2.7 Explain basic networking concepts

Describe the Five Basic Tenets of a Network Packet.

1) Another name for a packet is a datagram 2) Data transferred over the Internet is sent as one or more packets. The most common packet sent is the TCP packet 3) The size of a packet is limited, so most data sent over a network is broken up into multiple packets before being sent out and then put back together when received 4) When a packet is transmitted over a network, network routers and switches examine the packet and its source to help direct it to the correct location 5) During its transmission, network packets can be dropped. If a packet is not received or an error occurs, it is sent again

HTTP uses a server-client model. Give an example of this relationship.

A client, for example, may be a home computer, laptop, or mobile device. The HTTP server is typically a web host running web server software, such as Apache or IIS. When you access a website, your browser sends a request to the corresponding web server and it responds with an HTTP status code. If the URL is valid and the connection is granted, the server will send your browser the webpage and related files

What is a firewall?

A firewall is a software utility or hardware device that acts as a filter for data entering or leaving a network or computer

What is the major advantage of using IPv6?

A major advantage of IPv6 is that it uses 128 bits of data to store an address, permitting 2128 unique addresses

What is contained in a 'packet'?

A packet contains a source, destination, data, size, and other useful information that helps packet make it to the appropriate location and get reassembled properly

What is the purpose of a packet?

A packet is used because it divides data into easier-to-manage "chunks," which move information more efficiently and keep network resources from being tied up by a single, larger file

Describe how an IP address is similar to a mailing address.

An IP address is a number identifying of a computer or another device on the Internet. It is similar to a mailing address, which identifies where postal mail comes from and where it should be delivered. IP addresses uniquely identify the source and destination of data transmitted with the Internet Protocol

Why won't computer networks have the same MAC address assigned to varying computers or network devices?

Because a MAC address is a unique address, a computer network will not have the same MAC address assigned to more than one computer or network device.

True or False: Routers don't quite have the variety of capabilities as other network devices like a hub or a switch.

False; A router has a lot more capabilities than other network devices, such as a hub or a switch that are only able to perform basic network functions. For example, a hub is often used to transfer data between computers or network devices but does not analyze or do anything with the data it is transferring. By contrast, routers can analyze the data being sent over a network, change how it is packaged, and send it to another network or over a different network

True or False: IPv4 addresses are 64 bits long (four bytes).

False; An example of an IPv4 address is 216.58.216.164, which is the front page of Google.com.

____________ is the protocol used to transfer data over the web. It is part of the Internet protocol suite and defines commands and services used for transmitting webpage data

HTTP

How is HTTPS similar to HTTP?

HTTPS is the same thing as HTTP but uses a secure socket layer (SSL) for security purposes

_________ is the latest version of IMAP. It is similar to POP3, but with additional features

IMAP4

The secure version of IMAP is called ________, which stands for IMAP over SSL

IMAPS

What happens if someone were trying to capture data being transferred via HTTPS?

If someone were to capture the data being transferred via HTTPS, it would be unrecognizable

What is a 'switch'?

On a network, a switch is a hardware device that filters and forwards network packets, but often not capable of much more

____________ was an early standard of POP that was only capable of receiving e-mail and required SMTP to send an e-mail

POP2

There are two different versions of POP: ___________ and ___________

POP2 and POP3

__________ is the latest standard and can send and receive e-mail only using POP, but can also be used to receive e-mail and then use SMTP to send an e-mail

POP3

What is a DNS?

Short for Domain Name System, a DNS is a service that receives a request containing a domain name hostname and responds with the corresponding IP address

What is IMAP?

Short for Internet Message Access Protocol, IMAP is a protocol for retrieving e-mail from a server, similar to POP

What is a LAN?

Short for local area network, a LAN has networking equipment or computers in close proximity to each other, capable of communicating, sharing resources and information.

What is a MAC address?

Short for medium access control, MAC addresses are known as a physical address and hardware address whose number is uniquely formatted in hexadecimal format and given to each computer or network device on a computer network

What are some examples of sites that use HTTPS?

Some examples of sites that use HTTPS include banking and investment websites, e-commerce websites, and most websites that require you to log in

What does HTTPS stand for?

Stands for "HyperText Transport Protocol Secure."

What does HTTP stand for?

Stands for "Hypertext Transfer Protocol."

What is considered the largest WAN in the world?

The largest WAN in the world is considered to be the Internet

True or False: A broadband modem is a hardware device that connects a computer or router to a broadband network.

True; For example, a Cable Modem and DSL modem are two examples of these types of Modems. Today, a "modem" is most often used to describe a broadband modem

True or False: Websites that use the standard HTTP protocol transmit and receive data in an unsecured manner

True; This means it is possible for someone to eavesdrop on the data being transferred between the user and the Web server

True or False: Access Point can refer to both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth devices.

True; This term can refer to both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth devices

True or False: Short for wide area network, WAN is a collection of computers and network resources connected via a network over a geographic area

True; Wide area networks are commonly connected either through the Internet or special arrangements made with phone companies or other service providers

Describe the process sending and receiving signals with a modem.

When sending a signal, the device converts ("modulates") digital data to an analog audio signal, and transmits it over a telephone line. Similarly, when an analog signal is received, the modem converts it back ("demodulates" it) to a digital signal

How does SMTP differ from POP or IMAP?

While it is mostly used for the transfer from one mail server to another, some client mail applications use SMTP for relaying messages; whereas receiving happens via POP or IMAP

What is an appropriate analogy for a firewall?

You could think of a firewall as a security guard that decides who enters or exits a building. A firewall works by blocking or restricting network ports. Firewalls are commonly used to help prevent unauthorized access to both company and home networks

Alternatively referred to as a base station and wireless router, an __________ is a wireless receiver which enables a user to connect wirelessly to a network or the Internet.

access point

Short for modulator/demodulator, a __________ is a hardware device that allows a computer to send and receive information over telephone lines

modem

A ___________ is more advanced than a hub but not as advanced as a router

network switch

The ____________ is a term first coined by Donald Davies in 1965 that is used to describe a segment of data sent from one computer or device to another over a network. You can think of it as a package filled with data being delivered to another area

packet

Short for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, SMTP is an Internet standard for the sending of e-mail messages over ___________

port 25

Short for __________, POP or POP mail is one of the most commonly used protocols used to receive e-mail on many e-mail clients.

post office protocol

A ________ is a hardware device designed to receive, analyze and move incoming packets to another network. It may also be used to convert the packets to another network interface, drop them, and perform other actions relating to a network

router