(29) Discrete Trial Training

History of DTT

-Ivar Lovaas -1960s -institutionalized children w/ autism -focus on attending to correct stimuli & emitting the correct communicative response

Maintenance Trials

-mastered skills "move into maintenance" -BCBA will reduce the number of times the skill is included in the set -Criteria set for further reductions -skill should occur in natural contexts

Stimulus Delta (SΔ)

-stimulus in the presence of which reinforcement is NOT available The "incorrect" stimulus

Discriminative Stimulus (SD)

-stimulus in the presence of which, reinforcement is available The "correct" stimulus

DIscrete Trial Training

An ABA-based intervention in which skills are task analyzed, and each of the smaller (discrete) skills are taught through repetition of stimulus presentation, prompting, and reinforcement.

Discrimination

Behavior occurs in the presence of specific stimuli but not in the presence of similar stimuli.

Generalization

Behavior that occurs in response to similar stimuli without additional training.

(T/F) Discrete Trial Training (DTT) is another name for Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA).

False

(T/F) Discrete Trials are usually presented at a slower pace so that the child with Autism has enough time to process what is being asked.

False

Behavior that occurs in response to similar stimuli without additional training.....

Generalization

Conditioned Reinforcement

Reinforcement that is learned via pairing with primary reinforcement.

Speeding up stimulus control

Remove SDelta until 100% mastery of SD, then mix it in gradually

Three-Term contingency

Stimulus-Response-Reinforcement

Multiple Exemplar Training

Teaching multiple examples of the SD and the SΔ until the concept is able to be applied to untrained stimuli

Primary Reinforcement

Unlearned, biologically innate reinforcement that does not require teaching, such as food.

Stimulus Control

When a stimulus reliably elicits a behavior even without direct, immediate reinforcement.

Cons of speeding up stimulus control

beware of prompting & reinforcement traps -failure to fade reinforcement as skills are obtained -failure to fade prompts as the skills are obtained