3. Buddhism

There are 7 works of( Abhidhamma Pitaka )which most scholars agree that don'trepresent the words of Buddha himself. The 7 books are

Dhammasangani : It contains a matrix which lists the classification of Dhammas or ideas. Vibhanga : It has 18 chapters dealing with different teachings of Buddhism. It is in 3 volumes and third volume is in question answer format. Dhatukatha: It has a matrix and various topics. Puggalapannatti : It has a matrix which deals with the list of the persons. Kathavatthu: It contains the debates and commentary on thoese debates. Yamaka : Yamaka has questions in pairs and understanding. Patthana : It also contains the questions and answers.

Sutta Pitaka: sections are:

Digha Nikaya: Comprises the "long" discourses. Majjhima Nikaya: Comprises the "middle-length". Samyutta Nikaya: Comprises the "connected" . Anguttara Nikaya : Comprises the "numerical". Khuddaka Nikaya: Comprises the "minor collection".

Udana is a Pali text included there in the Sutta Pitaka's Khuddaka Nikaya. It contains the story of .............

"Blind men and Elephant".

Dharmakirti lived in 7th century AD and was primary theorist of Buddhist Sankya. He was a teacher at the Nalanda University and a poet. He has written Seven Treatises on Valid Cognition. He has been called

"Kant of India'."Kant of India'.

Queen Mahamaya was the name of mother of Gautam Buddha. Hathras district of Uttar Pradesh was renamed as........, after Buddha's mother

"Mahamaya Nagar"

Gautama got married at the age of 16 with Yashodhara. She gave birth to a Son, Rahula. At the age of 29, while going to meet his subjects he encountered human sufferings such as old age, death and diseases. He used to ask his charioteer Channa about these sufferings. He deeply depressed by the truth that human life is momentary and one has to suffer a lot. He left his home at the age of 29 years, so that he could overcome old age, illness and death by living a life of an ascetic. This is called

"the great departure' or Mahabhinishkramana.

eight fold path ,,,,Wisdom ((Pragya Skanda))

1. Right view or Right Resolution 2. Right intention

The Buddhavamsa mentions 29 Buddhas in all. The 27 Buddhas, preceded Gautam Buddha and Maitreya, the 29th Buddha is next to come in future. Gautam Buddha was .............

28th Buddha.

eight fold path,,,,Concentration (Samadhi Skanda).

6. Right effort 7. Right mindfulness 8. Right concentration

.............. deals with the philosophy and doctrine of Buddhism appearing in the suttas. However, it does not contain the systematic philosophical treatises.

Abhidhammapitaka

It contains over 10 thousand suttas or sutras related to Buddha and his close companions. This also deals with the first Buddhist council which was held shortly after Buddha's death, dated by the majority of recent scholars around 400 BC, under the patronage of king ......presiding, at Rajgir.

Ajatasatru with the monk Mahakasyapa

Maitreya

Answer of the above question is Maitreya. Maitreya will be successor of Gautama Buddha. He is also known as Ajita Boddhisattva. He holds a "water phial" in his left hand. Earliest mention of Metteyya is in the Digha Nikaya 26 of the Pali Canon. It is said that he will arrive when oceans will decrease in size (that is why keeps a Kumbha or philial in his hand) and will rule the Ketumati Pure Land (Varanasi). Budai or Laughing Buddha is claimed to be an incarnation of Maitreya. Budai was a Chinese Zen monk who lived during the Later Liang Dynasty (907-923 CE) in China. In Japanese, he is called Hotei and is one of the seven Lucky Gods of Japan.

........were half brothers and proponents of Yogachara and Abhidhamma Teachings. They were from modern Peshawar in Pakistan. Most important work of Vasubandhu was Abhidharmamoksha.

Asanga & Vasubandhu

The most important turning point in the expansion of Buddhism in India was the emergence and conversion of Asoka the Great (304-232 BC). He embraced Buddhism after 8 years of his coronation, he became a Buddhist and made it his state religion in 260 BC. He convened the third Buddhist council, which was held in Pataliputra in the presidency of Moggaliputta Tissa. He launched a vigorous campaign to propagate Buddhism which could be called ............

Asoka's Dhamma.

Divyavadana means divine tales. It contains anthology in 38 stories and is a sankrit text which deals with Mauryan and Sunga History. The............ is a story in it which deals with the legends of Asoka.

Asokavadana

Avalokiteśvara

Avalokiteśvara encompasses all Buddhas. In China he is known as Guāìynīsnh Púsà , in tibetan as Chenrezig, in Thai as Avalokitesuarn. He is said to incarnate in Dalai Lama. he is depicted as holding a lotus flower. He is depicted as female also. A cave wall painting of Avalokiteśvara is devoted in Ajanta Caves as Padmapani.

Bodh Gaya is a religious site and place of pilgrimage associated with the Mahabodhi Temple Complex in Gaya district in the Indian state of .............. It is famous as it is the place where Gautama Buddha is said to have obtained Enlightenmen

Bihar

Lumbini:

Birth of Buddha.

Symbols of five major events in Buddha's Life Enlightment (Nirvana )

Bodhi Tree

............... is a mix Sanskrit Pali text which was composed by Upatissa under the rule of Mahinda IV of Sri Lanka in 10th century AD. It describes the arrival of branch of Bodhi tree in Sri Lanka and many other things which mentioned in Mahavamsa.

Bodhi Vamsa

The subject matter of Vinay Pitaka is the monastic rules for monks and nuns. It can also be called as ....

Book of Discipline.

Borobudur is located in Indonesia and comprises six square platforms topped by three circular platforms, and is decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues. It's a world Heritage site. There are 3 Buddhist temples which are known as ................

Borobudur Temple Compounds.

.......... is an epic style Sanskrit work by Ashavaghosa and was compiled in second century BC. Dharmaraksa who is known to have translated many works of Buddhism in Chinese, translated this work in Chinese in 420AD. It mainly deals with Buddha's Life. Asvaghosa also wrote a Sanskrit Drama "Sariputra Prakaran" which deals about Sariputta or Sariputra the disciple of Buddha.

Buddha Charita

The birth of Buddha is celebrated as Vesaka in some countries. In India, it is ...............

Buddha Purnima.

A Bodhisattva means one who has essence of enlightment. Anyone who has a spontaneous wish to attain ..............Bodhisattva. It's a very popular subject in Buddhist art. A bodhisattva is bound to enlightment and refers to all who are destined to become Buddhas in this life or another life. There are celestial bodhisattvas which are manifestations of Gautam Buddha

Buddhahood for the benefit of all is a

Mahayana: This sect believes in the heavenliness of Buddha and believes in Idol Worship. It is also called Bodhisattva Vehicle.Mahāyāna Buddhism spread from India to China, Japan, Vietnam, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan, and Mongolia. Zen, Pure Land, Tiantai, and Nichiren, Shingon and Tibetan Buddhism are traditions of Mahayana. Fundamental principles of Mahāyāna doctrine were based on the possibility of universal liberation from suffering for all beings (hence the"Great Vehicle") and the existence of ...................Nature. It allows salvation to bealternatively obtained through the grace of the Amitābha Buddha by having faith and devoting oneself to mindfulness of the Buddha. Believes in Mantras.

Buddhas and Bodhisattvas embodying Buddha

Sixth Buddhist Council : 1954Theravada Buddhist The Sixth Buddhist Council was held in 1954 in .................. Construction of Maha Passana Guha, which is very much similar to India's Sattapanni Cave where the first Buddhist Council had been held, was authorized by the government. It was aimed to preserve the genuine Dhamma and Vinaya Pitaka. It held under the presidency of Mahasi Sayadaw and Bhadanta Vicittasarabhivamsa. 500 buddhist scholars from 8 countries participated in this council.

Burma at Kaba Aye, in Yangoon under the patronage of Burmese Government led by Prime Minister U Nu

..................was a disciple of Nagarjuna and a scholar at the Nalanda University. Prasannapadā is his main work which means happy words or clear words

Candrakīrti or Chandrakirti

Dukkha Samudaya or

Cause of Sorrow : The cause of sorrows is desire. It is the un-fulfillment of human desires which leads him to the vicious cycle of births and rebirths.

Ellora Caves Ellora Caves represent Buddhist, jain and Hindu Rock cut temples built by Rastrakuta Kings. Earliest Buddhist cave is Cave 6; most caves of Buddhism are Viharas. Cave number 10 is a Chaitya hall also known as ....................... At heart of this cave is a 15 ft statue of Buddha seated in a preaching pose.

Chandrashala or Vishwkarma Cave and also known as carpenter's cave

Sutta Pitaka..... Digha Nikaya:

Comprises the "long" discourses.

Sutta Pitaka.....Majjhima Nikaya:

Comprises the "middle-length".

.Sutta Pitaka.....Khuddaka Nikaya:

Comprises the "minor collection".

Sutta Pitaka......Anguttara Nikaya :

Comprises the "numerical".

The concept of Nirvana in Buddhism is entirely different from the Hinduism. Buddhism denied the concept of Moksha, however it defines Nirvana has to getting rid of ............ It is achieved in the lifetime itself and not after death. To achieve nirvana one should follow moral code of Conduct.

Cycle of Death and birth

Kushinagar:

Death or mahaparinirvana

Gautama Buddha now preached his first sermon which deals with the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path, the core pillars of Buddhist teaching regarding the intrinsic suffering of existence and how to deal with it. This was called

Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta.

Four Noble Truths: Buddha in Dhammachakraparivartan taught four noble truths. They are the core teachings of Buddhism.

Dukkha or "Sorrow" : Dukkha Samudaya or Cause of Sorrow : Dukkha Nirodha or Prevention of Sorrow: Dukkha Nirodha Gamini Patipada Magga or The path of Prevention of Sorrow:

Bodhgaya:

Enlightment of Buddha.

Sarnath:

First sermon or Dhammachakraparivartan

A Yana is a vehicle. A Hinayana is a lesser vehicle while a Mahayan is a ................

Great vehicle.

Manjusri:

He is known as Wénshū in Chinse, Jampelyang in Tibetan and is a menifestation of great wisdom and meditation. Mñajuśrī is depicted as a male bodhisattva wielding a flaming sword in his right hand.

Both adopt one and the same Vinaya, and they have in common the prohibitions of the five offenses, and also the practice of the Four Noble Truths. Those who venerate the bodhisattvas and read the Mahāyāna sutras are called the Mahāyānists, while those who do not perform these are called the ...................

Hīnayānists

Milinda Panha means "Questions of Milinda". It contains the dialogue of ............. It has been written in second to first century BC and initially written in Sanskrit. There is only one copy in Sri Lankan Pali of this work. It was printed in the 6th Buddhist council in 1954.

Indo-Greek king Meander and Buddhist monk Nagasena

Dhammasangani( Abhidhamma Pitaka )

It contains a matrix which lists the classification of Dhammas or ideas.

Kathavatthu( Abhidhamma Pitaka ):

It contains the debates and commentary on thoese debates.

Bodhi Tree It's a Pipal Tree (Ficus Religiosa) and known as Bo in Sri Lanka. Located in Bodh Gaya. Under this tree Gautama attained enlightment. The current tree is a descendent of the original tree. There are other Bodhi trees as well viz. Anandabodhi tree in Sravasti and the Bodhi tree (Bo) or also known as .......... in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka and both of them have been propagated from the original tree. It is also known as oldest living Human Planted tree in the world with a known planting date.

Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi planted in 288 BC

The second Buddha of the present Kalpa was Koṇāgamana. Third Buddha was Kassapa. In Sanskrit Buddhist texts, he is known as............. He was also born in Nepal and attained enlightment under a Banyan Tree

Kasyapa.

• Vinay Pitaka,,,, Khandhaka

Khandhaka is the second book of Vinay Pitaka. It has two volumes viz. Mahavagga and Cullavagga. Mahavagga deals with the awakening of Buddha and his great disciples. Cullavagga deals with the first and second Buddhist councils and establishments of community of Buddhist nuns and rules for Buddhist community.

The fifth Maitreya is a future Buddha. The first among these 5 Buddhas of the present Kalpa is Kakusandha. Kakusandha is mentioned in the Sanskrit Buddhist texts as Krakucchanda. In Tibet he is known as ........ He was born in Nepal, near Kapilvastu. He attained enlightment under a Sirisa tree.

Khorvadjig

Jatakas are very much close to folklore literature and they contain the tales of previous births of Buddha in poems. The Jataka have also been mentioned in the ........ In Sanskrit it is called Jatakamala, In Khmer they are known as cietak, and in Chinese they are called Sadok.

Khuddaka Nikaya. There are 547 poems

Third Buddhist Council: 250 BC Third Buddhist council was held in 250 BC at Pataliputra under the patronage of..................... The teachings of Buddha which were under two baskets were now classified in 3 baskets as Abhidhamma Pitaka was established in this council, and they were known as "Tripitaka". It also tried to settle all the disputes of Vinaya Pitaka

King Asoka and under the presidency of Moggaliputta Tissa

Fifth Buddhist Council: 1871 Fifth Buddhist Council took place in 1871 under the patronage of............. It was presided by Jagarabhivamsa, Narindabhidhaja, and Sumangalasami. The idea was to recite all the teachings of the Buddha and examine them systematically if any of them was dropped or altered

King Mindon in Mandalay, Burma

Ksitigarbha

Ksitigarbha is usually depicted as a Buddhist monk in the Orient / East Asia. Ksitigarbha means Earth Womb. he is regarded as Bodhisattva of Earth or Hell beings or Mortals. He is regarded as guardian of children and patron deity of deceased children and aborted fetuses in Japanese culture. he carries a staff. Ksitigarbha, Samantabhadra, Manjusri, and Avalokitesvara are the principal Bodhisattvas of East Asian Mahayana Buddhism.

Fourth Buddhist Council: 72AD The Fourth Buddhist Council was held at ...............in 72 AD under the patronage of Kushan king Kanishka and thepresident of this council was Vasumitra, with Aśvaghosa as his deputy. This council distinctly divided the Buddhism into 2 sects Mahayan & Hinayan.Another Fourth Buddhist Council was held at Tambapanni (one name of Sri Lanka) at Aloka Lena under the patronage of Vattagamani-Abaya. However, most scholars agree that this was not eligible to be called a Council as it was not under a kingbut a local chieftain. This council is also related to the cruel policy of vattagamani-Abaya towards Jains, as it is said that a jainpremises was destroyed and a Mahayan temple was built.

Kundalvana, Kashmir

Aśvaghosa is the Greatest Indian Poet Prior to Kalidasa. he is known as first Sanskrit Dramatist. His epics rivaled the contemporary Ramayana. He wrote Buddhist texts in Classical Sanskrit. He was the court writer and religious advisor of ........... His main works are Buddhacharita, Mahalankara (Book of Glory) and Saundaranandakavya (details the life of Nanda).

Kushana king Kanishka.

Pushpagiri University: ..................are the part of the Puspagiri University which flourished till 11th century in Orissa. They lie atop the Langudi hills in Jajpur and Cuttak of Orissa.

Lalitgiri, Ratnagiri and Udayagiri

In Sanskrit Lalit is a Lotus........... is a Sanskrit text that deals with the biography of Buddha

Lalitvistara

The Ajanta Caves in Aurangabad district of ...........India are about 30 rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments which date from the 2nd century BCE to about 480 or 650 CE

Maharashtra,

Mahavamsa is the most important Pali epic poem. Mahavamsa means "Great Chronicle". It's a historical poem in Pali Language which deals about the Kings of Sri Lanka. The first version of Mahavamsa dates back to 3-4th century BC during the reign of King Vijaya. The Mahavamsa, Dipavamsa, Culavamsa (small chronicle) all together are sometimes known as ........ It deals with the royal dynasties of not only Sri Lanka but the whole Indian subcontinent and is known as world's longest unbroken historical accounts. The consecration of Asoka and details of Selucus and Alexander have been detailed in it.

Mahavamsa.

Nagarjunkonda Nagarjunkonda is near .........h. Once, it was home to more than 30 Buddhist Viharas (Buddhist universities and monasteries), attracting students from as far as China, Gandhara, Bengal and Sri Lanka. Nagarjunkonda was one the largest and most important Buddhist centers in South India from the second centuary BC until the third century AD. It was named after Nagarjuna, a renowned Buddhist scholar and philosopher, who had migrated here from Amaravati to propagate and spread the Buddha's message of universal peach and brotherhood. Remains were discovered in 1926 by archaeologist AR Saraswati in 1926.

Nagarjun Sagar in Andhra Prades

Ajanta Caves Ajanta Caves are 31 rock cut caves from 2nd to 8th century AD, located in Aurangabad. The first caves called Chaityas were created during Satavahana Dynasty. Cave No. 1 has the painting of................Painted narratives of the Jataka tales are depicted on the walls.

Padmapani and Vajrapani.

.(village Antichak, district Bhagalpur, Bihar)Vikramshila. ........Odantapuri & Somapapuri (Muzaffarpur Bihar) were the Buddhist Viharas founded by

Palas.

Dukkha Nirodha or

Prevention of Sorrow: It is possible to prevent sorrow. Man can get rid of sorrow by triumphing over the desires.

.........was his son, who became disciple at the age of 7. Buddha's parinirvāṇa happened at Kuśinagara at the age of 80 years

Rahula

Rajgir

Rajgir has got the name from Raj Griha meaning the abode of the king. The city was the capital of the mighty Magadha Empire during the period of Lord Buddha's lifetime when Patliputra was not formed. Rajgir is 14 kms from Nalanda

Ellora is an archaeological site, 29 km North-West of the city of Aurangabad in the Indian state of Maharashtra built by the................. It is also known as Elapura. Well known for its monumental caves, Ellora is a World Heritage Site

Rashtrakuta dynasty.

Samantabhadra

Samantabhadra means Universal Worthy and he is associated with meditation. Known as Fugen Bosatsu in Japanese and very popular in Japan among the Tendai and Shingon sects. His manifestation is Action and he is key figure in Flower Garland Sutra.

Two gems of Buddhism viz. Buddha and Dhamm ware now ready. The five disciples and Buddha formed the first union of Buddhism, which is called ............. The reaming years of life, Buddha travelled many parts of the country, established the Sangha, and propagated his teachings. Thousands of people joined Sangha and these Sanghas spread in many parts.

Sangha. So, with the formation of a Sangha, the three gems of Buddhism (Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha) were completed

As promised previously Buddha now travelled to Magadha, the capital of King Bimbisara. During this visit Sariputta(who later founded Theravada tradition) and Mahamoggallana became Buddha's disciples. .............. comprised the five chief disciples. His ten foremost disciples were completed by the quintet of Upali, Subhoti, Rahula, Mahakaccana and Punna

Sariputta, Mahamoggallana, Mahakasyapa, Ananda and Anuruddha

Sravatthi

Savatthi was located on the banks of the river Aciravati (now called the Rapti river). It was the capital city of the kingdom of Kosala, and its king was called Pasenadi, who was a disciple of Buddha. It is a beautiful city with vast amounts of agriculture and diversity. Buddhaghosa says[1] that, in the Buddha's day, there were fifty-seven thousand families in Savatthi, and that it was the chief city in the country of Kasi Kosala, which was three hundred leagues in extent and had eighty thousand villages. He stated the population of Sávatthi to have been 180 million(

Gautam Buddha was son of Shuddodhana a leader of the ........... The capital of this Sakya clan was Kapilvastu and it was not a monarchy but a sort of Republic.

Shakya clan

While meditating under a Pipal tree on the bank of river Niranjana at Gaya, he came across the desired truth, at the age of 35 years and after 49 days of meditating. He was now called Buddha or

Shakyamuni Buddha" which means the Buddha of Shakya Clan.

Nagarjuna founded the Madhyamika school of Mahayan Buddhism. He was contemporary of Satavahana King Gautamiputra.He was born in a Brahmin family in Nagarjunkonda in modern Andhra Pradesh. Due to his birth in Brahmin family and later conversion in Buddhism, it can be justified that his early work was in sanskrit and not in Pali or Hybrid sanskrit. Most important work is Mūlamadhyamakakārikā , which means Fundamental Verses on the Middle Way. His theory is also known as ...........

Shunyavad "emptiness

.........Buddhist councils have been convened.

Six

Hinayana: Also called "Deficient Vehicle", the "Abandoned Vehicle", or the "Defective Vehicle". It believes in the original teaching of Buddha. Don't believe in Idol Worship and try to attain individual salvation through self discipline and meditation. ...............is a Hinayana sect, which follows the "doctrine of elders". Asoka Patronized Hinayan and Pali the language of masses was use by the Hinayan scholars

Stharvivada or Thervada

Angkor Wat Angkor Wat is located in Cambodia. The temple complex was built by .............and it was first devoted to Vishnu and later to Buddhist.

Suryavarman II

Tripitaka or Three Baskets is a traditional term used for various Buddhist scriptures. It is known as pali Canon in English. The three pitakas are

Sutta Pitaka, Vinaya Pitaka and Abhidhamma Pitaka.

The first disciples of Buddha after becoming enlightened were two merchants named .......... After becoming enlightened, he sought to find his former teachers Arada and Udaka to teach them, but they had died. He then looked for Kaundinya and other companions.

Tapussa and Bhallika.

• Vinay Pitaka ,,,,Suttavibhanga:

The basic code of Monastic discipline is known as Patimokkha. It contains 227 rules for fully ordained Monks called bikkhus (Maha vibhanga) and 311 rules for fully ordained nuns called Bikkhunis (Bikkhuni Vibhanga) They are contained in Suttavibhanga, one of the parts of Vinay Pitaka.

Dukkha Nirodha Gamini Patipada Magga or

The path of Prevention of Sorrow: Man can avoid Dukkha by avoiding extremes of life and following middle path or Madhyam Patipada. The life of moderation and self control along with pursuance of 8 fold path is essential to prevent the Dukkh

Dukkha or "Sorrow" :

The world is full of sorrow and everything from birth to death brings sorrows in life.

Buddhaghosa lived the 5th century AD and is known to be one of the greatest Pali scholar. His name means " Voice of Buddha".Considered to be most important commentator of the ............. Details of his life have been described in Mahavamsa and Buddhaghosuppatti. Please note Buddhaghosuppatti was not his work. He is said to have gone to Sri Lanka from India's Magadha and settled in Anuradhapura. The most important work is Visuddhimagga.

Theravada

........ is an early Buddhist sanskrit text. It has verses attributed to Buddha and his disciples.

Udanavarga.

Vaishali

Vaishali was a city in Bihar, India, and is now an archeological site. It was the capital city of the Licchavi, considered one of the first example of a republic, in the Vajjian Confederacy (Vrijji) mahajanapada, around the 6th century BCE. It was here in 599 BCE the 24th Jain Tirthankara, Bhagwan Mahavira was born and brought up in Kundalagrama in Vaiśālī republic, which makes it a pious and auspicious pilgrimage to Jains. Also Gautama Buddha preached his last sermon before his death in c. 483 BCE, then in 383 BCE the Second Buddhist council was convened here by King Kalasoka, making it an important place in both Jain and Buddhist religions.[1][2][3] It contains one of the best-preserved of the Pillars of Ashoka, topped by a single Asiatic lion.

Its an early Sanskrit work on Buddhism. Vibhasa means a compendium and has 3 prongs. It is attributed to vasumitra and deals with not only Buddhism but also ,,,,,,,,,

Vaisheshika and Samkya philosophies.

Vajrapani

Vajrapani is depicted as one of the 3 protective deities around Buddha, other are Manjusri and Avlokiteshwara. Vajrapani manifests Buddha's power, Manjusri manifests Buddha's wisdom and Avlokiteshwara manifests Buddha's compassion. In Japan a dharma protector called Nio is also Vajrapani.

Second Buddhist Council : 383 BC It was held in 383 BC. This idea of this council was to settle a dispute on ........... The dispute was on 10 Points such as storing salt in horn, eating after midday, eating once and going to villages for alms, eating sour milk after one's meal etc. It was not settles and Buddhism sects appeared for the first time. The subgroups were Sthaviravada, Mahasanghika and Sarvastivada. It was held at Vaishali under the patronage of King Kalasoka and the presidency of Sabakami. Sthaviravada followed the teachings of the elders and Mahasanghika became extinct later. Sthaviravada later continued till 3rd Buddhist council

Vinaya Pitaka, the code of discipline

Symbols of five major events in Buddha's Life First Sermon (Dhammachakraparivartan)

Wheel

Yamaka( Abhidhamma Pitaka ) :

Yamaka has questions in pairs and understanding.

The Trident in Buddhism Images At times the Buddha is presented as part of a trident,

a symbol of the TRIRATNA, or Triple Jewels—BUDDHA (the teacher), DHARMA (the Teaching), SANGHA (community)—that constitute the core of the faith.

Gautam Buddha founded Buddhism and is known as Supreme Buddha or ..........

ammāsambuddha or samyaksaṃbuddha.

Kaundinya & 4 others became the first human beings to be taught Buddha 's teaching and become an .......... This event took place at Deer Park near Varanasi.

arhat (spiritual practitioner)

Bamyan Caves: They are located in Afghanistan and have statues represented the classic blended style of Gandhara art of 6th century, They were the largest examples of standing Buddha carvings in the world, before they were blown by ...............

dyanamite by Taliban in 2001.

Mahavastu means the "Great Event". It's a work in prose and verse and is written in Sanskrit, Pali and Prakrit. It details the miracles of

earlier lives of Buddha.

The meaning of Dipavamsa is "Chronicle of Island". It is the oldest historical record of Sri Lanka. It is believed to have been compiled around 3rd or 4th century BC somewhere in Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka during the reign of King Dhatusena of Sri Lanka, the .......... The Avukana Buddha statue was erected by King Dhatusena in Sri Lanka. Dipavamsa is one of the most important works in Pali Literature. It details the tooth relic and Bodhi Tree's arrival in Sri Lanka. It also deals with the arrival of Buddha's teaching and preachers in Sri Lanka. It mentions that Buddha visited Kelaniya and Dighavapi in Sri Lanka

first Mauryan King of Sri Lanka

He first went to Rajgriha Rajgaha or Rajgir. He started begging alms over there and living life of an ascetic. The King Bimbisara after a request from Shuddodhana, launched a search and Siddhartha was recognized by the men of Bimbisara. Bimbisara offered him a throne, but Gautama refused. He left Rajgir but promised Bimbisara to visit his capital Magadha, later. Siddartha studied under two............. He achieved high knowledge and was asked to succeed Udaka, but he was not satisfied with the path and his goal so he refused.

hermits Alara and Udaka.

•Vinay Pitaka ,,,, Parivara: Parivara

is the last book of Vinaya Pitaka. It covers the summary of analysis of rules mentioned in first two books of Vinay Pitaka. Its is latest book and seems to be later than the Fourth Buddhist Coincil in Ceylon. It also contains questions and answers.

He wasborn in Lumbini, a little principality of Kapilvastu in ......... His childhood name was Siddhartha.

modern day Nepal.

First Buddhist Council: 400 BCHeld soon after the mahaparinirvana of the Buddha, around 400 BC under the patronage of king Ajatshatru with the monk Mahakasyapa presiding, at Rajgriha, in the Sattapani Cave. The idea was to.............for disciples (Vinaya). Ananda , one of the great disciples of Buddha recited Suttas and Upali, another disciple recited Vinaya. Abhidhamma Pitaka was also included.

preserve Buddha's teachings (Sutta) and rules

Buddhahood in Sanskrit is Buddhatva. In Pali is it called Buddhatta or buddhabhava. It is the state of perfect enlightment attained by a Buddha. The perfect enlightment is ................. in Pali. This refers to the universal and innate property of absolute wisdom. Buddhism gave the greatest shock to Vedic religion in those times.

sammasambodhi

The experiments with the life of ascetics could not bring desired fruits for Gautama. He left the Udaka, and moved on with 5 companions who were led by Kaundinya. They set out for more austerity. They tried enlightment through total deprivation of possessions including food. This led him to starving near death condition, and one day he collapsed into a river and almost drowned. This led him to reconsider the path. He started moving away from ascetics and moving closer to meditating and this is called .............. He accepted milk and rice pudding from a village girl called Sujata.

the Middle Path, the path of having oneself away from extreme self-indulgence and extreme self-mortification

Eight Fold Path or Astangika marg The eight fold path was recommended to eliminate the human misery. It comprises of three basic divisions of Wisdom

wisdom (Pragya Skanda), Ethical Conduct (Sheel Skanda) And Concentration (Samadhi Skanda).

Bodh Gaya Bodh Gaya was known as Bodhimanda, Uruvela, Sambodhi, Vajrasana and Mahabodhi till 18th century when Bodh Gaya name became popular. It has the Mahabodhi temple and Bodhi tree. It became Unesco ..........site in 2002.

world heritage

Astamahasthanas are 8 great holy places. 4 are as follows:.................are known as Astamahasthanas

• Lumbini: Birth of Buddha. • Bodhgaya: Enlightment of Buddha. • Sarnath: First sermon or Dhammachakraparivartan • Kushinagar: Death or mahaparinirvana Sravasti, Sankasya, Rajgir and Vaishali

eight fold path,,,Ethical conduct (Sheel Skanda)

3. Right speech 4. Right action 5. Right livelihood

Akasagarbha

Akasagarbha is boundless as space. He is known as twin brother of Ksitigarbha. He is manifestation of wisdom.

Important 8 Bodhisattvas are as follows:

Avalokiteśvara Manjusri: Samantabhadra Ksitigarbha Maitreya Vajrapani. Sadāparibhūta Akasagarbha

..Sutta Pitaka....Samyutta Nikaya:

Comprises the "connected"

Amaravati: Amarawati in Andhrapradesh's Guntur district is also known as .................and was the site of a great Buddhist Stupa built in pre-Mauryan times, ruled by Satavahana kings.

Dhanyakataka or Dharanikota

........... is considered to be the founder of Buddhist logic.

Dignāga or Dinnaga:

Symbols of five major events in Buddha's Life The Great Departure (Mahabhinishkramana)

Horse

Patthana ( Abhidhamma Pitaka ):

It also contains the questions and answers.

Vibhanga( Abhidhamma Pitaka ) :

It has 18 chapters dealing with different teachings of Buddhism. It is in 3 volumes and third volume is in question answer format.

Dhatukatha( Abhidhamma Pitaka ):

It has a matrix and various topics.

Puggalapannatti ( Abhidhamma Pitaka ):

It has a matrix which deals with the list of the persons.

The Buddhavamsa related that in the present Kalpa, there are 5 Buddhas.

Kakusandha Koṇāgamana Kassapa Gautama Maitreya

Symbols of five major events in Buddha's Life Buddha's Birth

Lotus & Bull

Sadāparibhūta

Sadāparibhūta is a Bodhisattva which manifests "never disparaging" spirit.

Sankasya,

Sankasya is one of these and is associated with a miracle performed by the Buddha. It is said that when the Buddha ascended to Trayastrimsa heaven in order to teach Abhidhamman to his mother when he descended after 3 months it was at the village of Sankasya. This legend is marked in a lot of Buddhist art

Symbols of five major events in Buddha's Life Death (Parinirvana)

Stupa