240 Test 1: Chapter 13 & 15
Which intervention would the nurse plan for a patient with hypercalcemia? (13) Monitor cardiac rhythm for changes. Limit activities to protect against injury. Assess oxygen saturation levels every 4 hours. Avoid invasive procedures because of increased bleeding risk.
Monitor cardiac rhythm for changes
Which body system is especially affected by hyponatremia? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. (13) Cerebral Endocrine Respiratory Cardiovascular Neuromuscular
"C.C.N" Cerebral Cardiovascular Neuromuscular
The nurse is teaching proper nutrition to a patient who has been prescribed high-ceiling diuretic therapy. Which patient response indicates a need for further teaching? (13) "I should eat fish several times a week." "Eating meat will help with my potassium needs." "I should have fruits such as oranges and bananas every day." "I should eat more eggs and cereals for potassium."
"I should eat more eggs and cereals for potassium." meats, fish, fruits, and some vegetables are highest in potassium
The student nurse is explaining body responses to alterations of fluid balance. Which statement made by the student requires correction? (13) "Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are secreted by the kidneys to restore tissue perfusion." "The hypothalamus contains osmoreceptors sensitive to changes in blood osmolarity." "Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released from the posterior pituitary gland in response to changes in blood osmolarity." "Aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal cortex whenever sodium levels in the extracellular fluid are low."
"Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are secreted by the kidneys to restore tissue perfusion." NPs are hormones secreted by special cells that line the atria of the heart in response to increased blood volume and blood pressure
Which finding is common with hypokalemia? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. (13) Paresthesia Bradycardia Shallow respirations Weak, thready pulse Musculoskeletal weakness
"Sara-Wont-Move" Shallow respirations Weak, thready pulse Musculoskeletal weakness
An older adult admitted with dehydration and a history of stress incontinence expresses embarrassment about the need for absorbent undergarments. Which question would the nurse ask this patient related to the present illness? (13) "How is your appetite?" "Have you noticed a change in the tightness of your shoes?" "What is your typical urinary elimination pattern and amount?" "What is your typical amount and type of daily fluid intake?"
"What is your typical amount and type of daily fluid intake?" asking the patient about the amount and types of fluids will provide additional information as to how the patient deals with incontinence through fluid management and possible causes for the dehydration
what things cause HYPOnatremia?
***-heart failure -being NPO -excessive diaphoresis (sweating)
HYPERcalcemia s/s (high calcium)
-muscular weakness -ataxia: lack of muscle coordination -constipation, -abdominal pain/distension -confusion -depression -absent tendon reflexes -arrhythmias
Normal MAGNESIUM level
1.5-2.5
For a patient prescribed furosemide as part of treatment plan for cirrhosis and excess fluid volume, which patient goal would the nurse establish for this patient? (13) Adds salt in diet 10-lb weight loss Potassium level 3.0 mEq/L Intake greater than output
10-lb weight loss a patient would follow a low-salt diet to prevent fluid retention
Normal SODIUM level
135-145
Which daily dietary sodium limit would the nurse suggest for the patient with chronic fluid overload? (13) 2 to 3 g 4 to 5 g 5 to 6 g 6 to 7 g
2 to 3 g
Normal POTASSIUM level
3.5-5
Which potassium level would indicate that therapy for hyperkalemia was effective? (13) 7.6 mEq/L 5.6 mEq/L 4.6 mEq/L 2.6 mEq/L
4.6 mEq/L normal potassium level is 3.5-5.0
Which value falls within the range for the minimal amount of urine that needs to be produced in 24 hours? (13) 150 mL/day 250 mL/day 350 mL/day 450 mL/day
450 mL/day The minimum volume of urine per day needed to excrete toxic waste products is 400 to 600 mL and is called obligatory urine output.
Which total urine output for the previous day would place a patient at risk for accumulating waste products? (13) 500 mL 700 mL 900 mL 1100 mL
500 mL
Which fluid volume is the expected insensible water loss for a healthy adult each day? (13) 250 to 500 mL 500 to 1000 mL 1000 to 1250 mL 1250 to 1750 mL
500 to 1000 mL
Which patient is at high risk for hypernatremia? (13) 30-year-old on a low-salt diet 42-year-old receiving hypotonic fluids 54-year-old who is sweating profusely 17-year-old with a serum blood glucose level of 189 mg/dL
54-year-old who is sweating profusely *excessive sweating is a common cause of hypernatremia because you lose water that helps to dilute the sodium in the body
Normal CALCIUM level
8.6-10.5
HYPOkalemia s/s (low potassium)
A-SIC-WALT -Alkalosis -Shallow respiration -Irritability -Confusion and drowsiness -Weakness and fatigue -Arrhythmias- irregular heart rate, tachycardia -Lethargy -Thready pulse decrease intestinal mobility, nausea and vomiting
Which effect causes edema in a patient's dependent areas? (13) Large intercellular spaces Filtration of fluid in the cells Changes in normal hydrostatic pressure Equilibrium in solute concentration on each side of the cell
Changes in normal hydrostatic pressure
A patient is brought in an unconscious state to the emergency department. The primary health care provider suspects dehydration. Which parameter in the laboratory results would indicate internal hemorrhage as a reason for dehydration? (13) Increased osmolarity Absence of hemoconcentration Elevated levels of blood components Decreased hemoglobin level
Absence of hemoconcentration Hemoconcentration is not present when dehydration is caused by hemorrhage because loss of all blood and plasma products occurs together
Which age-related change to the endocrine system affects fluid balance in the body? (13) Adrenal atrophy Insulin resistance Increased secretion of aldosterone Decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone
Adrenal atrophy an age-related change to the endocrine gland is adrenal atrophy, which causes poor regulation of sodium and potassium, placing the patient at risk for fluid imbalance
Which hormone regulates fluid and electrolyte balance by preventing water and sodium loss? (13) Antidiuretic Thyrotropin Aldosterone Natriuretic peptide (NP)
Aldosterone
what diuretic DO you give to a patient with hypokalemia? (13)
Amiloride
Which type of medication may affect the assessment of a patient's fluid balance? (13) Anticoagulant once daily Cardiac glycoside once daily Antibiotic every 6 hours Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor twice daily
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor twice daily medications used to manage hypertension such as ACE inhibitors disrupt the renin-angiotensin II pathway, resulting in greater excretion of water and sodium in the urine
Which assessment parameter is useful for identifying magnesium toxicity during IV magnesium administration? (13) Measuring urine output Monitoring serum calcium levels Checking deep tendon reflexes (DTRs) Asking the patient about mood changes
Checking deep tendon reflexes (DTRs) Hypermagnesemia causes depressed or absent DTRs
Which serum electrolyte result would be of concern to the nurse? (13) Chloride: 88 mEq/L Sodium: 143 mEq/L Potassium: 4.8 mEq/L Magnesium: 2.0 mEq/L
Chloride: 88 mEq/L the normal chloride range is 98 to 106 mEq/L
Which finding would the nurse expect to notice during an assessment of a patient admitted with hypocalcemia secondary to chronic kidney disease? (13) Circumoral tingling (numbness around the mouth) Lethargy and seizures Negative Trousseau sign Hypoactive bowel sounds
Circumoral tingling (numbness around the mouth)
HYPOcalcemia s/s (low calcium)
Convulsions Arrhythmias *Tetany (involuntary contraction of muscles, & charley horses in thigh, calf, or foot while sleeping) *Spasms and stridor **+positive Trousseau sign hyperactive bowel sounds
For a patient who presents with hypokalemia (low potassium) secondary to loop diuretic use, which food would the nurse teach the patient to eat? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. (13) Pasta Apples Bananas Cauliflower Blackberries
Bananas *bananas, oranges, and grapes are high in potassium
A patient's morning laboratory results show a serum ionized calcium level of 2.85 mmol/L. Which parameter would the nurse assess based on this result? (13) Respiratory rate Blood clotting Muscle tension Peristalsis
Blood clotting HYPERcalcemia allows blood clots to form more easily, especially in the lower legs and pelvic region
Which fluid is critical to preventing death? (13) Urine Perspiration Blood volume Interstitial fluid
Blood volume
Which finding would the nurse expect during the assessment of a patient with a serum potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. (13) Bradycardia Muscle twitching Extremity numbness Cardiac dysrhythmias Hyperactive bowel sounds
Bradycardia Muscle twitching Extremity numbness Cardiac dysrhythmias Hyperactive bowel sounds (all of them)
HYPERmagnesemia s/s (high magnesium)
Bradycardia (slow HR) Muscle twitching Extremity numbness Cardiac dysrhythmias Hyperactive bowel sounds
When a patient reports disturbed deep sleep because of frequent cramping in the calves, which electrolyte would the nurse review in the patient's health record? (13) Sodium Calcium Potassium Magnesium
Calcium
Which laboratory value obtained from a patient's morning metabolic panel would the nurse report as abnormal? (13) Sodium 138 mEq/L Calcium 10.9 mEq/L Potassium 4.5 mEq/L Magnesium 2.0 mEq/L
Calcium 10.9 mEq/L normal range is 9.0 to 10.5 mEq/L
The nurse manager of a medical-surgical unit is completing assignments for the day shift staff. The patient with which electrolyte laboratory value would the nurse manager assign to the licensed practical nurse/licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)? (13) Calcium level of 9.5 mg/dL Sodium level of 120 mEq/L Potassium level of 6.0 mEq/L Magnesium level of 4.1 mEq/L
Calcium level of 9.5 mg/dL Because a calcium level of 9.5 mg/dL is within normal limits, it is appropriate to assign this patient to an LPN
Which drug might be used to manage symptoms of hypocalcemia? (13) Vitamin E Zinc sulfate Calcium with vitamin D Potassium chloride
Calcium with vitamin D calcium supplements are given to restore serum calcium levels. Vitamin D helps to improve calcium absorption
Which body system would the nurse reassess if a patient's laboratory result indicates a serum potassium level of 5.9 mEq/L? (13) Respiratory Genitourinary Cardiovascular Integumentary
Cardiovascular potassium controls conductivity within the heart
Positive Trousseau and Chvostek signs are consistent with which electrolyte imbalance? (13) Hypokalemia Hyperkalemia Hypocalcemia Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia
For the patient with "increased " fluid volume secondary to heart failure, which intervention would the nurse include in the patient's plan of care? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. (13) Daily weights Skin pressure relief Fluid restriction Diuretic therapy Low-sodium diet
Daily weights Skin pressure relief Fluid restriction Diuretic therapy Low-sodium diet (all of them)
Which electrolyte imbalance triggers aldosterone secretion to maintain fluid balance within the body? (13) Decreased serum potassium levels Decreased sodium levels in the extracellular fluid (ECF) Increased serum glucose levels Increased calcium levels in the extracellular fluid (ECF)
Decreased sodium levels in the extracellular fluid (ECF)
Which assessment finding would the nurse expect in the skin of an older-adult patient? (13) Decreased turgor Increased elasticity Increased oil production Decreased surface injury
Decreased turgor
Which age-related change affects fluid balance? (13) Diminished knee reflex Diminished thirst reflex Diminished cough reflex Diminished baroreceptor reflex
Diminished thirst reflex
Which type of medication is administered to adjust a patient's fluid balance? (13) Diuretic Anticoagulant Mood stabilizer Opioid analgesic
Diuretic
Which term would the nurse use to document the presence of "excess" tissue fluid? (13) Ascites Edema Turgor Filtration
Edema
what diuretic do you NOT give to a patient with hypokalemia? and why? (13)
FUROSEMIDE- because it is a loop diuretic that can cause fluid overload causing low potassium and therefore you do not want your potassium any lower by taking this diuretic
Which statement describes overhydration? (13) Fluid intake is less than the body's fluid needs Fluid retention is equal to the body's fluid needs Fluid retention is less than the body's fluid needs Fluid intake is greater than the body's fluid needs
Fluid intake is greater than the body's fluid needs
Which statement explains vascular dehydration? (13) Too much fluid loss Too little fluid intake Fluid shift from plasma to interstitial space Fluid shift from interstitial space to plasma
Fluid shift from plasma to interstitial space dehydration without actual loss of total body water, such as when the fluid shifts from plasma to the interstitial space, is called vascular dehydration
Which statement describes isotonic dehydration? (13) Fluids and electrolytes are lost from the body in equal amounts. Electrolytes are lost from the body in greater quantities than fluids. Fluids are lost from the body in greater quantities than electrolytes. Fluids and electrolytes are lost from the body, but only water is replaced.
Fluids and electrolytes are lost from the body in equal amounts
Of the diagnoses documented in a patient's health record, which condition would the nurse attribute to the cause of the patient's sodium level of 130 mEq/L? (13) Diarrhea Heart failure Cushing syndrome Fever unknown origin
Heart failure the patient is experiencing hyponatremia as the patient's sodium level is LESS than 136 mEq/L
Which condition would the nurse expect in the laboratory report of a patient with hypervolemia (fluid overload)? (13) Hemostasis (stoping of blood flow) Homeostasis (equal) Hemodilution (decreased blood concentration-watery) Hemoconcentration (increased blood concentration-thick)
Hemodilution fluid overload is characterized by decreased hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum protein levels because of excessive water in the vascular space
The primary health care provider prescribes IV administration of 100 mL of 20% glucose along with 20 units of insulin. Which condition would the nurse expect the patient to have? (13) Hyperkalemia Hyperglycemia Hypernatremia Hypercalcemia
Hyperkalemia
The nurse is providing care to a patient who is diagnosed with dehydration. Which laboratory finding supports the current diagnosis? (13) Hypokalemia Hypercalcemia Hypernatremia Hypomagnesemia
Hypernatremia
Which additional electrolyte imbalance would the nurse monitor for in a patient who has hypomagnesemia? (13) Hyperkalemia Hypocalcemia Hypernatremia Hypophosphatemia
Hypocalcemia *Hypocalcemia often occurs with hypomagnesemia. Magnesium is required for the production and release of the parathyroid hormone, so when magnesium is too low, insufficient parathyroid hormone is produced and blood calcium levels are also reduced (hypocalcemia). The hypocalcemia is described as "secondary" because it occurs as a consequence of hypomagnesemia
Which electrolyte imbalance should be anticipated in a patient with hyperphosphatemia (elevated phosphate in the blood)? (13) Hypokalemia Hypocalcemia Hypernatremia Hypermagnesemia
Hypocalcemia phosphorus and calcium have an "inverse" or reciprocal relationship. When one is increased, the other is usually decreased (when one is up the other is down). Therefore a patient with hyperphosphatemia should be monitored for hypocalcemia
For which electrolyte imbalance will the nurse monitor while providing care to a patient who is receiving diuretic therapy? (13) Hypokalemia Hypercalcemia Hypernatremia Hypophosphatemia
Hypokalemia (LOW POTASSIUM)
Which finding would indicate that a patient is at risk for fluid volume overload? (they have too much fluid in their body "watered down" (13) Hyperkalemia Hypocalcemia Hyponatremia Hyperchloremia
Hyponatremia
Which condition commonly occurs in patients who are on long-term furosemide therapy? (13) Hypocalcemia Hypercalcemia Hyponatremia Hypernatremia
Hyponatremia (low soduim) Furosemide is a high-ceiling or loop diuretic. Prolonged use of this drug to manage fluid overload may cause loss of sodium along with extra water, leading to a decrease in sodium levels, or hyponatremia
Which condition would stimulate renin-angiotensin II to maintain fluid balance within the body? (13) Hypoxia Hypoglycemia Hypercalcemia Water intoxication
Hypoxia
Water loss from the skin (perspiration) lungs (respiration) and stool (feces) is called? (13)
INSENSIBLE water loss because there are no mechanisms to control this loss
Which defense mechanism maintains blood flow to the vital organs during isotonic dehydration? (13) Decreased heart rate Decreased peripheral resistance Increased blood vessel constriction Increased pulmonary ventilation rate
Increased blood vessel constriction vasoconstriction is a mechanism that helps increase the blood pressure and maintain blood flow to the vital organs
Which cardiovascular change would the nurse expect to find in a patient with fluid overload? (13) Flat jugular veins Increased heart rate Widened pulse pressure Decreased blood pressure
Increased heart rate
Which patient outcome indicates that a dose of furosemide was effective? (13) Weight gain Increased heart rate Increased urine output Decreased blood pressure (BP)
Increased urine output
Which age-related change increases an older adult patient's risk for dehydration? (13) Increased water loss Increased thirst reflex Increased concentrating capacity Increased glomerular filtration rate
Increased water loss
A patient has a low serum potassium level and is prescribed a dose of parenteral potassium chloride (KCl). Which administration method would the nurse use? (13) Infuse 10 mEq over a 1-hour period. Administer 5 mEq IM. Push 5 mEq through a central access line. Dilute 200 mEq in 1 L of normal saline, and infuse at 100 mL/hr
Infuse 10 mEq over a 1-hour period
Which function does aldosterone serve? (13) It causes constriction of renal arterioles It promotes the resorption of water and sodium It stimulates the secretion of renin for the kidneys It causes constriction of peripheral blood vessels
It promotes resorption of water and sodium
Which clinical manifestation would the nurse associate with a patient's admitting diagnoses of heart failure and fluid overload? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. (13) Weight loss Hypotension Clear lung sounds Jugular vein distention Decreased respiratory rate
Jugular vein distention Signs of fluid overload include distended jugular neck veins
A 77-year-old woman who has congestive heart failure (CHF) is brought to the emergency department after she has had diarrhea for 3 days. The family tells the nurse that she has not been eating or drinking well but that she has been taking her diuretics and other medications. Her laboratory results include a potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L. Which information would the nurse include in the patient's medication teaching? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. (13) Diuretics increase fluid retention. Laxatives can lead to fluid imbalance. It is important to weigh daily at the same time. Diuretics can lead to fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Daily weights are a poor indicator of fluid loss or gain.
Laxatives can lead to fluid imbalance It is important to weigh daily at the same time Diuretics can lead to fluid and electrolyte imbalances
For which classification of drugs would the nurse instruct a patient to INCREASE intake of dietary potassium? (13) Beta blockers Corticosteroids Alpha antagonists Loop diuretics
Loop diuretics high-ceiling (loop) diuretics are potassium-depleting drugs
HYPERkalemia s/s (high potassium)
M.U.R.D.E.R. M - Muscle weakness U - Urine, oliguria, anuria R- Respiratory distress D - Decreased cardiac contractility E - ECG changes R - Reflexes, hyperreflexia, or areflexia (flaccid)
Which assessment finding is consistent with fluid overload? (13) Heart murmur Decreased pulse rate Decreased respiratory rate Moist crackles in the lungs
Moist crackles in the lungs
A patient with pitting edema of the right foot and ankle are prescribed diuretic therapy. Which intervention would the nurse include in the plan of care? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. (13) Monitoring respiratory rate Monitoring urine output Assessing sodium and potassium values Checking urine for specific gravity Monitoring ECG patterns
Monitoring urine output Assessing sodium and potassium values Monitoring ECG patterns
HYPOnatermia s/s (low sodium)
Nausea Muscle cramps Changes is mental status: lethargy & coma ***Muscular twitching ***Seizures ***Decreased tendon reflexes ***Diarrhea
Which route of fluid loss is unmeasurable? (13) Urine Feces Emesis Perspiration
Perspiration (sweat)
When analysis of a patient's telemetry strip reveals a widened QRS complex with peaked T waves, which laboratory value would the nurse review before notifying the health care provider? (13) Sodium Calcium Potassium Magnesium
Potassium **too much potassium, can cause cardiovascular changes, including peaked T waves and widened QRS complexes
For which purpose would a patient with edema receive a hyperosmotic IV solution? (13) Improve diffusion of electrolytes within cells. Reduce diffusion of potassium into the extracellular space. Pull excessive fluid from the interstitial space. Reduce filtration of body fluids.
Pull excessive fluid from the interstitial space osmosis is the movement of water only through a semipermeable membrane down a concentration gradient. By infusing a hyperosmotic solution, interstitial fluid will be pulled into the plasma volume, reducing cerebral edema
Which finding is associated with fluid overload? (13) Tachycardia Hyperthermia Pulmonary crackles Orthostatic hypotension
Pulmonary crackles
Which action would the nurse take when providing care to a patient with hypokalemia? (13) Question the continued administration of prescribed bumetanide. Administer prescribed oral potassium chloride (KCl) before a meal. Establish a peripheral IV, preferably in the hand, for administering IV potassium chloride (KCl). Obtain the prescribed vial of IV potassium chloride (KCl) from the pharmacy, and dilute before administration
Question the continued administration of prescribed bumetanide Bumetanide is a loop diuretic, which contributes to potassium loss and should be questioned
Which condition is the major cause of death in patients with hypokalemia (low potassium)? (13) Stroke Renal failure Cardiac arrest Respiratory insufficiency
Respiratory insufficiency respiratory changes may occur in patients with hypokalemia because of respiratory muscle weakness resulting in shallow respirations
Which intervention would the nurse expect to be prescribed for a patient with hyponatremia? (13) 2-g sodium diet Administration of furosemide IV administration of 0.45% normal saline Small-volume IV infusions of 3% normal saline
Small-volume IV infusions of 3% normal saline -3% saline is hypertonic and is given in small volumes to replenish serum sodium -0.45% saline is hypotonic and will further dilute serum sodium levels -Furosemide causes sodium loss in the kidneys and would further contribute to hyponatremia -2-g sodium diet restricts sodium intake; the goal of nutritional therapy with hyponatremia is to increase sodium intake
Which electrolyte deficiency would the nurse expect to find when reviewing the laboratory data for a patient who presents with seizure activity, decreased deep tendon reflexes, and diarrhea? (13) Sodium Calcium Potassium Magnesium
Sodium
Which electrolyte excess results in cellular irritability and severe cellular dehydration? (13) Sodium Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium
Sodium
Which urine laboratory parameter would help in the diagnosis of a patient with dehydration? (13) pH Glucose Specific gravity Ketones
Specific gravity
Which intervention would the nurse expect the health care provider to prescribe for a patient with "multiple fluid and electrolyte DEFICITS" secondary to a GI virus? (13) Give antihypertensives Initiate fluid restrictions Apply continuous oxygen Administer loop diuretics Start an IV solution of Ringer's lactate
Start an IV solution of Ringer's lactate Ringer's lactate as would help replace some electrolytes
A 90-year-old patient with hypermagnesemia is seen in the emergency department (ED). To which inpatient unit would the ED nurse expect to admit this patient? (13) Medical-surgical Dialysis/home care Geriatric/rehabilitation Telemetry/cardiac stepdown
Telemetry/cardiac stepdown because hypermagnesemia causes changes in the ECG that may result in cardiac arrest, the patient should be admitted to the telemetry/cardiac stepdown unit
The nurse is admitting a 78-year-old patient with severe diarrhea. Which assessment finding indicates that the patient may be dehydrated? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. (13) Distended neck veins Bounding radial pulses Temperature of 99.4°F (37.4°C) Dizziness when standing Newly reported confusion
Temperature of 99.4°F (37.4°C) Dizziness when standing Newly reported confusion -postural hypotension causing dizziness may occur with dehydration. Because of decreased perfusion to the brain, confusion is common in older adults -low-grade fever is a common result of dehydration. -with dehydration, neck veins are FLAT, not distended; peripheral pulses are WEAK, not bounding
Which statement is accurate regarding fluid balance in older-adult patients? (13) They have less total body water They are prone to hyperkalemia They are prone to hypernatremia They have an increased thirst reflex
They have less total body water
Which history and assessment finding may be associated with hypocalcemia? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. (13) Absent bowel sounds Tingling around the mouth Muscle spasms in the calf at rest Decreased deep tendon reflexes without paresthesia Recent blunt trauma to the throat
Tingling around the mouth Muscle spasms in the calf at rest Recent blunt trauma to the throat
HYPOmagnesemia s/s (low magnesium)
Twitching Paresthesias Hyperactive reflexes *Irritability* Confusion Positive Chvostek's or Trousseau's sign Shallow respirations Tetany Seizures Tachycardia *Tall T waves* and depressed ST segment
Which parameter would the nurse use to directly evaluate the effectiveness of diuretic therapy? (13) Skin turgor Urinary Output Blood pressure Respiratory rate
Urinary output
Which medication mimics the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the body? (13) Insulin Calcium Potassium Vasopressin
Vasopressin (vasopressin is a medication that mimics the effects of ADH on the body to maintain fluid balance within the body)
When concerned about a patient's GI fluid losses, which parameter would the nurse assess to determine fluid loss? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. (13) Weight Skin turgor Urine output Blood pressure Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Weight Skin turgor Urine output Blood pressure Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (all of them)
A patient with hypocalcemia secondary to chronic kidney disease may notice what?
tingling of the nose, lips, and ears as this precedes tetany
Hyponatremia causes the kidneys to do what? (13) increase blood pressure and maintain perfusion and fluid balance
to secrete renin to increase blood pressure and maintain perfusion and fluid balance
signs and symptoms of hyponatreimia (low sodium)
hyponatremia can cause: -mental status changes -lethargy -coma -seizure activity
Risk factor for tachypnea? (13)
increased insensible water loss
A patient's temperature has risen 2°C from normal. Calculate the amount of body fluid the patient has lost. Record your answer using a whole number. _________ mL (13)
when a patient's temperature is above normal (98.6°F [37°C]), the body will lose 500 mL FOR EVERY DEGREE Celsius the temperature has RISEN! Therefore a patient with a temperature 2°C over normal would have lost 1000 mL of body fluid
HYPERnatremia s/s (high sodium)?
you are FRIED *Diarrhea *Cushing Syndrome *Fever of unknown origin Restless Increased BP Edema Decreased urinary output
