3234 Exam 2 Study

One purpose of database design is to structure the data in stable structures, called normalized tables, that are not likely to change over time and that have minimal ________.

Redundancy

Which business rule specifies rules concerning the relationships between entity types?

Referential integrity constraints

In a ________ database model, data is represented as a set of related tables or relations.

Relational

A(n) ________ is an association between the instances of one or more entity types that is of interest to the organization.

Relationship

A(n) ________ is an attribute that must have a value for every entity instance.

Required attribute

Each ________ of a relation corresponds to a record that contains data values for an entity.

Row

For relations with 1NF, entries in cells are simple and an entry at the intersection of each row and column has a ________ value.

Single

Partial specialization rule

Specifies that an entity instance of the supertype does not have to belong to any subtype.

Disjoint rule

Specifies that if an entity instance of the supertype is a member of one subtype, it cannot simultaneously be a member of any other subtype.

Sequential file organization

The rows in the file are stored in sequence according to a primary key value.

Baseline Project Plan

This plan is the major outcome and deliverable from the project initiation and planning phase and contains the best estimate of the project's scope, benefits, costs, risks, and resource requirements.

Synonym

Two different names that are used for the same attribute.

An entity ________ is described just once in a data model, whereas many ________ of that may be represented by data stored in the database.

Type; instances

A recursive relationship is also known as a ________ relationship.

Unary

The example of bill-of-materials is an example of ________.

Unary relationship

Baseline project plan

What is the term that describes the best estimate of a project's scope, benefits, cost, and resources?

Project scope document

Which document outlines all work required to complete the project?

Economic

Which feasibility category deals with identifying financial benefits associated with the project?

System cost

Which of the following is NOT a consideration during the assessing technical feasibility stage?

Create a project budget

Which of the following is NOT a part of project initiation?

Who is going to pay for PIP?

Which of the following is NOT a question asked to determine if project initiation and planning has ended and analysis has begun?

Using standard technology

Which of the following is a less risky approach to the technical parts of a project?

Customer goodwill

Which of the following is an example of an intangible cost?

Break-even analysis

Which option identifies the point at which benefits equal costs?

Time value of money

Which term below means that money available today is worth more than the same amount tomorrow?

Schedule feasibility

Which type of feasibility deals with project duration?

Systems analyst

Who is typically responsible for performing the PIP process?

Walk-throughs

________ are peer group reviews of products created via the systems development process.

Project planning

________ is the process of defining clear activities necessary to complete activities in a single project.

A relation is in ________ if every non-primary key attribute is not functionally dependent on any of the other non-primary keys except the primary key.

3NF

Serve as a contract

A Project Scope Statement can be used to ________.

Tangible Benefit

A benefit derived from the creation of an information system that can be measured in dollars and with certainty.

Identifier

A candidate key that has been selected as the unique, iden tifying characteristic for an entity type.

Entity type

A collection of entities that share common properties or characteristics

Expanding software licenses

A common legal and contractual development in new application development is ________.

Intangible cost

A cost associated with an information system that cannot be easily measured in terms of dollars or with certainty.

One-time cost

A cost associated with project start-up and development or system start-up.

Recurring Cost

A cost resulting from the ongoing evolution and use of a system.

Conceptual Data Model

A detailed model that captures the overall structure of organizational data and that is independent of any database management system or other implementation considerations.

Entity Relationship Data Model

A detailed, logical representation of the entities, associations, and data elements for an organization or business area.

Project Scope Statement

A document prepared for the customer that describes what the project will deliver and outlines generally at a high level all work required to complete the project.

Supertype

A generic entity type that has a relationship with one or more subtypes.

Entity Relationship Diagram

A graphical representation of an E-R model.

Attribute

A named property or characteristic of an entity that is of interest to the organization

Relation

A named, two-dimensional table of data. Each table consists of a set of named columns and an arbitrary number of unnamed rows.

One-time cost

A new hardware purchase is classified as a(n) ________.

Walk-through

A peer group review of any product created during the systems development process.

Technical feasibility

A process of assessing the development organization's ability to construct a proposed system. Technical feasibility

Economic feasibility

A process of identifying the financial benefits and costs as sociated with a development project.

Second normal form (2NF)

A relation for which every nonprimary key attribute is functionally dependent on the whole primary key.

Well-structured relation (or table)

A relation that contains a minimum amount of redundancy and allows users to insert, modify, and delete the rows without errors or inconsistencies.

Third normal form (3NF)

A relation that is in second normal form and that has no functional (transitive) dependencies between two (or more) nonprimary key attributes.

Repeating group

A set of two or more multivalued attributes that are logically related.

Homonym

A single attribute name that is used for two or more different attributes.

Entity instance

A single occurrence of an entity type

Candidate key

An attribute (or combination of attributes) that uniquely identifies each instance of an entity type.

Foreign key

An attribute that appears as a nonprimary key attribute in one relation and as a primary key attribute (or part of a primary key) in another relation.

Derived attribute

An attribute whose value can be computed from related attribute values.

Primary Key

An attribute whose value is unique across all occurrences of a relation.

Associative entity

An entity type that associates the instances of one or more entity types and contains attributes that are peculiar to the relationship between those entity instances.

Referential Integrity

An integrity constraint specifying that the value (or existence) of an attribute in one relation depends on the value (or existence) of the same attribute in another relation.

Which relation is created with a composite primary key using the primary keys of the related entities, plus any non-key attributes associative entity of the relationship or associative entity?

Associative entity

Which relation is created with the primary key associated with the relationship or associative entity, plus any non-key attributes of the relationship or associative entity and the primary keys of the related entities (as foreign key attributes)?

Associative entity with its own key

A functional dependency is a particular relationship between two ________.

Attributes

Each ________ in a relation corresponds to an attribute of that relation.

Column

Which business rule specifies constraints on valid values for attributes?

Domains

During logical database design, you must account for every data element on a system input or output form or report and on the ________.

E-R diagram

Based on the E-R diagram below, which of the following relation is not correct about converting this E-R diagram to relations?

EMPLOYEE (EMPLOYEE_ID, PROJECT_ID)

A(n) ________ is a person, place, object, event, or concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data.

Entity

Which business rule specifies that each instance of an entity type must have a unique identifier that is not null?

Entity integrity

A binary one-to-many (1:N) relationship in an E-R diagram is represented by adding the primary key attribute (or attributes) of the entity on the one side of the relationship as a(n) ________ in the relation that is on the many side of the relationship.

Foreign Key

A(n) ________ is a file organization in which rows are stored either sequentially or non-sequentially, and an index is created that allows software to locate individual rows.

Indexed file organization

________ database design is driven not only from the previously developed E-R data model for the application or enterprise but also from form and report layouts.

Logical

A(n) ________ is an attribute that may take on more than one value for each entity instance.

Multi-valued attribute

The result of normalization is that every ________ key attribute depends upon the whole primary key.

Non-Primary

In logical database design, we use a process called ________, which is a way to build a data model that has the properties of simplicity, non-redundancy, and minimal maintenance.

Normalization

A unary relationship is a relationship between the instances of ________ entity type(s).

One

The ________ rule specifies that an entity instance can simultaneously be a member of two (or more) subtypes.

Overlap

A computer operating system stores data in a ________, which is a named set of table rows stored in a contiguous section of secondary memory.

Physical file

Each entity type in the E-R diagram becomes a relation. The identifier of the entity type becomes the ________ of the relation, and other attributes of the entity type become non-primary key attributes of the relation.

Primary key

What unique characteristic(s) distinguish(es) each object from other objects of the same type?

Primary key

Decreased flexibility

All of the following are tangible benefits except ________.

Break-even-analysis

A type of cost-benefit analysis to identify at what point (if ever) benefits equal costs.

Tangible benefit

A(n) ________ comes from an information system that can be measured monetarily.

Hashed file organization

The address for each row is determined using an algorithm.

Present Value

The current value of a future cash flow.

Resource feasibility

The following is NOT an example of a type of feasibility study.

Degree

The number of entity types that participate in a relationship.

Normalization

The process of converting complex data structures into simple, stable data structures.

Denormalization

The process of splitting or combining normalized relations into physical tables based on affinity of use of rows and fields.