2018 Final for History

What provoked the 1906 race riot in Atlanta, Georgia?

A white sheriff accused a black man of raping a white woman.

What is true about black migration between 1910 and 1940?

About 1.75 million blacks left the South, doubling the population of blacks outside that region.

What did the case of Norris v. Alabama, decided by the Supreme Court in 1935, state?

All Americans have the right to a jury of their peers. Excluding blacks from jury pools was deemed unconstitutional.

What was the ultimate result of the Dyer anti-lynching bill?

Although the NAACP gained publicity for the anti-lynching crusade, the bill ultimately failed

What is not true about the Tulsa Riots of 1921?

Angry blacks attacked City Hall in protest over discrimination

What prompted the Houston Riot in 1917?

Black soldiers were disgusted over the racist treatment they received at the hands of the police in the segregated city

Which of the following was a reason for blacks to move over to the Democratic party during the 1936 election?

Blacks felt that Roosevelt had been doing more for them than any other President

Which of the following was a reason for blacks to move over to the Democratic Party during the 1936 election?

Blacks felt that Roosevelt had been doing more for them than any other president.

What was not true about the cases of Gaines v. Canada, Sweatt v. Painter, and Mclauren v. Oklahoma that led to the overturning of the Plessy Rule in the 1954 Brown v. Board Of Education case?

Blacks split over Roosevelt, with their support about evenly divided between him and hoover in 1936

The Niagara Movement leaders stated, "We repudiate the monstrous doctrine that the oppressor should be the sole authority as to the rights of the oppressed." What does this mean?

Blacks wanted to have an active role in determining what they wanted, rather than leaving it all up to whites.

Which leader influenced Marcus Garvey's early ideas about changing the situation of blacks?

Booker T. Washington

Who were the carpetbaggers and the scalawags?

Carpetbaggers were Republicans from the North; Scalawags were white southerners who supported the Republicans

Why did the NAACP not decide to use Montgomery, Alabama's Claudette Colvin's arrest as a test case on the buses but later used Rosa parks?

Colvin was not considered "suitable"- she was 15, unmarried, and pregnant

What was not a reason why some people were critical of Washington's approach with the Tuskegee Institute?

Critics often felt that Washington was pushing too hard for change.

What is not true about Du Bois's and Washington's approaches to improving the condition of black men?

Du Bois did not think blacks should be submissive to whites and merely wait for change.

How did Du Bois's background shape his views, just as Washington's shaped his?

Du Bois was born free in the North, encountered little racism during his early years, and was incredibly intelligent and allowed to obtain a superior education.

What was true about the NAACP publication, "The Crisis"?

Edited by Du Bois, it generally contained strident language denouncing racism and demanding that blacks stand up for their rights.

What did the Supreme Court decide in Sweatt v. Painter?

Equality in educational facilities included a lot of intangibles. The justices were basically saying that Sweatt had to be admitted to the main law school, not simply give space for him in the basement of the university.

Which of the following is true about the Port Royal Experiment?

Ex-Slaves began to work the land around Port Royal, South Carolina, and some were able to purchase property

What amendment did the NAACP claim southern states were violating when they lacked black graduate education facilities or refused admittance to blacks?

Fourteenth Amendment

How had President Eisenhower reacted to the Brown decision?

He did not seem to accept the ruling completely, refusing to provide it with the backing of his office.

Why did Andrew Johnson veto the Freedmen's Bureau Bill?

He felt it would increase the federal bureaucracy too much

How did Booker T. Washington feel about the NAACP?

He sent in aides and supporters to disrupt meetings, and attack Du Bois publicly

Which of the following was not an element of Booker T. Washington's famous speech at the Atlanta Cotton States Exposition of 1895?

He thought blacks should work for voting rights at the same time try to impress whites with their hard work, cleanliness, and good morals

What types of political activities was Washington supporting behind the scenes?

He tried to both improve conditions for blacks on segregated railroad cars and get the grandfather clause overturned in the courts.

What was Charles Hamilton Houston's legal focus?

He tried to force the South to equalize facilities, especially in education

What benefits did Marcus Garvey and his ideas bring to many black people?

His ideas brought an opportunity to celebrate their culture, history, and heritage in a world that generally saw them as inferior or meaningless.

What did the 14th Amendment not do?

It explicitly gave black men the right to vote

What did the case of State of Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada involve?

It forced states to provide equal facilities to blacks for legal education within their borders.

How did the Cold War influence African American's struggle for rights?

It made racism and segregation less acceptable as the United States struggled for control and influence among African and Asian nations

What did President Harry Truman's Executive Order 9981 do?

It officially desegregated the armed forces.

What was the significance of the Guinn v. United States case in 1915?

It overturned the grandfather clause in Oklahoma

In August 1955, what provoked whites in Money, Mississippi to lynch Emmett Till?

It was a breach of social etiquette- the boy allegedly called a white women "baby."

How was the case of Briggs v. Elliot different from prior NAACP cases in education?

It was the first case to involve elementary school education, rather than graduate school education.

How did Andrew Johnson's becoming president affect blacks?

Johnson felt that Blacks should not vote or have role in government, and were vastly inferior to whites and Johnson destroyed many of their hopes

How was Lincoln changing his opinion of blacks shortly before he was assassinated?

Lincoln suggested that perhaps some Blacks who were educated or veterans should be able to vote

What did Dorie Miller's actions during the bombing of Pearl Harbor illustrate about blacks in the military?

Miller was awarded the Navy cross for his heroism, but was immediately returned to mess duty

What is true about school desegregation under Brown by 1960?

Only 17 school systems had been desegregated.

What is true about academic studies and academic views of race in the 1920s?

Prominent scholars published numerous books warning about the threat to America from immigrants, and the dangers of "diluting" the white race

What political party did blacks generally support in the early twentieth century?

Republican

What was the first concern of many African Americans once they achieved freedom?

Reuniting with lost family members

What event caused uproar in the South, as a breach of the racial etiquette by the President himself?

Roosevelt invited Washington for dinner

What did the Brown II decision say?

Schools should desegregate "with all deliberate speed."

Why did Rosa Parks sat she refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery Alabama city bus to a white person?

She saw the distorte face of Emmett Till and decided it was the least she could do

How did white people react to Washington's Atlanta Compromise speech?

Since it was so non-threatening, they thought it was sensible and praiseworthy. Many whites supported Washington's leadership

Which of the following cases involved a young woman who had been denied admission to a the law school because she was black?

Sipuel v. Oklahoma State Board of Regents

What case ended the all-white primary strategy altogether?

Smith v. Allwright

Which former Confederate state had the most blacks holding political office during Reconstruction?

South Carolina

What was the March on Washington Movement designed to do?

Stop discrimination against blacks in wartime industries and the military

Why did the all-white primary law disfranchise black voters in Texas, when they could still vote in the general election?

Texas was so heavily Democratic that the only really contested election was the primary race.

What did the Niagara Movement demand in 1905?

That blacks should protest vigorously for their rights, better schools, housing, and an end to racial prejudice.

Which organization quickly rushed to the aid of the young black men accused in the Scottsboro case?

The Communist Party

How was the Klan of the 1920s different from the Reconstruction Klan?

The Klan of the 1920s expanded their hate targets to include Catholics, Jews, and immigrants as well as blacks.

What do the activities of the NAACP regarding "white primaries" and in the Sweet case tell us about their tactics during the 1920s?

The NAACP continued to use the court system to gain changes and civil rights in America.

What was the result of Washington's scheming to destroy the NAACP?

The NAACP eventually triumphed, in goals and tactics

What is true about the NAACP during World War II?

The NAACP grew tremendously in membership and influence, even in the South

What did the case of Powell v. Alabama, decided by the Supreme Court in 1932, state?

The Scottsboro Boys had not been given adequate council, and the trial was not fair because it had occurred in a hostile environment

What was the result of the 1954 Brown case?

The court declared that separate educations for blacks and whites were not equal, therefore overturning the Plessy rule

What was the post-Civil War and Reconstruction era called "The Nadir"?

The darkest period of racial violence and policies in the U.S. history

How did black voting patterns begin to change after the first election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt?

The democratic party began to win the votes of a large black populations

Why did Charles H. Houston and Thurgood Marshall focus on gaining blacks access to professional and graduate schools?

The inequalities were very obvious; almost no graduate facilities existed for blacks in the South.

Which of the following is not true of Special Field Order #15?

The order forced former slaves to work in repairing the wartime damages to Southern cities

How did Billie Holiday's song "Strange Fruit" protest racism?

The song was about the horror and violence surrounding lynching

What was the role of the "Talented Tenth," according to Du Bois?

The top ten percent of blacks were to be responsible for working to achieve the civil and political rights of African Americans.

What was not a reaction by southern whites to implementing Brown?

They began a policy of massive, organized violent resistance.

How did other black leaders, like W. E. B. Du Bois and A. Philip Randolph, view Garvey?

They continually denigrated him and his ideas, calling him dangerous and a fool.

World War I was supposed to be a war "to make the world safe for democracy." With all this language, how did Americans apply these ideals to the treatment of blacks?

They didn't. Americans continued to hold onto racism, and reacted violently against blacks.

How did women's suffragists feel about the Fourteenth amendment?

They felt betrayed and angry, since the Fourteenth Amendment included only men

Why did many oppose the land bill Thaddeus Stevens introduced to Congress in late 1865?

They felt that property rights of Southerners were more important than granting land to blacks

What was the reaction of many white southerners to Truman's interest in African-American rights?

They left the Democratic Party to form the Dixiecrat Party, which favored white supremacy.

What was the role of FDR's "Black Cabinet"?

They lobbied and pressured the president and other governmental agencies to create color-blind policies

After the Civil War, how did Congress react to repeated southern attempts to stop blacks from exercising political power?

They passed the Fifteenth Amendment

Which of the following statements is true about the importance of education to the blacks after Reconstruction?

They saw education and freedom as quickly linked, and often went to great lengths to form schools and attend them

What did the southerners means when they wanted to "redeem" their states or return "Home Rule"?

They wanted to be in power, and have the Republicans be a minority group

What happened to the circular 13 and Special Field Order #15?

They were both revoked. Land that that had been given to blacks was returned to white owners

What methods did the NAACP use to try to gain black civil and political rights?

They worked within the court and legislative system, chipping away at discrimination, racism, and the Plessy v. Ferguson decision.

What was different about the black soldiers who served in World War II versus those who served in World War I?

Those who served in World War II were more likely to be high school or college graduates.

What organization did Marcus Garvey form in Jamaica in 1914?

Universal Negro Improvement Association

What type of political influence did Booker T. Washington have?

Washington actually had tremendous influence for a black man at the time. President Teddy Roosevelt respected him, and consulted with him regularly on political appointments

What was not a belief of Booker T. Washington about opportunities for blacks?

Washington believed that blacks should work for the right to vote while they worked for economic success.

Why was there violence in the South after Reconstruction?

White Southerners were frustrated by their loss during the Civil War, and resented blacks acquiring freedom and status

What is true about the early NAACP?

White leaders dominated it and financed it.

How did Woodrow Wilson act toward black people when he became president?

Wilson held southern views about race; he segregated federal offices to avoid friction between the races

What was the "Double V" campaign?

a slogan adopted by African Americans to work for victory in World War II and victory over racism at home

What was social Darwinism?

a theory that applied Darwin's theory of "survival of the fittest" to human society; white English and Germans were biologically superior to blacks

What was the Cold War?

an ideological conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union over different interests for Europe and the rest of the world

For what proposal is Garvey best remembered?

establishing the Black Star Line, a group of steamships that were supposed to help blacks get back to Africa

What form did the violence in the South take?

generally, only with mobs of whites lynching black men

Where did most black men in the army after the Civil War spend their time?

in the West, fighting Native Americans

What finally lifted the United States out of the Great Depression?

military spending by the United States to prepare for World War II

What was the primary force behind much of Adolf Hitler's policies?

racism, focusing on blaming Jews for all of Germany's problems

What did FDR's Executive Order 8022 do?

technically ended discrimination by race in defense industry employment

Which was the first war to see integrated American troop units in conflict?

the Korean War

What was the "white man's burden"?

the duty of superior, more civilized white countries to educate and bring culture to backward, inferior races

What was the "talented tenth"?

the top ten percent of black society; leaders like Du Bois felt that this group should lead blacks to greater social and political equality

What was the goal of the 1906 founding Urban League?

to help blacks as they moved into cities, with housing, discrimination issues, and medical care

What did the case of the Scottsboro Boys involve?

two young white women who falsely accused nine young black men of rape on a train

What was the Tuskegee Experiment?

when the federal government sponsored a health study that monitored, but did not treat, black men with syphilis