2.2 Bone Tissue

The major organic component of bone extracellular matrix is __________.

collagen

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diaphysial side

Small cavities that are located between lamellae and contain osteocytes are called __________.

lacunae

Which shape of bone contains a medullary cavity and epiphyseal lines?

long

Bone cells that are found in the endosteum and periosteum and build new bone matrix are called __________.

osteoblasts

Which type of cell is responsible for bone deposition?

osteoblasts

The large, multinucleated cells responsible for bone resorption are called __________.

osteoclasts

The type of bone that has irregularly arranged collagen bundles, abundant osteocytes, and little inorganic matrix, is classified as __________.

primary bone

If osteoclasts failed to function properly during ossification,

weaker, less organized primary bone would remain.

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osteocytes

Which of the following hormones does NOT cause bone growth?

parathyroid hormone

If a bone is lacking collagen in its organic matrix, such as with the disease osteogenesis imperfecta, the bone would

be brittle and shatters easily.

If primary bone were not replaced by secondary bone,

bone would be less resistant to tensile and compressive forces.

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break down bone

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a congenital bone disease caused by a collagen deficiency. Which of the following would be a symptom of osteogenesis imperfecta?

brittle bones

Which of the following happens closest to the diaphysis of a bone that is growing in length?

Calcified cartilage is replaced with bone.

How does excess growth hormone allows the bone to continue to grow after the epiphyseal plate has closed?

Excess growth hormone will continue to stimulate appositional growth even after the epiphyseal plate has closed.

Which of the following events does NOT happen during endochondral ossification?

Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts.

Which of the following events happens during intramembranous ossification?

Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts.

How would bone growth be affected in children suffering from malnutrition?

They would experience a decrease in mitosis in the hyaline cartilage at the epiphyseal plate, slowing the longitudinal growth of long bones.

Appositional growth allows bones to __________.

grow in width

Which of the following gives bone its strength and ability to withstand compression and protect?

hydroxyapatite crystals

Which of the following is not one of the effects of growth hormone on bones?

increase in the activity of osteoclast

In certain diseases, osteoclast activity takes over osteoblast activity, which will cause the bone to

increase the breakdown of the ECM without it being rebuilt, leading to a weakening of the bone.

Flat bones such as the bones of the skull form via __________.

intramembranous ossification

Compact bone forms concentric rings that make it extremely hard and strong to

resist stress and protect the inner spongy bone

The type of bone that has fully formed lamellae with regularly arranged collagen bundles and a higher percentage of inorganic matrix is classified as __________.

secondary bone

Predict the effect of growth hormone deficiency during childhood.

short stature

During testing of a young girl, a doctor found an elevated level of estrogen caused by a tumor. He informed the parents to expect

the young girl to show significant growth in a very short period but her overall height to be less than average.

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trabeculae