2.6 Ports and Addresses

Types of network media

- Twisted-pair copper cables - Fiber-optic cables - Coaxial cables - Wireless, as shown in the figure.

1) What is the structure of an IPv4 address called? - dotted-binary format - dotted-decimal format - dotted-hexadecimal format

- dotted-decimal format

2) How is an IPv4 address represented? - four binary numbers between 0 and 1 separated by colons. - four decimal numbers between 0 and 255 separated by periods. - thirty-two hexadecimal numbers separated by colons. - thirty-two hexadecimal numbers separated by periods.

- four decimal numbers between 0 and 255 separated by periods.

3) What type of interface has no physical port associated with it? - console - Ethernet - serial - switch virtual interface (SVI)

- switch virtual interface (SVI)

Switch virtual interface (SVI)

Cisco IOS Layer 2 switches have physical ports for devices to connect. These ports do not support Layer 3 IP addresses. Therefore, switches have one or more switch virtual interfaces (SVIs). These are virtual interfaces because there is no physical hardware on the device associated with it. An SVI is created in software. The virtual interface lets you remotely manage a switch over a network using IPv4 and IPv6. Each switch comes with one SVI appearing in the default configuration "out-of-the-box." The default SVI is interface VLAN1. A Layer 2 switch does not need an IP address. The IP address assigned to the SVI is used to remotely access the switch. An IP address is not necessary for the switch to perform its operations.

IPv6 address

IPv6 addresses are 128 bits in length and written as a string of hexadecimal values. Every four bits is represented by a single hexadecimal digit; for a total of 32 hexadecimal values. Groups of four hexadecimal digits are separated by a colon (:) . IPv6 addresses are not case-sensitive and can be written in either lowercase or uppercase.

IPv4 subnet mask

With the IPv4 address, a subnet mask is also necessary. An IPv4 subnet mask is a 32-bit value that differentiates the network portion of the address from the host portion. Coupled with the IPv4 address, the subnet mask determines to which subnet the device is a member.

Dotted decimal notation

The structure of an IPv4 address is called dotted decimal notation and is represented by four decimal numbers between 0 and 255. IPv4 addresses are assigned to individual devices connected to a network.

Internet Protocol (IP) address

The use of IP addresses is the primary means of enabling devices to locate one another and establish end-to-end communication on the internet. Each end device on a network must be configured with an IP address. Examples of end devices include these: - Computers (work stations, laptops, file servers, web servers) - Network printers - VoIP phones - Security cameras - Smart phones - Mobile handheld devices (such as wireless barcode scanners)