3175 Chapter 1

When was the first website published?

1991

When was Yahoo created?

1994

In what year did the number of Internet users surpass 3 billion?

2015

How many websites existed in 2001?

30m

How many websites existed in 2011?

350m

browser

A program for viewing web pages. A browser displays HTML files in a formatted way.

web server

A program that serves web pages to browsers. Popular web servers today include Apache, IIS, and nginx.

information mesh

Another name for the web that was considered by the web's creator. Berners-Lee instead settled on the World Wide Web (hence the leading "www" in many website names).

website

Collection of related web pages. A website may be composed of any number of web pages.

javascript

Enables document interaction JavaScript is a programming language that can manage any part of the document and interact with external servers to send and receive information. JavaScript sometimes also runs on web servers.

1990

First web browser is created. Tim Berners-Lee created and demonstrated a browser that works over the Internet.

1995

HTML 2.0 standard published. HTML 2.0 was the first really official standard. Despite the standard, in the rush to beat the competition, browser developers kept adding new and incompatible features. Many websites only worked completely with one specific browser.

2014

HTML5 standard published. Work on HTML5 started in 2008. HTML5 is synonymous with modern web standards.

css

Manages document presentation CSS consists of a set of style rules about how to display the parts of a document.

html

Specifies document structure HTML is used to specify the purpose of each part of a document. Each web browser has a default stylesheet that controls how the page is displayed, but HTML does not specify how the document parts are displayed.

1994

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created. The W3C is the official body that once developed and published HTML standards. The W3C is still in charge of the CSS standard.

1945

The idea for generating links from within one document to other documents. Vannevar Bush described the memory extension device, Memex, a system for building and following links between documents.

HTML

The language used for a text file that describes a web page. The HyperText Markup Language has text with links (hypertext) to other files on the web.

early 1990s

The period when the web was first developed. People/companies began obtaining personal computers throughout the 1980s, and networks were growing. Connecting those computers intelligently was becoming important.

HTTP

The protocol for transferring files among computers via the web. Short for HyperText Transfer Protocol. A protocol is a set of rules.

1965

The term HyperText invented. Ted Nelson introduced the term HyperText in a paper on how to deal with information that was complex, changing, and uncertain.

2019

WHATWG controls the HTML standard. W3C makes suggestions to WHATWG for new items to include in the HTML Living Standard.

web page

Web document that is viewed in a web browser. A web page may link to other web pages.