3

Dreams are more likely to be coherent in plot than emotionally gripping. True False

False

Dreams are most likely to be vivid during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, whereas images are vaguer and more fleeting during rapid eye movement sleep (REM) sleep. True False

False

In their continuing research, psychologists have come to define consciousness in only one way, as the continuing self in the world. True False

False

Insomnia is a sleep disorder in which the air passages are obstructed. True False

False

PCP, or phencyclidine, is an opioid whose name is an acronym for its chemical structure. True False

False

Psychophysicist Ernst Weber discovered through laboratory research that the threshold for perceiving differences in the intensity of light. His research became known as the difference threshold. True False

False

Women seem less affected by alcohol than men because they have more of an enzyme called aldehyde dehydrogenase, which metabolizes alcohol in the stomach. True False

False

Which of the following best defines the term preconscious? It refers to material that is not in awareness but can be brought into awareness by focusing one's attention. It refers to sensory awareness of the world outside, direct inner awareness of one's thoughts and feelings, personal unity, and the waking state. It refers to the deliberate placing of certain ideas, impulses, or images out of awareness It refers to ideas and feelings that are not available to awareness.

It refers to material that is not in awareness but can be brought into awareness by focusing one's attention.

Which of the following substances is classified as a barbiturate? Marijuana Nembutal Nicotine Demerol

Nembutal

In the context of pain, which of the following statements is true? Pain is usually sharpest where nerve endings are densely packed. Headaches originate through nerve endings present in the brain Pain does not reverberate throughout the nervous system. Modern research shows that acupuncture works by balancing the body's flow of energy.

Pain is usually sharpest where nerve endings are densely packed.

Active touching means continuously moving your hand along the surface of an object so that you continue to receive sensory input from the object. True False

True

Biofeedback training is a system that provides information about a bodily function so the organism can gain control of that function. True False

True

In psychodynamic theory, descriptive information that is not in awareness, but can be brought into awareness by focusing one's attention (i.e. What did I eat for breakfast this morning? or What is my cell phone number?), is called preconscious material. True False

True

Odors trigger firing of receptor neurons in the olfactory membrane high in each nostril. True False

True

People with frequent nightmares are more likely than others to have anxiety, depression, and other psychological problems. True False

True

Prolonged exposure to secondhand smoke during childhood is a risk factor for cancer of the throat. True False

True

Sleep terrors, bedwetting, and sleepwalking are all deep sleep disorders that occur during deep (stage 3 or 4) sleep. True False

True

The difference between sensation and perception is that sensation, or the stimulation of our senses, is an automated process resulting from sources of energy (light and sound) or the presence of chemicals (as in taste and smell), while perception is an active process in which sensations are organized and interpreted to form an inner representation of the world. True False

True

Your friends had to tell what the painting meant because all you could see was a bunch of random dots on the canvas. You are most likely using Bottom-up processing. True False

True

_____ is the fraction of the intensity by which a source of physical energy must be increased or decreased so that a difference in intensity will be perceived. Subliminal stimulation The absolute threshold Weber's constant Newton's constant

Weber's constant

When you first wake up in the morning and turn your lights on, the _______________ changes shape to keep out some of the light so it does not damage the eye. retina cornea iris sclera

iris

When Kendall picked up her puppy, she did not realize that he'd gained a pound since the last time she picked him up. This small increase in weight is not big enough to be a difference threshold. just noticeable difference. signal-detection theory. correct rejection.

just noticeable difference.

The__________adjusts or accommodates to an image by changing its thickness. cornea pupil iris lens

lens

People with __________ stop breathing periodically, up to several hundred times per night. insomnia narcolepsy sleep apnea sleep terrors

sleep apnea

Ray often wakes up at night talking loudly and incoherently. During this time, his heart rate increases, and he recalls vague images of someone pressing on his chest. However, he is never fully awake and returns to sleep. In the context of sleep disorders, Ray is exhibiting symptoms of _____. sleep terrors nightmares insomnia somnambulism

sleep terrors