2nd semester USH final

Kennedy's "flexible response" plan called for * -a buildup of conventional weapons. -a reduction of military bases. -a reduction of the Special Forces. -a buildup of nuclear weapons

-a buildup of conventional weapons. Esienhower relied too mcu on nuclear weapons while JFK built up troops, conventional weapons and expanded special forces

In response to the recommendations of the Presidential Commission on the Status of Women, President Kennedy * -ordered an end to gender discrimination in the federal civil service. -established the Women's Bureau of the Department of Labor. -established a minimum wage for women in the workplace. -appointed a woman to his cabinet.

-ordered an end to gender discrimination in the federal civil service.

lasting impacts of vietnam war on US

1. credibility gap 2. congress takes greater control on president's role in commander in chief 3. cold war tactics and foreign polciies change 4. advancement in tech empasis in ed on STEM

D-Day

Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944 led by general eisenhower in normandy. allied bombing had destroyed german ability to fight, largest amphibious invasion in world history

The Korean War marked a turning point in the Cold War, leading to a major military buildup and to * -the expanded use of covert operations -the expansion of NATO in Europe -an increased focus on diplomacy -American military involvement in Asia

American military involvement in Asia

The Servicemen's Readjustment Act, popularly called the __________________________, boosted the economy by providing generous loans to veterans to help them establish businesses, buy homes, and attend college. *

GI bill

What was LBJ's domestic program called?

Great Society: intended to reduce poverty reduce racial injustice, reduce crime, and improve teh environment

The flowering of African American arts in the 1920s became known as the * -Harlem Renaissance -Glory Days -Great Migration -Great Awakening

Harlem renaissance

The strategy that employed attacking remote islands with strategic purposes and skipping those with none was known as _________________________. *

Island Hopping

Senator Joseph McCarthy's tactic of blackening reputations with vague and unfounded charges became known as __________________________. *

McCarthyism

Ford's assembly-line product was the ____________________, affectionately called the "Tin Lizzie" or "Flivver."

Model T

How did Navajo soldiers help the Allies regain islands in the Pacific during the war? * -Navajo soldiers were part of a tank battalion that halted the Axis forces at the Battle of the Bulge. -Navajo fighter pilots firebombed Japan cities once the Allies controlled Iwo Jima. -Navajo soldiers used their native language to code messages that the Japanese could not decipher. -Navajo fighter pilots escorted bombers to Nagasaki and Hiroshima

Navajo soldiers used their native language to code messages that the Japanese could not decipher.

According to the chart, what restriction did the Emergency Quota Act place on immigrants? * -Only temporary visas would be granted to 3 percent of the total immigrant population -Only 3 percent of any ethnic group's current population could be admitted each year -Up to 150,000 but no more than 3 percent of immigrants could be Hispanic -Only 3 percent of total immigrant population could be admitted each yea

Only 3 percent of any ethnic group's current population could be admitted each year

How did the successes of the Tuskegee Airmen and other African American units influence U.S. military policy? * -President Truman continued the policy of segregated armies. -President Roosevelt ordered the military to begin recruiting African Americans soldiers and officers. -President Roosevelt desegregated the military in 1941 following the creation of the 99th Pursuit Squadron. -President Truman fully integrated the military in 1948 following the war.

President Truman fully integrated the military in 1948 following the war.

What impact did the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) hearings have on Hollywood? * -Ronald Reagan was accused of being a Communist sympathizer -Many actors were denied passports and could not travel abroad -Actors were required to swear that they were not Communists -Producers blacklisted anyone who was believed to be a Communist

Producers blacklisted anyone who was believed to be a Communist

Which of the following New Deal agencies insisted that contractors could not discriminate against African Americans? * -National Recovery Administration (NRA) -Public Works Administration (PWA) -Civil Works Administration (CWA) -Farm Credit Administration (FCA

Public Works Administration (PWA)

Nixon's Vietnamization plan called for * -a massive invasion of North Vietnam to finally end the war. -South Vietnam to assume more of the fighting as American troops withdrew. -a simultaneous withdrawal of troops by North Vietnam and the United States. -a withdrawal of American troops from North Vietnam

South Vietnam to assume more of the fighting as American troops withdrew.

How did the Dawes Plan try to promote peace? * -The plan allowed U.S. banks to loan money to Germany so it could pay reparations -The plan set limits on the construction of new warships and required the Japanese navy to be smaller than those of the United States and Great Britain -It proposed a treaty to outlaw war -It increased tariffs on imports from Germany to pay reparations to France and Great Britain

The plan allowed U.S. banks to loan money to Germany so it could pay reparations

Discuss three major root causes of the Great Depression that were at work before the stock market crash of 1929?

The uneven distribution of income, loss of export sales, mistakes by the federal reserve, and overproduction

Which of the following was a reason that European nations did not deal more aggressively with Adolf Hitler when the Nazi regime in Germany was still weak? * -They feared that fascist movements would come to power in other European nations. -They believed the Nazis would want peace once they gained more territory. -They considered Nazi Germany to be a bulwark against Stalin and the Soviet Union. -They believed that Germany's military was far stronger than it actually was.

They believed the Nazis would want peace once they gained more territory.

In Gideon v. Wainwright, the Supreme Court ruled that, regardless of the ability to pay, a defendant in a state court had the right to * -a telephone call -a speedy trial -a lawyer -remain silent

a lawyer

Farmers on the Great Plains began to lose their crops during the Depression because * -the soil lost its fertility. -a fungus depleted the soil of nutrients. -frequent rains eroded the soil. -a terrible drought dried the soil

a terrible drought dried the soil.

steps taken by the civil rights act of 1964 to bring racial equality

banned unequal treatment based on race, national origins, and gender, in education, housing, employment, voting, access to public facilities, and service at businesses

The recession that began in 1990 was caused in part by the end of the Cold War, because the United States * -deregulated savings-and-loan institutions, many of which collapsed. -began reducing its armed forces and canceling orders for military equipment. -provided economic support to help rebuild Russia and Eastern Europe. -relied on deficit spending to build up the military to face new challenges

began reducing its armed forces and canceling orders for military equipment.

The federal government's termination policy, launched after World War II, was intended to * -bring Native Americans into mainstream society -end the dependence of poor Americans on government aid -end inner-city poverty by replacing slums with new high-rise buildings -offer Mexican laborers temporary work on American farms

bring Native Americans into mainstream society

In confrontations with other nations, President Eisenhower often used ___________________________, or going to the edge of war to force the other side to back down. *

brinkmanship

Stagflation

combination of rising prices and economic stagnation. higher government regulations, opec's oil embargo, rise of foreign competition, US factories lacked investment

Under the Cold War policy of ______________________, the United States aimed to keep communism within its present territory through the use of diplomatic, economic, and military actions. *

containment

In a scandal that tainted President Reagan's second term in office, money from the secret sale of weapons to Iran was given to the * -mujahadeen in Afghanistan. -Sandinistas in Nicaragua. -Marxists in Grenada. -contras in Nicaragua

contras in Nicaragua.

What problem developed for the Johnson administration as news reports continued to contradict its claims that the enemy was on the brink of defeat? * -a credibility gap -a reduction of protests -more guerrilla warfare -a rise in teach-ins

credibility gap

On October 22, 1962, President Kennedy announced that American spy planes had taken aerial photographs showing that the Soviet Union had placed long-range missiles in * -Central America -the Bahamas -Germany -Cuba Which of the following choices best completes the diagram about the agreement ending the Cuban missile crisis? *

cuba remove missiles from turkey

Cultural critics such as Bishop Fulton J. Sheen blamed juvenile delinquency on * -fear of nuclear war leading kids to act recklessly and with disregard for safety and social norms -kids who wanted to be part of the affluent society turned to organized crime as a get-rich-quick scheme -a lack of technical education in the nation's schools -cultural influences such as rock 'n' roll and comic books

cultural influences such as rock 'n' roll and comic books

In 1939, Mexico, Paraguay, Argentina, Costa Rica, and the United States all * -welcomed many refugees from war-torn Europe. -offered hope to Jews that they might escape the Holocaust. -denied entry to European Jews fleeing the Holocaust. -raised immigration quotas to accommodate refugees

denied entry to European Jews fleeing the Holocaust.

In Little Rock, Arkansas, the governor tried to prevent African American students from entering a white high school by * -closing the school. -hiring the Ku Klux Klan. -redrawing the school district. -deploying the National Guard.

deploying the National Guard.

1.what was the great migration and its impacts

during WWI blacks flocked north to work in the factories and escaped jim crow laws in the south, veterans came back to their jobs but the people stayed, mainstream, more rights, increased racial tensions

Many observers point to April 1970 and the celebration of ____________________ as the beginning of the environmental movement. * -Earth Day -the Endangered Species Act -the banning of DDT -Love Canal

earth day

In the 1920s, automobiles became affordable for the majority of Americans. How did automobiles affect life in America in the 1920s?

eased the isolation of rural families and let more people live farther from work, urban transportation was less popular, boosted industry (glass, rubber, oil)

For much of the twentieth century, ethnic Mexicans in California and the U.S. Southwest were segregated into barrios and also faced * -expanding opportunities. -laws banning bilingualism. -employment discrimination. -illegal immigration.

employment discrimination.

What was one purpose of Nixon's trip to China? * -negotiating an arms limitation treaty with the Chinese government -negotiating a treaty of alliance with China against the Soviet Union -encouraging the Soviets to more actively pursue diplomacy -confronting the Chinese government about its human rights violations

encouraging the Soviets to more actively pursue diplomacy

During World War II, women were recruited into the U.S. military to * -entertain the troops. -support their loved ones who had volunteered to fight. -serve in light combat. -ensure men were available for combat.

ensure men were available for combat.

Cold War

era of confrontation and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union

American ____________________ did not share in the prosperity of the 1920s, earning less than one-third of the average income for workers in the rest of the economy, due to an increase in production but a decrease in demand after WWI that lowered prices. *

farmers

After a campus-wide strike at the University of California at Berkeley, the Supreme Court upheld the students' rights to * -desegregated classes and dormitories. -freedom of speech and assembly on campus. -protest against university rules. -be taught by professors rather than graduate students

freedom of speech and assembly on campus.

deficit spending

government practice of borrowing money to pay for programs and not balancing the budget

President Reagan encouraged and promoted deregulation because he believed that * -the government must regulate key industries to maintain economic stability. -government regulations were excessive and hurt the economy. -free trade required effective regulation of major industries. -removing government regulations would increase the prices of goods and services Reaganomics?

government regulations were excessive and hurt the economy. lower taxes, high interest rates, removal of government regulations to encourage economic growth

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped protect civil rights, but it did not * -end segregation in public places. -end discrimination in employment. -guarantee the right to vote. -guarantee protection in the workplace.

guarantee the right to vote.

By 1968 the nation seemed to be divided into two camps: the "doves" who wanted to withdraw from Vietnam and the "____________________" who wanted to stay and fight. *

hawks

The purpose of the Marshall Plan was to * -punish Germany for its role in World War II -help Western Europe recover from World War II -keep Communist countries weak -help Germany form a new government

help Western Europe recover from World War II

1.The Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education ended racial segregation * -on trains. -on buses. -in public schools. -in private clubs. 2. In 1973 a big change in abortion laws and the right to privacy came with * -the Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade. -the Equal Rights Amendment. -Title IX of the Educational Amendments. -the Supreme Court decision in Griswold v. Connecticut.

in public schools the Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade.

Although the Reconstruction Finance Corporation loaned about $238 million to banks, railroads, and building-and-loan associations by early 1932, it failed to * -raise prices on agricultural products. -increase its lending sufficiently. -reduce government spending. -exercise sufficient caution

increase its lending suffieciency

The collapse of the Soviet Union's economy that began in the late 1980s was caused by * -revolutions in Eastern Europe and the destruction of the Berlin Wall. -President Reagan's policies of "trickle-down" economics. -Boris Yeltsin's outlawing of the Communist Party in Russia. -inefficient central planning and huge expenditures in the arms race

inefficient central planning and huge expenditures in the arms race.

Refer to the time line above and then identify two main goals for the civil rights movement. * -guaranteed college educations and integrated public facilities -integrated public facilities and the right to vote -a Vietnam War inquiry and an end to the draft -African American politicians and freedom of speech

integrated public facilities and the right to vote

One legacy of the New Deal is a continuing debate over how much the government should * -provide funding for the visual and performing arts. -intervene in the economy or support the disadvantaged. -address citizens directly through radio and other media. -protect American industries with high tariffs.

intervene in the economy or support the disadvantaged.

President Roosevelt's "court-packing plan" was a serious mistake because * -the angry judges reacted by striking down much of the New Deal legislation. -it appeared to interfere with the Constitution's separation of powers. -many Americans opposed the idea of forced retirement. -the angry judges struck down the plan as unconstitutional.

it appeared to interfere with the constitutions separation of powers

what did we do during the holocaust

lack of action bc we were too focused on winning the war, incomprehension of the news, and denial and disbelief of the actions done on that big of a scale

Some Americans turned to conservatism during the Cold War because they believed that * -liberal economic ideas were slowly leading the nation toward communism. -liberal organizations included many members of the Communist Party. -the liberal policy of confronting communism would lead the country into war. -liberals would not go to war, if necessary, to stop the spread of communism

liberal economic ideas were slowly leading the nation toward communism.

Although most Americans in the 1950s assumed that the country's prosperity provided everyone with a comfortable existence, at least one in five Americans * -did not have access to medical care -lived in crowded housing projects -lived below the poverty line -struggled against discrimination

lived below the poverty line

The American program to build an atomic bomb was code-named the __________________________. *

manhattan project

bank run

many depositors withdrawing their money at once

The ____________________, including radio, movies, newspaper, and magazines, fostered a sense of a shared experience that helped unify the nation * -mass media -"new morality" -bohemian life -fundamentalist movement

mass media

The National Origins Act of 1924 and the demand for cheap labor in the agricultural, mining, and railroad industries contributed to the large wave of immigration from * -Europe -South America -Mexico -Canada

mexico

Unlike other groups demanding more assimilation into mainstream society, many _________________________ wanted greater independence from it. *

natice americans

Why did Ku Klux Klan membership decline in the late 1920s? * -nativists' fears were dampened by new restrictions on immigration -the Supreme Court declared the Klan's activities unconstitutional -increased immigration from Europe softened nativists' attitudes -new anti-lynching laws were strictly enforced

nativists' fears were dampened by new restrictions on immigration

Although the Supreme Court had ordered an end to segregated public schools in 1954, many schools remained segregated in the early 1970s because * -Congress passed laws supporting the separation of races in public schools. -neighborhoods were still segregated and children went to neighborhood schools. -most African American children attended private schools rather than public schools. -many school districts ignored the Brown v. Board of Education decision.

neighborhoods were still segregated and children went to neighborhood schools.

Kennedy's legislative agenda was called the * Fair Deal Great Society New Frontier Square Dea

new frontier

The American economy grew rapidly in the 1980s for several reasons, including lower taxes that spurred investment and spending, new technology that created new business opportunities, and * -increased income for the wealthiest Americans. -new methods of retailing that lowered prices. -new efforts to solve social problems. -sharp cuts in government spending

new methods of retailing that lowered prices.

To end segregation and racism, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., advocated * -separation from white society. -nonviolent passive resistance. -educational self-improvement. -riots and vandalism.

nonviolent passive resistance.

President Hoover opposed direct federal relief to the unemployed because he believed that * -doing so would be the first step toward communism. -charities could provide sufficient relief. -federal relief would only shorten the Depression. -only state and city governments should dole out relief

only state and city governments should dole out relief.

The new morality of the 1920s glorified * -wealth -work -personal freedom -traditional values

personal freedom

Under urban renewal programs, slums were torn down and new high-rises were built for poor residents, but the new buildings were often * -unaffordable for the urban poor -noisy and vibrant -plagued by violence -available for only a short time

plagued by violence

Reagan Doctrine

policy of supporting guerilla groups fighting Communist or pro-Soviet governments

The Universal Negro Improvement Association was formed to * -promote black pride and unity -promote integration -protest the horrors of lynching -elect African Americans to Congress

promote black pride and unity

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) focused most of its energy on * -fighting segregation. -questioning American priorities. -protesting the Vietnam War. -arguing for free speech

protesting the vietnam war

During the 1930s, many Americans preferred movies, radio programs, and other forms of popular entertainment that * -created thrills with new special effects. -provided a release from daily worries. -focused on the homeless and unemployed. -evoked indignation at social injustice.

provided a release from daily worries.

President Kennedy's goal in the space race with the Soviet Union was for the United States to be the first to * -put a space station into orbit. -put a man into orbit. -put a man on the moon. -to put a man into space

put a man on the moon

As creditors foreclosed on nearly one million farms between 1930 and 1934, some farmers destroyed their crops in a desperate attempt to * -raise prices by reducing supply. -find ways to feed their families. -call public attention to their plight. -retaliate against their creditors

raise prices by reducing supply.

Warren G. Harding won the presidency by appealing to Americans' desire to -become a world power -return to life as it was before the war -reform society -repeal Prohibition

return to life as it was before the war

As part of his Southern strategy, Nixon took steps to * -slow desegregation. -balance the budget. -support prices for farm products. -increase school funding

slow desegregation

In the spring and summer of 1942, the Battle of the Atlantic slowly turned in favor of the Allies, due in part to new technology such as depth charges, radar, and * -sonar. -B-25 bombers. -mass production. -convoy systems.

sonar

The purpose of the Bay of Pigs invasion was to * -take over Cuba and make it an American protectorate. -force the Soviets to remove their missiles from Cuba. -support Fidel Castro's government in Cuba. -spark an uprising against Fidel Castro in Cuba.

spark an uprising against Fidel Castro in Cuba.

Scopes Trial

tested a Tennessee state law that banned the teaching of evolution

At the Tehran Conference, President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin agreed * -to name the invasion of France "Operation Overlord." -to return Mussolini to power in Italy. -that Allied forces would not land in Pas-de-Calais. -that the Soviet Union would help fight Japan after Germany was defeated

that the Soviet Union would help fight Japan after Germany was defeated.

Which event finally brought the United States into World War II? * -the sinking of the Reuben James -the formation of the Atlantic Charter -American outrage over racism in Nazi Germany -the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

The last, desperate German offensive of the war became known as * -the Nuremberg Trials. -the Battle of the Bulge. -V-E Day. -D-Day.

the battle of the bulge

Black Tuesday

the biggest drop of the 1929 stock market crash

President Nixon dismantled a number of federal programs and gave more control to state and local governments, a policy he called * -the New Federalism. -States' Rights. -the Nixon Doctrine. -détente.

the new federalism

The Nuremberg Laws * -required all Jewish Germans to move to concentration camps. -authorized German police to shoot Jewish Germans. -required all Jewish Germans to leave the country. -took citizenship away from Jewish Germans

took citizenship away from Jewish Germans.

Dr. King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail" was a defense of nonviolent protest. *

true

In the spring of 1963, Dr. King decided to launch demonstrations in Birmingham, Alabama, knowing they would probably provoke a violent response, because he believed that this was the only way to get President Kennedy to actively support civil rights. *

true

Providing for a $25 billion, 10-year project to build more than 40,000 miles of interstate highways, the Federal Highway Act of 1956 was the largest public works program in American history. *

true

Battle of Midway

turning point in the war that stopped the Japanese advance in the Pacific

how did the great depression affect people

unemploylment incresed, homes lost, construction of hoovervilles, boboes, hunger marches

In its 1978 University of California Regents v. Bakke decision, the Supreme Court ruled that * -the University of California had to admit Bakke to its medical program. -the University of California had not violated Bakke's civil rights. -universities could not use race as part of their admissions criteria. -universities could not use "fixed quotas" to maintain a diverse student body

universities could not use "fixed quotas" to maintain a diverse student body.

The purpose of the Selma March was to campaign for * -new desegregation laws. -job rights for African Americans. -voting rights for women. -voting rights for African Americans

voting rights for african americans

what finally ended the great depression. Economic recovery from the Great Depression would not be complete and unemployment would remain high until * -the Wagner Act became law. -the end of the Second New Deal. -after World War II. -deficit spending was stopped.

wwII after WWII