2.2

Complement of a secondary is a primary hue

(1) The complement of a primary color is produced by adding equal amounts of the other two hues (a) Complement of red is blue-green (b) Complement of blue is yellow (c) Complement of green is magenta

To produce secondary colors, mix two primary colors as follows:

(1) Yellow + Blue = Green (2) Yellow + Red = Orange (3) Blue + Red = Purple

achromatic color

- a color not found in the visible spectrum, therefore they have no hue a) Examples: black, white, silver and gold

Triad color scheme

- a color scheme which uses three hues that have three hues between each of the hues (1) Ex: yellow-orange, blue-green and red-purple

secondary hues

- are produced by mixing equal amounts of two primary colors 1. Points which are midway between two primary hues: a) Yellow b) Blue c) Violet

cool hues

- blue, green or purple or any intermediate hue in which they are predominate a) Originates: Yellow-green b) Terminates: Purple c) Receding hues - creates an illusion of openness d) Makes objects appear farther from observer e) Coolest hue: Blue f) Used for ornamental cosmetics

secondary a.k.a binary hues prang system

- produced by equal amounts of two primary hues a) These hues are located midway between two primary hues on a color wheel (1) *Green, Purple and Orange

tertiary hues prang system

- those produced by the mixture of two secondary hues or an unbalanced proportion of complements with the warm hue or cool hue predominating 1) When a warmer color is predominant, the mixture will yield a shade of brown 2) When a cooler color is predominant, the mixture will yield a shade of gray 3) Found in the center of the color wheel with many shades or variations 4) The shade of brown gets darker as red or purple is approached.

Double Split Complementary color scheme

- use of four hues which includes two hues on either side of a designated base hue and the complement of each of these hues (1) Ex: red-orange, blue-green, yellow-green and redpurple

Contrasting color scheme

- uses 2 hues which are not related and not quite complementary, provided the scheme includes one cool and one warm hue (usually includes a hue which is 1 step away from the complement) (1) Ex: yellow-orange and purple

color

-The general sensation perceived by the mind's eye to the activity and vibration of light -the name refers to the light rays which are reflected by the object.

Hues in the Prang System

-primary hues -secondary a.k.a binary hues -intermediate hues -tertiary hues -achromatic colors -complementary hues

Value of studying color theory:

1. Basis for cosmetology 2. Floral arrangements 3. Selection room merchandising 4. Psychological impact upon family: a) A warm hue stirs feelings b) A cool hue is more soothing

Colored Illumination Characteristics

1. Color obtained by the use of a light bulb 2. Various colors are obtained by passing light through a colored transparency

contrasting color harmonies include:

1. Contrasting color scheme 2. Complementary color scheme 3. Double Complementary color scheme 4. Split Complementary color scheme 5. Double Split Complementary color scheme 6. Triad color scheme 7. Tetrad color scheme

measures of color illumination

1. Hue - designates the color 2. Brilliance aka brightness - the quantity of illumination passing through a color transparency. 3. Saturation - a visual aspect indicating the vividness of the hue in the degree of difference from a gray of the same lightness. 4. Unsaturated illumination is used in the funeral home.

spectral color theory

1. Original scientific standard of color 2. Dispersion of colors - the process of separating a shaft of sunlight into a spectrum 3. Seven colors of the spectrum: ROYGBIV 4. primary hues 5. secondary hues 6. unclassified colors 7. White represents the presence of all color 8. Black represents the absence of all color 9. The color of an object is determined by those wavelengths of light which are not absorbed.

color theories

1. Spectral Color Theory 2. Prang Color Theory 3. Colored Illumination

additive method of illumination includes?

1. The color is produced by adding colored filters to a light source. 2. Primary colors: a) Red, Green and Blue 3. Secondary colors - produced by equal amounts of 2 primary colors a) Yellow produced by adding Red and Green b) Magenta produced by adding Red and Blue c) Blue-green produced by adding Blue and Green d) White produced by a mixture of all three primary colors

subtractive method includes:

1. The process of filtering out or subtracting those hues which are uncommon to the filters being used. 2. The visual effect of two filters is the hue which is common to the two transparencies. 3. Primary colors: a) Magenta, yellow, and blue-green 4. Secondary colors: a) Blue, red, and green 5. Black is produced by mixing all three primary colors in the subtractive method

So where do we see colored illumination being used?

1. Theaters (not movie cinemas) that use spotlights create different ambiences by the different lights shining on the stage. 2. Some HDTVs utilize this technology as well. 3. Some color copiers use a form of this technology. 4. Funeral directors use this when they have colored lights above/near the casket and use the lights to alter the appearance of the deceased and/or the casket.

problems with the pigmentation a.k.a prang system

1. imperfections 2. range of color is narrower than the range of color in nature 3. can't produce certain colors such as wood grain, minerals, certain skin colors, blonde color 4. pigment fades or bleaches when exposed to sunlight/air 5. not stable - differ from purchase to purchase

forms of related color harmony?

1. monochromatic 2. analogous 3. achromatic

Two divisions of the Prang Color Wheel:

1. warm hues 2. cool hues

pigment

Any coloring matter that can be applied to an object by hand, brush, sponge, pad or spray

color harmony

Color harmony is the placing of hues in close proximity to each other without mixing them

Types of illumination

Incandescent light - illumination resulting from the glowing of a heated filament Fluorescent light - the illumination produced by a tubular electric discharge lamp; the fluorescence of phosphors coating the inside of a tube

unclassified colors

Orange is the only non-classified spectral hue

Pigmentation a.k.a. Prang System

Pigment - a coloring matter which can be applied to an object when combined with some type of vehicle -Prang color wheel -Prang Color Wheel is a circular arrangement consisting of three primary, three secondary, and six intermediate hues.

primary hues prang system

Primary Hue - the basis for all other color a) Yellow, Blue, and Red

additive method primary hues

Red, Green and Blue

how do you get prang secondary hues (which colors make each?)

Yellow + Blue = Green • Yellow + Red = Orange • Blue + Red = Purple

primary hues of prang

Yellow, Blue and Red • Basis for all other colors

prang color wheel

a circular arrangement consisting of three primary, three secondary and six intermediate hues

Tetrad color scheme

a color scheme which used four hues that have two hues between each of the hues (1) Ex: yellow-orange, blue-purple, green and red

related color harmonies

a color scheme which utilizes a single hue or similar hues

Achromatic

a color scheme without hue

shade

a hue into which various quantities of black are mixed a) Decrease the value of the hue by adding more black b) Examples: (1) yellow becomes mustard (2) red becomes burgundy (3) blue becomes navy blue

tint

a hue into which various quantities of white are mixed. a) Increase the value of the hue by adding more white b) Examples of tints: (1) yellow becomes ivory (2) red becomes pink (3) blue becomes powder blue

Additive Method of Illumination

a process of mixing colored lights on a surface on which the wave lengths of each are combined; adding two or more colored lights together to create another color of light

Examples of Subtractive Methods of Illumination:

a) Light is passed through a magenta and blue-green filter the color seen is Blue (1) Light source --> Magenta & Blue-green --> Blue color b) Light is passed through a magenta and yellow filter the color seen is red ( 1) Light source --> Magenta & Yellow --> Red color c) Light is passed through a yellow and blue-green filter the color seen is Green (1) Light source --> Yellow & Blue-green --> Green color d) Light is passed through a yellow, magenta and blue-green filter - the color seen is Black (1) Light source --> Yellow & Magenta & Blue-green --> Black color

fluorescent light

a) More illumination for less cost b) Warm white - effects similar to incandescent c) Cool white - high in measurable blue and devoid of measurable red

Examples of the Additive Method of Illumination:

a) Passing a light through a red filter will produce red b) Light passing through two filters has the following results: (1) Passing light through Red and Blue filters produces Magenta (2) Passing light through Red and Green filters produces Yellow (3) Passing light through Blue and Green filters produces Blue-green

incandescent light

a) a. Less brilliant than sunlight b) High in yellow and low in blue c) Favorable to mortuary cosmetics d) Preferred for highlighting wood grain caskets

Juxtaposition a.k.a. simultaneous contrast

any two hues seen together which modify each other in the direction of their complements; or, the placement of two hues side by side without mixing a) Complements will appear brighter b) Non-complements will appear gray (dull)

subtractive method secondary colors

blue, red, and green

Intensity or chroma

brightness or dullness of a color

tetrads

color harmonies based on four colors; using every fourth color; the tetrads on the Prang color wheel; yellow-orange, red, bluepurple, and green; orange, red-purple, blue, and yellow-green; redorange, purple, blue-green, and yellow

measures of color include:

hue and value

The complement of an intermediate hue is an:

intermediate hue The complement of an intermediate hue is the product which results from mixing in equal quantities the complements of the two hues forming the intermediates

how is a tone formed?

is formed by mixing with a small amount of gray

subtractive method primary colors

magenta, yellow and blue-green

Subtractive Method of Illumination

method of diminishing the wavelengths of light by superimposing two or more color transparencies over the same light source; the light is gradually reduced by absorption of colors in the light

primary hues

one of three pigmentary hues (red, yellow, and blue) which can be combined to make all other hues: 1. Green 2. Red 3. Indigo (blue-purple)

complement of a secondary hue:

primary hue

Complement of a secondary hue is that:

primary hue not entering into the secondary hue

intermediate hues prang system

produced by an equal mixture of a primary hue and its adjacent secondary hue -Always named by the primary hue first then the secondary hue -examples: Yellow-orange, Yellow-green, Blue-green, Blue-purple, Redorange, Red-purple

spectral color theory primary hues

red, green, and indigo • Can not be produced by mixing 2 other colors together

warm hues

red, yellow or orange or any intermediate hue in which they are predominate 1) Originates: Yellow 2) Terminates: Red-purple 3) Advancing hues - creates an illusion of closeness 4) Make objects appear closer to the observer 5) Warmest hue: Orange 6) Skin tone complexions 7) Emit a measurable temperature

Complement of a primary hue is the product of the :

remaining primary hues equally mixed

Complement of a primary hue is:

secondary hue

value

the lightness or darkness of a color • A light value is high • A dark value is low

hue

the property of a color by which it is distinguished from other colors 1. Designates the degree of warmth or coolness of a color 2. A warm hue radiates heat 3. Cool hues emit less temperature.

Contrasting color harmonies

those color schemes which use two or more hues with at least one warm color and at least one cool color.

compliments

those hues found directly opposite another color on the color wheel -Those colors which produce gray when equally mixed

color triad

three colors spaced an equal distance apart on the color wheel, such as red, yellow & blue; orange, green & purple; yellow-green, purple-blue & red-orange; blue-green, red-purple & orange-yellow

Value of Pigmentary Hues

tint shade tone

Analogous

two or more hues which have the same hue in common. (1) Ex: yellow, yellow-green and yellow-orange

Double Complementary color scheme

use of four hues, including two adjacent hues and their respective complements (1) Ex: blue, orange, blue-green and red-orange

split complement color scheme

use of the colors on each side of a complementary color, such as yellow, red-purple & purple-blue; red, yellow-green & blue-green; blue, orange-yellow & red-orange; orangeyellow, blue & purple; red-orange, green & blue; red-purple, yellow & green; purple-blue, orange & yellow; blue-green, orange & red; yellow-green, red & purple

Split Complementary color scheme

use of three hues which include a base hug and two hues on each side of its complement (1) Ex: blue-green, yellow-green and red

Complementary color scheme

use of two complementary hues including their tints, shades and tones (1) Ex: blue-green and red-orange

monochromatic

variations of one hue; tints, tones, and shades of one hue. Ex: yellow, mustard and ivory

secondary hues a.k.a binary hues of prang

• Hues produced by equal amounts of two primary hues • Located midway between two primary hues on a color wheel • Green, Purple and Orange

longest and shortest wave lengths

• Longest wavelength is red • Shortest wavelength is blue

additive method secondary hues

• Yellow produced by adding Red and Green • Magenta produced by adding Red and Blue • Blue-green produced by adding Blue and Green

spectral color theory secondary hues

• Yellow, Blue, Violet • Produced by mixing equal amounts of 2 primary colors • Points which are midway between 2 primary hues

complementary color scheme

colors directly opposite each other on the color wheel, such as yellow & purple, red & green, blue & orange. The red family appears redder when contrasted with green as will orange with blue and yellow with purple. Complementary colors balance as they are opposites ? one warm, one cool. In their brightest intensities, complements literally command attention so are especially effective in packaging, advertising, point-of-purchase, banners, sports uniforms or any other usage where exuberant and instant attention is important. In softer or deeper values, the effect is more subtle