30.1 Respiratory and circulatory functions(try one, failure)

What are the three functions of the circulatory system?

1. Provide oxygen and nutrients 2. Remove carbon dioxide from the blood 3. Regulating temperature

Number the following parts of the body to show the path that air takes after reaching the lungs to exhale CO2. 1. alveoli 2. trachea 3. bronchiole 4. bronchi 5. lungs (IMPORTANT)

1;3;4;5;2

Number the following parts of the body to show the path that air takes after reaching the lungs. 1. alveoli 2. trachea 3. bronchiole 4. lungs

4;1;3;2

The blood circulates through a closed system—that is, blood in the circulatory system stays inside the vessels. The average adult body contains about 5 liters (more than 5 qt) of blood. On average, your blood circulates from your heart, throughout your body, and back to your heart about every ............ seconds.

60

When you swallow, a small piece of tissue, the ___________, closes off the entrance to the trachea.

Epiglottis

How do the structures in the lungs increase their surface area?

Many alveoli are present in the lungs with a shape that further increases surface area

True or False Large surface area is needed in the lungs in order to absorb enough oxygen to supply the body and to expel excess carbon dioxide and water vapor.

True

True or False The respiratory and circulatory systems work closely together to maintain homeostasis in the face of constant change.

True

__________ carry blood from the body to the heart

Vein

movements of the diaphragm while exhaling and inhaling:

When you inhale, movements of the rib cage and diaphragm produce lower pressure in the lungs, and air flows in. When you exhale, rib cage and diaphragm movements produce higher pressure in the lungs, and air flows out.

Why can't you breathe through your mouth while you are swallowing food? What would happen if you could do this?

When you swallow, the epiglottis closes the trachea to keep food and saliva out of the airways. If you tried to breath and swallow, you will choke

Oxygen diffuses into the blood from the:

alveoli

The lungs

are the organs that absorb O2 from the air you inhale.

circulatory system has three types of blood vessels:

arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Arteries are:

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.

Veins are:

blood vessels that carry blood from the rest of the body back to the heart.

The trachea divides into the two ........................, with one branch going to each lung.

bronchi

Inside the lungs, the bronchi divide into smaller and smaller branches. The smallest branches, the ................................., end in clusters of tiny air sacs called ............................... One air sac is called an alveolus. The lungs have a huge number of alveoli—from 300 to 600 million.

bronchioles, alveoli

arteries carry oxygen-rich blood and veins carry oxygen-poor blood. In your body, oxygen-poor blood is a darker red color. Arteries and veins are connected by a system of ......................

capillaries

What is the word that means " tiny air sacs in the lungs."

Alveoli

Which is the correct path of blood as it leaves the heart and returns to the heart?

Arteries-capillaries-veins

__________ carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body

Artery

Arteries and veins are equally distributed throughout the body. How does this arrangement help to maintain the functions of each cell?

Because veins carry oxygen poor blood away from organs and the arteries bring oxygen rich blood to the organ, so the cells remain in a homeostatic state

Number the following phrases to show the sequence of events that happens when you exhale. a)__________ air flows out . b)__________ air pressure inside the lungs increases. c)__________ muscles of the rib cage relax, making the rib cage smaller, and the diaphragm relaxes, causing it to rise.

C, B, A

__________ tiny blood vessels that transport blood to and from cells

Capillaries

__________________ which type of blood vessels pass nutrients through them in order to reach the body's cells.

Capillaries

The main functions of the _____________________ system include transporting blood, bringing supplies to cells and carrying away wastes, and separating oxygen-poor blood from oxygen-rich blood.

Circulatory

To maintain a steady body temperature during hot / cold weather, blood vessels constrict to conserve heat. During hot / cold weather, the heart pumps harder and the blood vessels dilate to bring excess heat to the skin.

Cold/hot

The large dome-shaped muscle at the base of the rib cage is the ________________.

Diaphragm

What structure prevents food from entering the air passages to the lungs?

epiglottis

Lung tissue is spongy and elastic, which allows the lungs to:

expand and contract as you breathe.

The main parts of the circulatory system are the:

heart, the blood, and the blood vessels.

The diaphragm

is a dome-shaped muscle at the base of the rib cage.

The trachea

is a long structure made of soft tissue reinforced with C-shaped rings of cartilage.

The heart

is a muscular pump, about the size of your fist, that keeps the blood moving to every part of the body.

The respiratory system

is the body system in which gas exchange takes place. The blood can pick up oxygen (O2) and deposit excess carbon dioxide (CO2). The lungs of the respiratory system are the only place in your body where gases in the blood are exchanged with gases from the atmosphere.

The circulatory system

is the body system that transports blood and other materials. It brings vital supplies to the cells and carries away their wastes. The organization of the blood vessels in the circulatory system also keeps oxygen-poor blood from mixing with oxygen-rich blood.

When you swallow, the epiglottis closes the entrance to the trachea to:

keep food or saliva from entering the airways.

This huge number of alveoli gives the lungs a:

massive surface area for absorbing O2 and releasing CO2 and water vapor.

When you exhale, the rib cage muscles do what?

relax, and the rib cage becomes smaller. The diaphragm also relaxes, causing it to rise and regain its domelike shape. Now the air pressure inside your lungs is greater than the air pressure outside your body, so air flows out.

The main function of the _____________________ system is exchanging gases in the blood with gases from the atmosphere.

respiratory

The circulatory system is composed of:

the heart, arteries carrying oxygen-rich blood (red), veins carrying oxygen- poor blood (blue), and capillaries.

Capillaries are:

the tiny blood vessels that transport blood to and from the cells of the body. These vessels are so small that blood cells must move through them in single file. The walls of these tiny blood vessels are only one cell thick. Materials can easily diffuse into and out of them.

The function of the circulatory system is to:

transport O2 and nutrients to body cells and to carry oxygen-poor blood and CO2 back to the heart and lungs. To do its job, the system must keep blood constantly circulating.

1. __________ keeps blood moving to every part of the body

Heart

If a person has a weak heart, how might his or her ability to maintain a stable body temperature be affected?

His heart would not be able to effectively pump the excess heat out towards the outer part of the body so it could escape and he may overheat.

The circulatory and respiratory systems work together to maintain _____________________ as the body's needs for oxygen and nutrients change.

Homeostaisis

How might damaged alveoli affect the oxygen level in the blood?

It makes it harder to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen during each breath. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood and increased levels of carbon dioxide cause breathing muscles to contract harder and faster

How do the respiratory and circulatory systems work together?

The circulatory system transports the oxygen and carbon dioxide that are exchanged in the respiratory system

What occurs when you inhale?

The diaphragm flattens and moves downward

How do the respiratory and circulatory systems help maintain homeostasis in the body?

The respiratory system moves gases into and out of the blood. The circulatory system moves blood to all parts of the body.

How do the structures in the lungs increase their surface area?

The structure of alveoli and having millions of them increase the surface area.

The respiratory system moves gases into and out of the blood. The function of the respiratory system is to bring O2 into the body and to expel CO2 and water vapor. How does that work?

The structures of this system bring the gases in close contact with the blood, which absorbs O2. The circulatory system then carries O2 to all of the body's cells and transports CO2 from the rest of the body to the lungs, where it is exhaled.

The mechanics of breathing involve the muscles of the rib cage and the diaphragm. When you inhale, the muscles of the rib cage do what?

contract, causing the rib cage to expand. The diaphragm then flattens and moves downward. The volume of your lungs increases, and the air pressure decreases, falling below the air pressure outside your body. Gases move from areas of greater pressure to areas of lower pressure, so air flows into the lungs.

Lung ................................................... help trap and remove foreign materials and pathogens.

mucus and cilia

The nose and mouth are the entry points to Respiratory system. When air enters the nose:

mucus that lines the nasal passages warms and moistens the air. The mucus and tiny hairs called cilia, help filter dust and pathogens from the air. At the back of the throat, a small piece of tissue, the epiglottis, regulates airflow into the trachea, or windpipe.

In addition to transporting vital supplies to the cells, the circulatory system performs two other important functions that maintain homeostasis. They are:

• The circulatory system collects waste materials produced by digestion and cell metabolism, and delivers them to the liver and kidneys to be filtered out of the body. For example, muscle cell activity produces a waste product known as urea. As blood moves past the muscle cells, urea is moved into the bloodstream and carried to the kidneys to be excreted. • The circulatory system helps maintain body temperature by distributing the heat produced in the muscles and internal organs. When you are active, your organs and muscles produce more heat. The heart pumps harder, and the blood vessels expand, or dilate, to bring excess heat to the skin, where it can escape. In cold weather, the blood vessels constrict to conserve heat.