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Types of Video Games
- Action, Flying, Race (Mario Kart) - Shooter (Call of Duty) FPS -First Person Shooter - Action-adventure, Adventure - Role-playing - Simulation (Sims) - Platformer (Super Mario) - Strategy - Puzzles (Tetris) - Real Timed Strategy, Massively Multiplayer Online (MMO) - Turn Based Strategy (Words with Friends) - Casual Games
Big Data in Hollywood
- Casting - Pre-production prediction box office to make decisions - Pitch projects with data and visualization
Streaming Media
- Transmitted by a server application. - Received and displayed in real-time by a client application called a media player. - User does not have to wait to download a file to play it. - - - The media is sent in a continuous stream of data, so it can play as it arrives.
Technological Determinism
argues that our technology drives the evolution of our values. We are blind to tech's great influence and allow our devices to determine how society interprets and implements our progress with technology. Many of the popular articles that talk about "technology making us dumber" inadvertently fall into this category
Over-the-top (OTT)
general term for service that you utilize over a network that is not offered by that network. It is video delivered through the Internet to a TV screen by way of an Internet-enabled set-top box (for example, Roku, Microsoft Xbox). Originally defined as delivering online video directly to the living room TV, bypassing incumbent pay TV operators. (Roku)
Data Visualizations and Map Mashups
interactive databases and map mashups that people can use to explore subjects on their own according to their particular interests
Trademark
protects distinctive marks, such as a brand name, logo, slogans
Copyright
protects the original, intellectual property that is fixed in a tangible form
Alexander Ljung and Eric Wahlforss found which streaming service
soundcloud
Immersive technology
technology that blurs the line between the physical world and digital or simulated world, thereby creating a sense of immersion
Empathy in VR
the ability to understand and share the feelings of another from their virtual perspective. It helps us to view the world through the eyes or POV of another.
Desktop publishing
the creation of documents using page layout skills on a personal computer. Enable you to see on the display screen exactly how the document will appear when printed. Systems that support this feature are called WYSIWYGs (what you see is what you get).
Crowdsourcing
the practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people, and especially from an online community, rather than from traditional employees or suppliers. (e.g. Wikipedia)
Data Visualization
the study of the visual representation of data, meaning "information that has been abstracted in some schematic form, including attributes or variables for the units of information
Gamification
the use of game thinking and game machines in non-game contexts to engage users in solving problems, becoming more prominent in marketing
Immersive Journalism
the use of virtual reality and 3-D environments, built in a gaming platform, to convey the sights, sounds and feelings of news. Gone Gitmo, produced by Documentary filmmaker Nonni de La Pena and former USC instructor Peggy Weil is an example.
If value, then right
theory of creative property, refers to the idea that "if there is value, then there is right to that value."
Derivative Work
work based on or derived from one or more already existing works (i.e. Doujunshi - a derivative work of Manga (mainstream))
End user license agreement
EULA
T/F An estimated 2 billion videos are viewed each day by Snapchat users?
False
Self-publishing
Gives authors better control over their books' rights, marketing, distribution and pricing.
Ralph Baer
1967 - The father of video games. Creation of two interactive TV games—a chase game and a tennis game. They are also able to manipulate a toy gun so that it detects spots of light on the TV screen.
Nolan Bushnell
1972 - Atari is founded. Named after a term from the Japanese game "Go". The first game created by Atari is Pong.
Space Invaders
1978 - The first arcade game that tracks and displays high scores
Tetris
1985 - Developed by Russian programmer Alex Pajitnov. Played on a PC.
Myst
1993 - Ability to immerse players in the fictional world
ESRB - Entertainment Software Rating Board
1994 - Ratings are now given to video games and are marked on the games' packaging to indicate the suggested age of players and violent content.
Wii
2006 - Gaming system with a revolutionary controller - handheld pointing device which detects movement in three dimensions.
Diffusion of Innovation
4 Main Elements • The innovation itself • The communication channels • Time • The social system (context)
Video Game Crash of 1983
A massive recession of the video game industry Factors for the crash include: - Millions of clones and inferior cartridges - No licensing system - Consumer confusion
TV Everywhere
A pay TV subscriber is allowed to view content on a tablet or mobile device, as well as a computer and television
Live Streaming
Content delivered live over the Internet, requires an encoder to digitize the content, a media publishing service or application and a Content Delivery Network (CDN) to distribute and deliver the content.
Public Television
- includes radio, television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service - started in the 1960's with the Lyndon Johnson administration - Corp. for Public Broadcasting (CPB) funded - most financial support comes from foundations and businesses and listener/viewer contributions - majority are operated as private not-for-profit corporations who produce and program with hired professional employees.
Public Access Television
- non-commercial media where the general public can create television programming content that is narrowcast through local cable TV community channels
The difference between the www and the internet
-Internet is a network of networks - www makes information accessible
Strength of the Internet
-There is no single point of failure; Decentralized: If one path gets broken, the data takes another. -Open Architecture (Multiple independent networks). -No Central Command Control. -End to End. -All connected computers are equal with capabilities to transmit and receive packets.
Four main areas that regulate or prevent piracy
1. Law 2. Norms 3. Market 4. Architecture
Factors of change in digital publishing
1. Rise of digital media and devices 2. Changes in media-consuming habits 3. Deterioration of traditional economic model
Willy Higinbotham
1958 - Invented the first "video game" A table tennis-like game (not Pong) was played on an analog oscilloscope
Presence in VR
A phenomenon enabling people to interact with and feel connected to the world outside their physical bodies via technology. The state of being present in a non-physical world. Can be measured as the degree to which the virtual environment faithfully evokes a sense of reality that causes the user to suspend disbelief. The greater the suspension of disbelief, the greater the degree achieved
Domain name
A unique name that identifies an internet resource such as a website
Digital
Allows just two values. Consists of discrete packets of data, single points of data, (on/off, 0 and 1). Distinction allowed computational devices to be created as these devices allowed for on/off storage. Examples: vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, silicon chips.
Big Data
An evolving term that describes any voluminous amount of structured, semi-structured and unstructured data that has the potential to be mined for information
Alternate Reality Game (ARG)
An interactive networked narrative that uses the real world as a platform and uses transmedia storytelling to deliver a story that may be altered by players' ideas or actions Story evolves according to player responses Character's controlled by game's designers, not artificial intelligence I Love Bees produced for Halo II
Media Convergence
An ongoing process according to various technology processes and audiences. The coming together of different equipment, processes, and tools for producing media. Top 5 types of Henry Jenkins points to are: Technological Economic Social Cultural Global
Second Life
An online virtual world: and was seen as a promising educational platform and tool.
Data-driven journalism
Can assume an investigative role
Cutting the Corrd
Canceling TV subscriptions in favor of purely broadband connections - preventing what the industry calls
Wearables
Clothing and accessories incorporating computer and advanced electronic technologies
Analog
Continuous series of Data. Examples: wave forms, vibrations of a guitar string, drum beat, fader on light switch.
Statute of Anne (1710)
Copyright was the first time vested in authors rather than publishers. It allowed the courts to regulate copyright rather than the businesses. Also known as Copyright Act 1710. A British law that was introduced in 1709 and was the first Copyright Act or law in the United Kingdom
Public Domain
Creative work that is not protected by copyright and may be freely used by everyone.
Tim Burners-Lee
Creator ("father") of WWW; 1990 World Wide Web is born Director of WWW Consortium
Nintendo
Credited with popularizing the handheld console concept with the release of the Game Boy in 1989
Safe Harbor
DMCA - Limiting certain online infringement liability for Internet Service Providers (ISPs or OSPs)
Machinima
Digital video captured in real time in a virtual world, such as second life or in a video game Machine Cinema
Domain Name System (DNS)
Domain names are formed
Marshal Mcluhan
Form/technology of media is important - not content Technology - specifically media leads to great cultural changes The medium or-process-of our time is reshaping and restructuring social interdependence, forcing us to reconsider and re-evaluate everything. Hot Medium: extends single sense in high definition (dense data), low in audience participation, detribalizes, includes: photography, print, radio, film, lecture. Cool Medium: integrate multiple senses in low definition (less data), high in audience participation, tribalizes, includes—cartoon, telephone, seminar, television.
Disruptive Media
Helps create a new market and value network. Goes on to disrupt an existing market and value network. Improve a product or service in unexpected ways. (Had Grassroots Beginnings)
What cannot be copyrighted?
Ideas, works not fixed in a tangible form. Titles (example for Music or Movies), Names, Short phrases and slogans. Procedures, Methods, Systems, Processes, Concepts, Principles, Discoveries/Devices.
Digital Rights Management (DRM)
Includes any scheme using technological means to control access-including viewing, copying, sharing, printing, and altering-to copyrighted digital material. Operates on 3 levels: 1. Establishing a copyright 2. Managing the distribution 3. Controlling what a consumer can do with that content once it has been distributed.
Offset Printing
Ink is spread on a metal plate with etched images, then transferred to an intermediary surface such as a rubber blanket, and finally applied to paper by pressing the paper against the intermediary surface.
What is Snapchat's biggest competitor as of today?
Transmedia Storytelling
Instead of a single linear narrative. A story broken up into a series of narratives organized as topical subsections that people can explore according to their own interests. - and delivered over various platforms. It is not the same story produced for and consumed via different media.
MMORPG - Massive Multiplayer Online Role-playing Games
Large numbers of players interact within a virtual world
What may be copyrighted?
Literary works Music works (includes accompanying words) Dramatic works (includes accompanying music), Pictorial, Graphic and Sculptural works, Architecture, Motion pictures/Audiovisual works, Sound recordings, Expression of facts.
Augmented Reality Game
Live direct or indirect view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are augmented (or supplemented) by computer-generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics or GPS data.
snapchat
Officially launches in 2011. The idea was to create a selfie app
Webcasting
Media presentation distributed over the Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content source to many simultaneous listeners/viewers. It may either be distributed live or on demand.
Patent
Must be novel, useful and non-obvious (expires after 20 years)
Neuromarketing
New field of marketing research that studies consumers' sensorimotor, cognitive, and affective response to marketing stimuli. Techniques: Biometrics Layered Voice Analysis Facial Action Coding System (FACS)Hubble telescope Electromyography (EMG) Eye-Tracking Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Creative Commons
Non-profit, free-of-charge licenses that allow creators to communicate which rights they reserve, and which rights they waive for the benefit of recipients or other creators.
What does the copyright holder hold exclusive rights to?
Prepare derivative works Distribute the work to the public Perform the copyrighted work publicly Display the copyrighted work publicly Perform the copyright work by means of a digital audio transmission
Difference between PBS and Public Access
Public broadcasting service - network of station. Private not-for-profit corporation. Has Hired professional employees. Public Access - the general public creates TV content through local cable TV community channels. Created by the FCC.
User-generated content (UGC)
Published information (photo, video, blog or discussion forum post, poll response or comment) that an unpaid contributor has provided to a (social media) web site.
Types of streaming media
Radio, Music, Television, Streaming Text (closed caption), ticker tape, Internet Television (IPTV), Online Music Services (Spotify, Radio), Internet Radio, Broadband Cable, Over The Top Television, "Cloud based TV service" (Sony)
Commercial Culture
That part of our culture that is produced and sold or produced to be sold.
Virtual Reality (VR)
an artificial environment created with computer hardware and software and presented to the user in such a way that it appears like a real environment. It can combine three-dimensional video, audio, and other sensory components to achieve a sense of immersion in an interactive, computer-generated environment. *Important elements are spacial presence, immersion and empathy
Terms of Service
Rules with which one must agree to abide by in order to use a service
SEO
Search Engine Optimization
Google Play
Streaming service allows you to upload music to cloud locker without subscribing
Free Culture
Supports and protects creators and innovators. It does this directly by granting intellectual property rights. But it does so indirectly by limiting the reach of those rights, to guarantee that follow-on creators and innovators remain as free as possible from the control of the past.
Paywalls
Systems to monetize online and other digital information by preventing visitors from content without having a paid subscription.
Crowdfunding
The collection of finance from backers—the "crowd"—to fund an initiative and usually occurs on Internet platforms. (e.g. Patreon, Kickstarter, Indiegogo)
Who may copyright?
The creator or creators (joint) of the original expression in a work.
Copyright Duration - what is it today?
Today: Life of author plus 70 years 1976 Copyright Act - Life of author plus 50 years 1998 Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension: An additional 20 years
Open Source
Universal access - software that can be freely used, changed, and shared (in modified or unmodified form) by anyone. Software is made by many people, and distributed under licenses that comply with the Open Source Definition, as defined by the Open Source Initiative, a global non-profit.
Uses and Grtification
Viewers seek out media that satisfies their desires and provides gratification. • Related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs • Concerned with "what people do with media" Categories: o Cognitive needs- People use media for acquiring knowledge, information etc. (Gaining insight into circumstances of others) o Affective needs- People use media like television to satisfy their emotional needs o Personal Integrative needs- People use media to reassure their status, gain credibility, self-esteem (Identifying with others and gaining a sense of belonging) o Social Integrative needs- The need to socialize with family, friends and relations in the society (Finding a basis for conversation and social interaction; Enabling one to connect with family, friends and society) o Tension free needs- People use media as a means of escapism and to relieve tension
Last Fm
What music streaming service first launched in the U.K. in 2002
Licensing
When a copyright owner gives permission for someone else to do something normally restricted by copyright law
Permission culture
a culture in which creators get to create only with the permission of the powerful, or of creators from the past
Fair Use
a legal doctrine which excuses acts that would otherwise be copyright infringement. Allows the public to use portions of copyrighted work without permission from the copyright owner. Ultimately, it is a defense against copyright infringement. 4 Factors: 1. The reason and purpose for use: A literal copy or different from the original? For commercial use? 2. The nature of the original: Used for creative or factual? 3. Amount used: How much of the original was used and is it necessary? 4. Effect: Did the use hurt the original market? People purchasing the work verse the original?
Cloud Computing
a phrase used to describe a variety of computing concepts that involve a large number of computers connected through a real-time communication network such as the Internet.[1] A synonym for distributed computing over a network, and means the ability to run a program or application on many connected computers at the same time.
Youtube
a video-sharing website enabling users to upload, share and view videos.
Internet of Things
a.k.a "ubiquitous computing." Sensors and other devices that collect data and other information and transmit it via the Internet.
