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A female who is 32 weeks pregnant was involved in a motor vehicle collision. She is currently secured to the long spine board, with other spinal motion restriction precautions taken. Which patient statement should concern the EMT most? A) "I think that I just had a contraction." B) "I forgot to tell you that I am having twins." C) "My back is really hurting from being on this board." D) "I have not taken prenatal vitamins for a week."

A) "I think that I just had a contraction."

On scene at a college football game, a wide receiver is unresponsive after colliding with another player and forcefully taking a helmet to the chest. The athletic trainer reports that the patient is pulseless and apneic. Given the mechanism of injury and patient's presentation, which instruction would be appropriate? A) "Let's apply the AED and follow all prompts." B) "Before we do anything, we need to put a cervical collar on the patient." C) "Use the AED but no CPR so we do not worsen the potential chest injury." D) "Someone start positive pressure ventilation while I check for a blood pressure."

A) "Let's apply the AED and follow all prompts."

You are presenting information on emergency care to a class of pregnant women. A participant asks you what the most frequent cause of injury is to a woman during pregnancy. What is the correct response? A) "Motor vehicle collisions account for about half of all injuries sustained during pregnancy." B) "Falls occur about two times as often as any other cause of maternal injury during trauma." C) "Domestic violence, sadly enough, is the most common cause of injury to a pregnant female." D) "Sexual assault accounts for almost 80 percent of all injuries to females sustained while pregnant."

A) "Motor vehicle collisions account for about half of all injuries sustained during pregnancy."

When assessing a patient who sustained blunt trauma to the chest, which assessment finding is most indicative of an injury to the lung, impairing adequate ventilations? A) Ability to speak only a few words, following by a gasp B) Elevated heart rate and blood pressure C) Respiratory rate of 20 breaths/min D) Extensive bruising to the anterior chest

A) Ability to speak only a few words, following by a gasp

A patient was stabbed in the right anterior chest and is in obvious respiratory distress. As you perform the secondary assessment, which signs and/or symptoms would suggest that she is developing a tension pneumothorax? A) Absent breath sounds on the right, distended neck veins, tracheal deviation to the left B) Absent breath sounds on the left, hypotension, SpO2 of 98%, bradycardia C) Respiratory distress, absent breath sounds on the left, flat neck veins, tachycardia D) Absent breath sounds on the right, tracheal deviation to the right, cyanosis

A) Absent breath sounds on the right, distended neck veins, tracheal deviation to the left

You observe a traumatically injured 3-year-old female patient being secured to a long spine board with no padding behind the neck, shoulders, or back during a spine motion restriction intervention. What is the main concern with this oversight? A) Airway compromise B) Extension of the cervical spine C) Bruising to the back D) Pain and discomfort

A) Airway compromise

Which statement is true regarding care of the multisystem trauma patient? A) Any threat to life should be managed as it is identified B) All care should be provided en route to the hospital C) Spinal motion restriction precautions can be foregone if the patient is near death D) Advanced life support by paramedics is the definitive care for multisystem trauma patients

A) Any threat to life should be managed as it is identified

While a 43-year-old man was cleaning a window, the glass broke and a sharp piece sliced his groin. Assessment shows him to have a large laceration to his left scrotum, with a testicle exposed and protruding through the sac. Blood is pouring from the laceration, and the patient rates the pain as an 8/10. What should the EMT do first? A) Apply direct pressure to the injury to stop the hemorrhage B) Provide oxygen at 15 lpm C) Call for advanced life support assistance D) Cover the exposed testicle with moist dressing, and dress it loosely to collect the blood that is escaping

A) Apply direct pressure to the injury to stop the hemorrhage

You are called to a nursing home for an elderly male patient who is unresponsive. On arrival, you find the patient in a wheelchair with a noticeable hematoma to his forehead and a skin tear to his left wrist. Staff states that the patient had an episode of chest pain just before suddenly passing out and falling to the ground. What should you do immediately? A) Apply spine motion restriction precautions B) Initiate oxygen and look for other injuries the patient may have suffered C) Assume a cardiac event has occurred and apply oxygen D) Perform the primary assessment and apply supplemental oxygen

A) Apply spine motion restriction precautions

Which actions by the EMS crew have met the platinum ten minutes criteria? A) Assessed, provided spinal motion restriction precautions, and initiated transport within 10 minutes of arriving on scene B) Arrived on scene and by the patient's side within 10 minutes of being dispatched C) Stabilized the patient and called for ALS assistance within 10 minutes of arriving on scene D) Completed the assessment and treated any life threats within 10 minutes of the incident occurring

A) Assessed, provided spinal motion restriction precautions, and initiated transport within 10 minutes of arriving on scene

A middle-aged male patient has been stabbed once in the right anterior chest. His airway is patent, respirations tachypneic, pulse weak and rapid, and skin cool and diaphoretic. Breath sounds are clear on the left and severely diminished on the right. JVD and tracheal deviation are present. His SpO2 is 93% on supplemental oxygen via BVM. The vital signs are pulse, 140 beats/min; respirations, 28 breaths/min; and blood pressure, 100/78 mmHg. Your next action should be to: A) Call for an ALS intercept en route to the ED and lift the dressing to see if air escapes during exhalation B) Attempt to relieve the tension while awaiting ALS arrival at the scene C) Await the arrival of ALS to "burp" the dressing between ventilations D) Initiate positive pressure ventilation utilizing FROPVD

A) Call for an ALS intercept en route to the ED and lift the dressing to see if air escapes during exhalation

A patient has been assaulted and sustained blunt trauma to the abdomen. As you start the primary assessment, you note that he is vomiting blood and you begin to suction him immediately. After the airway has been suctioned, you should: A) Check the adequacy of the patient's breathing B) Examine the abdomen for specific injuries C) Obtain a full set of vital signs D) Administer oxygen with a nonrebreather face mask

A) Check the adequacy of the patient's breathing

Which abdominal organ or structure, if seriously injured, would cause the most rapid death? A) Descending aorta B) Spleen C) Stomach D) Large intestine

A) Descending aorta

A patient has referred pain to her left shoulder. What should the EMT suspect? A) Hemorrhage from the spleen B) Rupture of the small intestine C) Damage to the gallbladder D) Trauma to the right kidney

A) Hemorrhage from the spleen

A 45-year-old female was at a family reunion and fell off a trampoline. She hit a picnic table with the left side of her lower rib cage. Now, she is very anxious and confused. Her airway is open and her breathing adequate. Her radial pulse is rapid and weak, and her skin is cool and diaphoretic. Vital signs are pulse, 132 beats/min; respirations, 20 breaths/min; blood pressure, 102/78 mmHg; and SpO2, 97% on ambient air. The patient has ecchymosis to the left lower rib area as well as tenderness and instability to the rib cage. She also has a superficial abrasion to her forehead. Given these findings, you would suspect and treat her for which condition? A) Hypovolemic shock B) Hypoxia C) Spinal shock D) Closed head injury

A) Hypovolemic shock

A patient has been stabbed in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Which solid organ should the EMT be most concerned with being injured? A) Liver B) Stomach C) Small intestine D) Kidney

A) Liver

An unresponsive 10-year-old male was struck by a car while riding his bike. He has blood on his face and presents with snoring respirations. Respirations are approximately 10 breaths per minute, with cyanosis noted to his extremities. Manual spine motion restriction to the neck is being held by Emergency Medical Responders. What should you do next? A) Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver B) Start positive pressure ventilation C) Suction the airway D) Quickly assess for life-threatening injuries

A) Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver

A 78-year-old male pedestrian was struck by a car at a convenience store. The patient is conscious but confused, and has sustained multisystem trauma. What would represent the best sequence of care for this patient? A) Primary assessment, oxygen, secondary assessment, spine motion restriction precautions, and all other care en route to the hospital B) Primary assessment, spine motion restriction, and all other care en route to the hospital C) Primary assessment, oxygen, secondary assessment, and all other care en route to the hospital D) Primary assessment, oxygen, secondary assessment, cervical collar, and all other care en route to the hospital

A) Primary assessment, oxygen, secondary assessment, spine motion restriction precautions, and all other care en route to the hospital

Assessment findings for a patient who was thrown from a motorcycle indicate that he has a flail chest wall segment to his right anterior chest. He exhibits labored breathing and an SpO2 of 92%. Breath sounds are clear and equal bilaterally. The segment has been stabilized, and you are prepared to start positive pressure ventilation. Given these assessment findings, which type of injury underlying the flail segment is your primary concern? A) Pulmonary contusion B) Pneumothorax C) Hemothorax D) Rib fractures

A) Pulmonary contusion

The EMT is correctly using the pediatric assessment triangle on a 3-year-old male trauma patient when he: A) Quickly determines the circulation based on skin color B) Uses it to compare peripheral pulses with central pulses C) Carefully examines the chest for signs of retractions D) Makes a conscious effort to look for bruises to the patient's body

A) Quickly determines the circulation based on skin color

) A young male patient has self-extricated from his vehicle after hitting a telephone pole and rolling his car several times at a high rate of speed. He is spitting blood and has a large area of tenderness and soft tissue injury to the left side of his chest. On scene, you did not observe any paradoxical motion of the chest wall. The patient remains alert and oriented with stable vital signs, but continually complains of painful breathing. During transport, what is it essential that you do? A) Reassess for paradoxical motion of the chest wall B) Apply bulky dressings to the area of chest injury C) Start positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen D) Place a nonporous dressing and ice packs to the injured area

A) Reassess for paradoxical motion of the chest wall

An 84-year-old female fell down six steps, landing on carpet. She now complains of abdominal and pelvic pain. Her airway is open, breathing adequate, and radial pulse intact. Skin is cool and dry, with a noted skin tear to the left elbow with minor bleeding. EMRs report the following vital signs: pulse, 84 beats/min; respirations, 20 breaths/min; blood pressure, 126/68 mmHg; and SpO2, 97% on room air. Her family states that the patient is acting normally. The hips are easily moved and do not appear broken. The patient does not want to go to the hospital and is asking to refuse transport. Your next action would be to: A) See which medications she is taking B) Clean and wrap the skin tear to prevent infection C) Ask family members for their input D) Contact medical direction for authorization to refuse

A) See which medications she is taking

An unrestrained 32-year-old female motorist hit a utility pole head-on at 45 mph. The car sustained extensive damage. The patient has an open airway, is breathing poorly at 32 breaths per minute with absent alveolar breath sounds, and is responsive to painful stimuli. Her radial pulse is rapid and weak, and her skin is cool and cyanotic. Breath sounds are decreased on the right side. Emergency Medical Responders are initiating spine motion restriction precautions. Your next action would be to: A) Start positive pressure ventilation B) Examine the patient for additional injuries C) Place a cervical collar D) Palpate the chest wall for instability

A) Start positive pressure ventilation

A 42-year-old male was involved in a fight and was stabbed in the right lateral chest. The knife is still impaled, and the patient now complains of shortness of breath. When he speaks, he gurgles and blood drains from his mouth. His respirations are labored and his radial pulse is weak. Which intervention should you perform first? A) Suction the blood from the airway B) Provide positive pressure ventilation C) Stabilize the knife with bulky dressings D) Remove the knife and seal the injury with an occlusive dressing

A) Suction the blood from the airway

A middle-aged male sustained blunt force trauma to the abdomen, resulting in an isolated tear and perforation of the large intestine. When following up on the patient, what would the EMT suspect occurred, given the organ that was injured? A) The patient developed an infection B) The patient rapidly decompensated into shock C) The patient has profound hypoxia D) The patient developed severe internal bleeding

A) The patient developed an infection

A 23-year-old female has been involved in a serious motor vehicle collision. Which assessment finding best indicates that she has a flail segment? A) Uneven chest wall movement during breathing B) Shortness of breath upon exertion C) Intense pain with deep inspiration D) Decreasing SpO2 reading despite high-flow oxygen

A) Uneven chest wall movement during breathing

How would you tell a pregnant woman to restrain herself when traveling in a car? A) Wear all seat belts normally, as you would if not pregnant B) Use the shoulder restraint but not the lap belt to prevent abdominal injury C) Avoid the belt system as long as your car has front and side air bags in place D) The lap belt by itself should be adequate, as long as the car is equipped with air bags

A) Wear all seat belts normally, as you would if not pregnant

The EMT shows that he understands the difference between a pneumothorax and a tension pneumothorax when he makes which statement? A) "A tension pneumothorax causes blood to accumulate around the lung; a pneumothorax involves the accumulation of only air around the lung." B) "A tension pneumothorax causes cardiac output to decrease; a simple pneumothorax does not affect cardiac output." C) "A pneumothorax describes a collapsed lung; a tension pneumothorax involves both a collapsed lung and blood loss." D) "A pneumothorax is caused by a closed chest injury; a tension pneumothorax is caused by an open chest injury."

B) "A tension pneumothorax causes cardiac output to decrease; a simple pneumothorax does not affect cardiac output."

The EMT has fundamental understanding of abdominal trauma when he states: A) "Evisceration injuries can be recognized by dark-colored bruising over the top of the injury site." B) "Blunt trauma is especially lethal because of the large number of organs that can be affected." C) "Injuries to solid organs like the bladder tend to be more lethal than injuries to hollow organs." D) "Injuries to hollow organs tend to be worse than injuries to solid organs because of the increased potential for blood loss."

B) "Blunt trauma is especially lethal because of the large number of organs that can be affected."

) Family has called you for a 78-year-old female with a history of dementia, because she appears more confused than normal. The primary assessment reveals no life-threatening conditions. Her vital signs are pulse, 88 beats/min; respirations, 22 breaths/min; blood pressure, 134/66 mmHg; and SpO2, 95% on room air. Aside from the dementia, the patient has a history of hypertension, COPD, and breast cancer, which resulted in the removal of her right breast 11 years ago. Lately, she has had an upper respiratory infection and is telling family that she has a headache. Your first question to family should be: A) "It sounds like the dementia is getting worse, do you agree?" B) "Do you know if she fell recently and hit her head?" C) "Is there any possibility of diabetes and a low blood sugar level?" D) "Does she take any medications for the high blood pressure?"

B) "Do you know if she fell recently and hit her head?"

) You are by the side of an 88-year-old male who fell. He has a hematoma to his forehead as well as deformity to his left forearm. His daughter informs you that her father has severe dementia and she cares for him at home. As you assess him, he continually screams out, "Mary, help me. I need help!" At this time, which question is most appropriate to ask the daughter? A) "Was Mary his wife?" B) "Is this how he normally is?" C) "Do you know what he means by this?" D) "My mother suffers from dementia; it is a terrible disease, isn't it?"

B) "Is this how he normally is?"

The EMT would recognize which patient as suffering from multisystem trauma? A) A pregnant female with a single gunshot wound to the head B) A 43-year-old male with extremity trauma and shock from a motor vehicle collision C) A 66-year-old female with a deformed arm after having a syncopal episode D) A 23-year-old female with a fractured clavicle sustained in a soccer game

B) A 43-year-old male with extremity trauma and shock from a motor vehicle collision

When treating an injured geriatric patient, it is very important to: A) Always administer high-concentration oxygen B) Achieve an oxygen saturation of at least 95% C) Place the patient in a sitting position to promote adequate breathing D) Avoid use of a nonrebreather mask, rather oxygenate the patient via a nasal cannula

B) Achieve an oxygen saturation of at least 95%

An Emergency Medical Responder asks you to explain a pneumothorax. You would explain that a pneumothorax occurs when: A) The lung becomes overinflated with air the patient is unable to breathe B) Air accumulates around the lung, causing a portion of it to collapse C) The trachea becomes obstructed, causing the lungs to collapse D) Air enters the lung and alveoli from a traumatic opening in the chest wall

B) Air accumulates around the lung, causing a portion of it to collapse

You have applied a nonporous dressing to a stab wound on a patient's chest. The Emergency Medical Responder assisting you asks you why the dressing was taped on three sides and not all four. Your best response is that taping the dressing on three sides: A) Permits oxygen to still enter the lungs B) Allows trapped air to escape on exhalation C) Causes less pain for the patient D) Decreases the chance of air entering the chest on exhalation

B) Allows trapped air to escape on exhalation

When treating a pregnant female who was involved in a traumatic event during her third trimester, the EMT must remember: A) The amniotic fluid protects the baby from any injury to the mother's abdomen B) An elevated heart rate seen in shock may not be discernable from the elevated heart rate from the patient's increased blood volume C) The diaphragm tends to be lower during pregnancy, making internal chest and lung injury more likely D) Gastric mobility increases during pregnancy, posing an increased risk of vomiting and aspiration

B) An elevated heart rate seen in shock may not be discernable from the elevated heart rate from the patient's increased blood volume

he EMT recognizes that the division between the thoracic and abdominal cavities lies approximately: A) At the level of the umbilicus B) At the fifth intercostal space C) Below the twelfth rib D) Above the twelfth thoracic vertebra

B) At the fifth intercostal space

You are transporting a male patient with a deep stab wound to the groin, with damage also noted to the genitalia following an assault by his girlfriend. The patient is alert and oriented, albeit restless. Vital signs on scene were pulse, 128 beats/min; respirations, 20 breaths/min; blood pressure, 108/64 mmHg; and SpO2, 92%. Oxygen is being administered via nasal cannula. Upon reassessment, which sign would be most concerning to the EMT? A) Patient's urge to void B) Blood pressure is now 106/88 mmHg C) SpO2 stabilizing at 96% despite O2 therapy D) Heart rate of 132 beats/min

B) Blood pressure is now 106/88 mmHg

You suspect that your patient-a lethargic 6-month-old baby-is the victim of child abuse. When performing the primary assessment, which assessment parameter should you use to quickly establish his perfusion? A) Heart rate B) Capillary refill C) Presence of a radial pulse D) Blood pressure

B) Capillary refill

An 89-year-old female with dementia, who is being cared for by her daughter, fell and now exhibits deformity to her left upper arm. As you attempt to splint her arm, she continually screams and pulls away from you. After several attempts, your best course of action should be to: A) Contact advanced life support for assistance B) Coach the daughter on how to help apply the splint C) Transport the patient without a splint and document that splinting was attempted D) Gently restrain the patient and apply the splint

B) Coach the daughter on how to help apply the splint

An unrestrained female patient, who was involved in a minor motor vehicle collision, refuses EMS care or transport. She is seven months pregnant and is alert and oriented. When asked, she denies any complaint. Your best action would be to: A) Have her follow up with her obstetrician B) Contact medical direction for instructions C) Make contact with her obstetrician D) Have the police witness her signing the refusal-of-care form

B) Contact medical direction for instructions

You have been called for a deeply disturbed psychiatric patient who has cut off the tip of his penis with a steak knife. Assessment reveals the 31-year-old male to be crying, with blood noted to his hands and pants. The primary assessment reveals no acute life threats. At this time, your priority is to: A) Place the amputated penis in sterile water B) Control any active bleeding that may be occurring C) Prevent the patient from urinating D) Determine why the patient cut himself

B) Control any active bleeding that may be occurring

You are on the scene of a shooting. Your assessment reveals a 23-year-old male who has been shot twice. The first wound is to the left lower quadrant of the abdomen and is actively bleeding. The second wound is to the left lateral chest and bubbles every time the patient exhales. What would your immediate and best action be? A) Obtain a sterile dressing and cover the chest wound B) Cover the chest wound with a gloved hand C) Place direct pressure over the abdominal gunshot wound D) Place the patient on high-concentration oxygen with a nonrebreather face mask

B) Cover the chest wound with a gloved hand

A patient has sustained an injury to his mediastinum. Based on the anatomy of his chest, which structure has been injured? A) Diaphragm B) Esophagus C) Lungs D) Bronchiole

B) Esophagus

A female patient who is 35 weeks pregnant tripped and fell down 12 stairs. She now complains of back pain, numbness to her legs, and nausea. She is secured to a long spine board with spinal motion restriction precautions placed and is being non-emergently transported to the hospital for evaluation. En route, the patient exclaims that she is having contractions and thinks that her water may have broken. Which intervention should you perform immediately? A) Provide rapid transport and continue monitoring B) Examine her genitalia for crowning or bleeding C) Tilt the long spine board to the left side D) Release her from the long spine board and prepare for delivery

B) Examine her genitalia for crowning or bleeding

You have arrived on the scene of a stabbing. As you approach the patient, you note that his shirt is off and a single stab wound to the right lower quadrant of the abdomen is evident. The patient appears unresponsive as you approach. At the patient's side, your first action should be to: A) Cover the wound with a nonporous dressing B) Examine the patient's airway C) Quickly look for additional stab wounds D) Provide oxygen via nonrebreather face mask

B) Examine the patient's airway

The EMT is correctly assessing the perfusion status of a 10-month-old when she: A) Obtains a blood pressure B) Feels for a brachial pulse C) Looks for cyanosis in the extremities D) Observes the characteristics of the fontanelles

B) Feels for a brachial pulse

You are transporting an alert and oriented male who sustained severe abdominal trauma in an assault. The primary survey indicates a patent airway with respirations of 24 breaths per minute. Breath sounds are present bilaterally. The patient has a rapid and weak radial pulse of 144 beats per minute, and his skin is pale and cool. The blood pressure is 92/64 mmHg and SpO2 is 92%. Best management of the respiratory and oxygenation parameters would include: A) Positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen B) High-concentration oxygen through a nonrebreather mask C) Application of a nasal cannula at 4 lpm O2 D) Encouraging the patient to slow his respirations

B) High-concentration oxygen through a nonrebreather mask

You are managing a patient with a large flail segment to the right lateral chest. With this condition, you should recognize that the immediate threat to life is: A) Blood loss B) Hypoxia C) Infection D) Rib fractures

B) Hypoxia

A 74-year-old female complains of abdominal pain after falling down five stairs off her front porch and striking her abdomen and left hand on a mailbox at the bottom. The patient also reports pain in her left wrist and right ankle, both of which show obvious deformity. She is alert and oriented, and her abdomen is free of bruising but tender in the left upper and lower quadrants. Her vital signs are pulse, 132 beats/min; respirations, 22 breaths/min; blood pressure, 106/86 mmHg; and initial SpO2, 93% on room air. Oxygen has been applied, and the patient has full spine motion restriction precautions in place. Advanced life support has been requested and is 12 minutes away from your current location. What is your next action? A) Apply ice to the wrist and ankle while awaiting arrival of the ALS unit B) Initiate immediate transport and intercept with the ALS unit C) Monitor the patient and wait for ALS assistance D) Secure the wrist and ankle to board splints, initiate transport, and cancel the ALS unit

B) Initiate immediate transport and intercept with the ALS unit

You suspect that a patient with an open pneumothorax may be developing a tension pneumothorax. Which action is critical given this situation? A) Remove the occlusive dressing B) Lift one side of the dressing during exhalation C) Gently apply pressure to the chest during inhalation D) Ensure that all four sides of the dressing are taped

B) Lift one side of the dressing during exhalation

You are transporting a 19-year-old male with a gunshot wound to the chest. On scene, you covered the wound with an appropriate dressing. Now, as you reassess the patient, you note that the patient is tachypneic and complains of increased difficulty breathing. Breath sounds on the side of the injury are diminished. Your immediate action would be to: A) Tape the dressing on the fourth side B) Lift the dressing from the wound briefly during exhalation C) Provide positive pressure ventilation with high-concentration oxygen D) Cover the wound with another dressing

B) Lift the dressing from the wound briefly during exhalation

A young boy has an open chest wound to the left lateral thorax after falling off his bike onto a metal spike protruding from the ground. His family is present; they are very upset and crying. As an EMT, you recognize that in this situation, your primary focus is: A) Controlling pain B) Maintaining oxygenation C) Providing emotional support D) Preventing potential wound infection

B) Maintaining oxygenation

he EMT's care for an open chest wound and for an abdominal evisceration are similar in that: A) Air must be periodically released from both wounds B) Occlusive dressings should be placed over both wounds C) Moist dressings are placed over both wounds D) Both wounds can cause the trapping of air in the body

B) Occlusive dressings should be placed over both wounds

Asherman, Halo, and Bolin devices are commercially available devices to use for which injury? A) Flail chest B) Open chest wound C) Commotio cordis D) Pneumothorax

B) Open chest wound

The mother of a 4-year-old boy states that he fell off the top bunk bed and hit his head. After falling, he appeared to seize for approximately 30 seconds. Currently, he has nonpurposeful movement to painful stimuli, with a patent airway and slow respirations. His radial pulse is intact, and his skin is warm and dry. You note urinary incontinence. After taking manual spine motion restriction precautions, what should you do next? A) Insert an oropharyngeal airway and provide high-concentration oxygen B) Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver and start positive pressure ventilation C) Apply oxygen, provide full spinal motion restriction precautions, and then initiate rapid transport D) Perform a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and administer high-concentration oxygen

B) Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver and start positive pressure ventilation

An 81-year-old woman with severe kyphosis and osteoporosis fell and now complains of neck pain, back pain, and nausea. You can palpate a lateral displacement of a cervical vertebrae. Given the patient's past medical history, what is most appropriate? A) Transfer her to the stretcher and transport in a position of comfort B) Place her in a supine position on the long spine board and pad all voids C) Place her on a backboard without straps or a cervical collar and transport her in supine position D) Position her on her left side and secure her to the long board

B) Place her in a supine position on the long spine board and pad all voids

Damage to which thoracic tissues can cause impairment of ventilation from a developing pneumothorax? A) Mediastinum B) Pleural membranes C) Trachea D) Pulmonary arteries

B) Pleural membranes

Which one of these injuries is most likely to cause peritonitis? A) Contusion to the pancreas B) Stab wound to the small intestine C) Blunt trauma to the spleen D) Bullet injury to the liver

B) Stab wound to the small intestine

During the secondary assessment, the EMT notes instability and a flail segment to a patient's lower left lateral chest. The EMT would immediately: A) Auscultate breath sounds B) Stabilize the segment with his hand C) Start positive pressure ventilation D) Apply bulky dressings to the area

B) Stabilize the segment with his hand

A 62-year-old female with severe kyphosis fell and hit the back of her head, which is now oozing blood from a small laceration. Family members state that she suddenly complained of a "very bad headache" before collapsing to the kitchen floor. She has snoring respirations and cyanosis in the extremities. Which intervention should you perform first? A) Apply a cervical collar B) Use a jaw-thrust maneuver C) Start positive pressure ventilation D) Cover the laceration

B) Use a jaw-thrust maneuver

Which statement made by an EMT demonstrates an understanding of chest trauma? A) "Open chest injuries are more serious than closed chest injuries, because air and bacteria can enter the chest through the open wound." B) "In general, an open chest injury caused by blunt trauma is more life threatening than a closed one due to increased potential for blood loss." C) "Closed chest injuries are caused by blunt trauma, and can be just as serious as open chest injuries." D) "Closed chest injuries are caused by penetrating trauma and cause more life-threatening injuries than do open chest injuries."

C) "Closed chest injuries are caused by blunt trauma, and can be just as serious as open chest injuries."

A car swerved to miss a deer in the road and hit a utility pole at a low rate of speed. Damage to the car is minimal, but the 82-year-old male passenger was not wearing a seat belt and hit his head on the dashboard. He presents as confused and diaphoretic. His daughter, the driver, states that he has a history of dementia, high blood pressure, and diabetes, as well as coronary artery disease. She adds that he took his insulin about 2 hours ago. Which question to the daughter would be most important at this time? A) "How far along is the dementia?" B) "He seems sweaty. Was he feeling okay this morning?" C) "Did he eat anything today?" D) "Does he take medication for the high blood pressure?"

C) "Did he eat anything today?"

A 31-year-old unrestrained pregnant female was involved in a motor vehicle collision in which she struck the steering wheel. She now complains of chest and abdominal pain. She is conscious, alert, and oriented with no deficits noted to the airway, breathing, or circulation. When asking her questions regarding her status, which questions should you ask first? A) "Have there been any problems with previous pregnancies?" B) "Are you receiving prenatal care from an obstetrician?" C) "Do you feel as though you are having contractions?" D) "Is there a reason why you were not wearing a seat belt?"

C) "Do you feel as though you are having contractions?

You are assessing an 86-year-old male who fell down a flight of stairs after getting out of bed to use the bathroom. He complains of severe head, neck, and back pain. Which question is most appropriate to ask this patient? A) "Were you holding onto the railing?" B) "Were you confused when you fell?" C) "Do you know what caused you to fall?" D) "Do you seem to fall a lot?"

C) "Do you know what caused you to fall?"

You have been called to a nursing home for a confused 91-year-old male patient who became dizzy and fell, striking his head on the floor. Which statement made by the nurse should be of most concern to you? A) "I just checked his blood sugar and it is 154 mg/dL, but it was 243 at last shift change." B) "He did not have any of his medications today." C) "He has a heart valve problem and takes Coumadin to help prevent his blood from clotting." D) "He is normally confused, and his family just made him a DNR."

C) "He has a heart valve problem and takes Coumadin to help prevent his blood from clotting."

You are assessing a young male patient who was assaulted with a baseball bat and struck once on the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. You would recognize that this patient has Kehr's sign when he makes which statement? A) "I am having a hard time breathing!" B) "My belly hurts really bad." C) "My left shoulder is killing me!" D) "It really hurts for me to breathe."

C) "My left shoulder is killing me!"

You are transporting an elderly female who fell in a nursing home and displays outward rotation of her left leg. She has a lengthy medical history, including dementia. Currently, she is very quiet and receiving oxygen through a nasal cannula at 6 liters per minute. She also is secured to a long spine board. During your reassessment, you note her to be alert but confused, with slightly accelerated respirations and a strong radial pulse. You also note that her SpO2 has dropped from 97% on scene to 91%. You should: A) Perform a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver B) Request ALS assistance C) Apply supplemental oxygen D) Start positive pressure ventilation

C) Apply supplemental oxygen

) On scene, a paramedic directs you to help another EMS crew who is caring for a patient who was hit and trapped under a passenger van that ran into a crowd. As you approach the patient, which scene size-up clue seemingly indicates that the patient is suffering from traumatic asphyxia? A) Wound to the chest making a sucking sound B) Abdominal bruising and distention C) Bluish discoloration to the neck and face D) Bilateral femur deformity

C) Bluish discoloration to the neck and face

You are by the side of an 11-month-old female with a decreased level of consciousness. Caregivers will not provide an accurate history of how the child came to this condition, only that she was difficult to wake up this morning, about 30 minutes ago. When assessing the child, which finding would be most immediately concerning? A) Bruise to the head B) Lack of crying as you assess her C) Bradycardic heart rate D) Healing bruises on the lower legs

C) Bradycardic heart rate

You have been called for a male patient who was shot with a rifle. Assessment reveals an entrance wound to the left lower quadrant of the abdomen. A hemorrhaging exit wound to the left lower back is also located. What should you do immediately? A) Cover the abdominal wounds with dry sterile gauze dressings B) Auscultate the patient's breath sounds C) Cover the entrance wound with a gloved hand D) Place a cervical collar on the patient

C) Cover the entrance wound with a gloved hand

You have been called to a New Year's Eve party for a male patient who was stabbed in the anterior chest. According to partygoers, the patient went outside with another male and was stabbed. Fifteen minutes later, he was found in the snow, and 911 was called. When assessing this patient, which finding would you consider to be the most serious and warranting immediate attention? A) Complaint of a worsening headache B) Capillary refill of 3 seconds C) Decreased breath sounds to the left lung D) Pain and bruising to the left thigh

C) Decreased breath sounds to the left lung

When assessing a patient, which sign or symptom is most indicative of a pneumothorax? A) SpO2 of less than 90% on supplemental oxygen B) Intense pain with each inspiration C) Decreased breath sounds to the right lung D) Crepitus and instability to the chest wall

C) Decreased breath sounds to the right lung

An 85-year-old male with a history of an irregular heartbeat, diabetes, renal failure, and stroke fell while getting out of bed, striking his head on the nightstand. He is alert and oriented and denies any complaint. Vital signs are all within normal limits. There is a minor abrasion on his forehead, but he denies any associated pain or headache. What should be your next priority? A) Ask the patient if he ate breakfast and check his blood sugar B) Inquire whether he is up-to-date on his tetanus immunization C) Determine whether he takes blood thinners for the irregular heartbeat D) Ask family members if he has developed dementia yet

C) Determine whether he takes blood thinners for the irregular heartbeat

You have been called for a 42-year-old male who complains of back pain. At the scene, the man tells you that he was lying on the floor when his 5-year-old son unexpectedly jumped feet first onto his back. He gives a medical history of high blood pressure and asthma, for which he takes medications. As you assess the patient, which finding provides the greatest indication that the patient has sustained an abdominal injury? A) Bruise to his back B) Mild nausea C) Discoloration around the umbilicus D) Shortness of breath

C) Discoloration around the umbilicus

) What is the first golden principle for prehospital multisystem trauma care? A) The on-scene time is critical and should not be prolonged beyond 10 minutes B) Determine any additional resources needed C) Ensure safety of the rescue personnel and the patient D) Identify and manage life threats

C) Ensure safety of the rescue personnel and the patient

A construction foreman was stabbed with a screwdriver in the right anterior chest by an angry employee. Prior to your arrival, he removed the screwdriver. He is alert and oriented and complains of pain to the injury site. Your primary assessment reveals an open airway, adequate breathing, and strong radial pulse. Based on these findings, which intervention should be performed next? A) Open the airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver B) Take manual spine motion restriction precautions C) Evaluate the patient's SpO2 level D) Insert a nasopharyngeal airway

C) Evaluate the patient's SpO2 level

A patient has been shot in the chest with a rifle. Assessment reveals a deteriorating level of consciousness and inadequate breathing. Positive pressure ventilation is being administered, and the entrance wound, which is located midclavicular at the second intercostal space on the left side of the chest, has been covered with an occlusive dressing. Your next priority action would be to: A) Check the blood pressure and determine whether a narrow pulse pressure exists B) Place a cervical collar and initiate spine motion restriction precautions C) Look for a bullet exit wound posteriorly D) Get a full set of vital signs and pulse oximeter reading

C) Look for a bullet exit wound posteriorly

An alert and oriented young male fell 5 feet from a stage, impacting a metal railing with the right side of his chest, just under his armpit. The primary assessment is negative for life threats, although he does complain of very painful breathing and has remarkable tenderness and crepitus over the fifth rib laterally in this area. Throughout care, which action is essential to perform? A) Apply ice to area B) Administer aspirin for pain C) Monitor breath sounds D) Splint site with a bulky dressing

C) Monitor breath sounds

While returning from a call, you are flagged down by a frantic family member of a 12-year- old male patient. She is standing in the yard, and reports that the child was shot in the abdomen and is now inside the house. She states that she has already called the police, who have not arrived yet, and that the shooter is another family member who has since left the scene. What is your best course of action? A) Go to the porch and have the patient brought to you B) Carefully look for scene hazards and enter once you feel safe C) Move the ambulance and wait for law enforcement to arrive D) Cautiously enter the house and be ready to vacate if any hazards are found

C) Move the ambulance and wait for law enforcement to arrive

Which statement accurately describes multisystem trauma? A) Multisystem trauma is the leading cause of death for persons older than 65 years B) The multisystem trauma patient is less likely to develop shock if otherwise healthy C) Multisystem trauma has a noted higher incidence of morbidity and mortality D) The definitive care for multisystem trauma is cardiopulmonary resuscitation

C) Multisystem trauma has a noted higher incidence of morbidity and mortality

When assessing and treating a traumatically injured female in her third trimester of pregnancy, the EMT must remember which important point? A) Securing her to a long spine board increases her risk for vomiting B) The maternal heart rate naturally decreases as the due date approaches C) Optimal care for the baby will come from caring for the mother D) An increase in blood volume makes the pregnant woman naturally resistant to shock

C) Optimal care for the baby will come from caring for the mother

You have just arrived on the scene of a very serious motor vehicle collision. Emergency Medical Responders (EMRs) have rapidly extricated an unresponsive female from the driver's seat. The EMRs report that she was unrestrained and struck the steering wheel with her chest and abdomen. As you start the primary assessment, you note that the patient has snoring respirations and demonstrates shallow breathing at a rate of 24 breaths per minute. What should you do next? A) Obtain vital signs B) Secure the patient to backboard with a cervical collar placed C) Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver D) Start positive pressure ventilation

C) Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver

A female patient suffered a straddle injury (genitalia trauma) while trying to balance on top of a chain-link fence, after she fell with a leg on each side of the fence. At this time, you would: A) Apply an ice pack wrapped in a towel to the genital area B) Gently put sterile gauze dressings into the opening of the vaginal canal to stop the bleeding C) Place a moist compress, such as a moist sanitary pad, over the injury to control the bleeding D) Clean the area with sterile saline and apply direct pressure with a gloved hand while monitoring for ongoing bleeding

C) Place a moist compress, such as a moist sanitary pad, over the injury to control the bleeding

During a motor vehicle collision, a confused unrestrained male struck the steering wheel with his abdomen. Currently, he is confused and complains of generalized abdominal pain, which he rates as 6/10. Assessment indicates red marks across his lower abdomen caused by the steering wheel. His pulse is 140 beats/min, respirations are 24 breaths/min, blood pressure is 108/88 mmHg, and SpO2 is 86%. The patient looks pale and has moist skin. What is most appropriate when providing oxygen to this patient? A) Provide 2 lpm through a nasal cannula B) Provide 8 lpm through a simple face mask C) Provide 15 lpm through a nonrebreather mask D) Oxygen can be withheld due to the SpO2 reading

C) Provide 15 lpm through a nonrebreather mask

A patient with blunt chest wall trauma has a flail section to her chest. She is conscious and confused, her breathing is rapid and shallow, and breath sounds are diminished bilaterally. After manually stabilizing the flail section of the chest wall, the EMT best treats this condition by: A) Applying ice packs to the flail segment B) Administering supplemental oxygen through a nonrebreather face mask C) Providing positive pressure ventilation with oxygen attached D) Inserting an oropharyngeal airway and ventilating the patient on room air

C) Providing positive pressure ventilation with oxygen attached

A leading cause of death in children younger than 14 years could be prevented by: A) Better parental supervision B) Wearing helmets while riding motorcycles C) Safer driving of vehicles D) Prevention of child abuse

C) Safer driving of vehicles

You have arrived on the scene of an assault involving a knife. Assessment of the unresponsive 21-year-old male patient reveals him to have sustained multiple lacerations to the arms and abdomen, and a section of his intestine is now protruding through a large laceration in the area around the umbilicus. He has lost a significant amount of blood. His airway is open and he is breathing poorly at a rate of 28 breaths per minute. His radial pulse is weak, and his skin is cool and pale. What should the EMT do first? A) Cover the intestine with saline-soaked gauze B) Secure the patient to a long spine board C) Start positive pressure ventilation D) Check the blood pressure

C) Start positive pressure ventilation

The EMT's primary concern with any open injury to the chest is: A) Controlling internal bleeding B) Evaluating for crepitus C) Stopping air entry D) Checking for intercostal muscle damage

C) Stopping air entry

Assessment findings for a 33-year-old female who was shot in the right side of the chest indicate that she has a pneumothorax. As you care for this patient, your primary concern is monitoring the injury for: A) Arterial bleeding B) Infection at the wound site C) Tension pneumothorax D) Sucking sound at the wound site

C) Tension pneumothorax

When treating a pediatric trauma patient, what is important for the EMT to remember? A) The elevated metabolism of a child causes this patient to retain heat, so a blanket should not be applied to a pediatric patient when in shock B) Since the body of a child is smaller than an adult's body, there is less chance of multisystem trauma C) The flexibility of the chest wall in a child can allow for internal injury without obvious external signs D) Because children tend to be healthier than adults, they are able to compensate longer when in shock

C) The flexibility of the chest wall in a child can allow for internal injury without obvious external signs

The young pediatric patient is more prone to head injury because: A) The skull is still cartilaginous and remains weak in structure B) The chest muscles are weak and cannot support the head C) The head is proportionately heavier and the neck muscles are weaker D) The brain is smaller and floats within the larger skull

C) The head is proportionately heavier and the neck muscles are weaker

You are caring for a crying 30-month-old male who fell 16 feet from a second-story window, landing on a patch of soft dirt and leaves. He is alert and oriented and seems to have pain to his left shoulder and arm. Which instruction would you give to the team of EMS providers caring for this patient? A) "When we get him on the long board, place padding under his head." B) "I will need a blood pressure every 5 minutes to see if he is in shock." C) "It is important to keep him cool in the event he is in shock." D) "Let's make sure his SpO2 is greater than 95%."

D) "Let's make sure his SpO2 is greater than 95%."

An adult female is found unresponsive after being shot in the chest. Which statement made by your partner is of most concern and indicative of patient deterioration? A) "I see an entry wound but cannot find the exit wound anywhere." B) "Her SpO2 has gone from 90% to 93%." C) "I do not think her jugular veins are distended." D) "She is getting more difficult to ventilate."

D) "She is getting more difficult to ventilate."

A new EMT who just started working with your EMS system asks you to quickly describe a flail segment. Which statement best describes this injury? A) "Multiple rib fractures have bruised the underlying lung." B) "Fractured ribs have collapsed the underlying lung." C) "Multiple fractures to the rib cage are caused by blunt trauma." D) "Two or more adjacent ribs are broken in two or more places."

D) "Two or more adjacent ribs are broken in two or more places."

You have just arrived by the side of a 23-year-old female who is 37 weeks pregnant and apneic and pulseless after being shot in the abdomen. Regarding care of this woman, which statement would you provide to other rescuers on scene? A) "Sadly, there is nothing that can be done, I will call medical direction and inform the doctor." B) "I am going to call for ALS backup; it is her and her baby's only chance for survival." C) "I need someone to listen for fetal heart tones to see if the baby is still alive." D) "Waiting for ALS backup is not beneficial; we need to provide CPR and get her to the hospital now!"

D) "Waiting for ALS backup is not beneficial; we need to provide CPR and get her to the hospital now!"

) Starting at which age should the EMT consider transporting any injured patient to a trauma center? A) 70 years of age B) 65 years of age C) 60 years of age D) 55 years of age

D) 55 years of age

) A female patient who is 36 weeks pregnant with twins tripped in a parking lot, hitting her head, her wrist, and her abdomen. She is alert and oriented and complains of a headache and abdominal and wrist pain. She denies shortness of breath and has an SpO2 of 96% on ambient air. Assessment reveals a large abrasion and hematoma to her forehead and abdomen as well as deformity to her left wrist. Which intervention would best treat the injuries the fetuses may have suffered? A) Securing the patient to a long spine board B) Covering the abdominal abrasion to prevent infection C) Applying an ice pack to the wrist to decrease pain D) Administering high-concentration oxygen through a nonrebreather mask

D) Administering high-concentration oxygen through a nonrebreather mask

) A 37-year-old woman, who is four months pregnant, complains of abdominal and pelvic pain after being assaulted in her home by a live-in boyfriend. During the assault, he struck her in the head, chest, and abdomen with his fists and a chair as she lay on the floor. There are no obvious threats to the airway, breathing, or circulation. Her vital signs are pulse, 124 beats/min; respiration, 22 breaths/min; blood pressure, 114/68 mmHg; and SpO2, 98% on room air. Which intervention is needed for this patient? A) Secure the patient to the long board, with it tilted left for transport B) Provide immediate transport with care such as spinal motion restriction precautions provided en route C) Provide calming reassurance and transport the patient quietly in a position of comfort D) Apply a nonrebreather mask with high-concentration oxygen

D) Apply a nonrebreather mask with high-concentration oxygen

An elderly female fell and is now very confused. You are having a problem getting her past medical history. Her daughter states that she is typically alert and very well oriented. What is your next best action? A) Transport the patient without delay B) Contact the patient's doctor for the history C) Transport her to a hospital that has cared for her before D) Ask the patient's daughter for the history

D) Ask the patient's daughter for the history

On follow-up, the ED physician informs you that a patient whom you transported earlier was found to have a hemothorax. In this condition: A) The trachea is torn B) Fluid and blood collect around the heart C) The pleural membranes are punctured by a rib D) Blood collects in the chest cavity, collapsing the lung

D) Blood collects in the chest cavity, collapsing the lung

An unrestrained female driver hit a utility pole with her vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. During the impact, she struck the steering wheel with her chest. The patient's airway is open, and she states that it is painful to breathe. Her pulse is moderate in strength, irregular, and tachycardic. Breath sounds are equal bilaterally, and no jugular venous distention is noted. Assessment of her chest reveals bruising and instability to the sternum. When asked, she denies any past medical history. Based on this mechanism and the assessment findings, the EMT should be suspicious of which condition? A) Pneumothorax B) Traumatic asphyxia C) Tension pneumothorax D) Cardiac contusion

D) Cardiac contusion

At the scene of a motor vehicle accident, a car has extensive front-end damage and a deformed steering wheel. The restrained driver, who was self-extricated, is in the care of EMRs, who have applied a cervical collar and continue to maintain spine motion restriction precautions. The patient's airway is patent and respirations adequate. His radial pulse is rapid and weak, and his skin is cool and diaphoretic. The EMRs report the following vital signs: pulse, 136 beats/min; respirations, 20 breaths/min; blood pressure, 100/68 mmHg; and SpO2, 95% with supplemental O2 being administered. The right forearm is deformed, and the head, chest, and upper back are uninjured according to your assessment. Your next action would be to: A) Start positive pressure ventilation B) Repeat the vital signs C) Change the nonrebreather mask to a nasal cannula D) Check the abdomen for injury

D) Check the abdomen for injury

The EMT is correctly assessing a 2-year-old male patient who is unresponsive after being assaulted by the mother's live-in boyfriend when he: A) Checks the patient's brachial pulse B) Recognizes a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute as abnormal C) Takes the time to get a blood pressure D) Checks capillary refill time to help determine perfusion

D) Checks capillary refill time to help determine perfusion

An 83-year-old female fell down the basement stairs. Once at her side, she tells you that her left hip hurts and rates it as 10/10. Since the patient is downstairs, you recognize the need for assistance in extricating her from the residence. As you start the primary assessment, you note a dog at the top of the stairs starts growling at you. At this time, what is your primary concern? A) Airway B) Pain C) Need for additional help D) Dog

D) Dog

On scene, you encounter a restless patient who has been stabbed in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and now complains of abdominal pain and a dry mouth. Assessment reveals no immediate life threats to the airway or breathing. The radial pulse is rapid and weak, and the skin cool and diaphoretic. Vital signs are pulse, 124 beats/min; respirations, 20 breaths/min; blood pressure, 122/88 mmHg; and SpO2, 90% on room air. The injury is isolated, with no involvement of the head, neck, or back. In managing the scene and the patient, which observation would cause you to immediately intervene? A) An EMR placing his gloved hand over the injury to control the bleeding B) Application of supplemental oxygen C) An EMR placing the patient in a lateral recumbent position with the knees flexed D) Family giving the patient water to drink since he is thirsty

D) Family giving the patient water to drink since he is thirsty

You are transporting a female patient who was sexually assaulted by having a foreign body inserted deep into her vagina. You are attempting to control hemorrhage by the appropriate means. As you reassess the patient, which finding is of most concern? A) Pain increases from 7/10 to 10/10 B) Large blood clots form at the vaginal entrance C) The patient informs you she has a sexually transmitted disease D) Heart rate increases from 116 to 140 beats/min

D) Heart rate increases from 116 to 140 beats/min

A confused 62-year-old female fell at home, hitting the side of a table with her chest. Assessment reveals instability to the left lateral chest, accompanied by minor bruising in the same area. The patient complains of intense pain every time she breathes. Her airway is patent, breathing is rapid and shallow, and skin warm and non-diaphoretic. Vital signs are pulse, 112 beats/min; respirations, 24 breaths/min; blood pressure, 132/64 mmHg; and SpO2, 90%. Breath sounds are somewhat shallow but still equal to both lungs. Based on those findings, you should treat this patient for which life-threatening condition? A) Shock B) Pain C) Pneumothorax D) Hypoxia

D) Hypoxia

A patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen has a lacerated liver. Given this information, what would represent the most immediate threat to life? A) Liver infection B) Significant pain C) Development of acute peritonitis D) Internal hemorrhage

D) Internal hemorrhage

If a patient has severe retroperitoneal bleeding from an organ located within this cavity, she has most likely injured her: A) Stomach B) Liver C) Large intestine D) Kidney

D) Kidney

A patient has been shot in the abdomen. Assessment reveals that the bullet entered the body in the right upper quadrant and exited the lower right back. Given this finding, the EMT should assume which solid organs may have been injured? A) Liver and gallbladder B) Liver, gallbladder, and right kidney C) Liver, gallbladder, right kidney, and small intestine D) Liver, right kidney, and pancreas

D) Liver, right kidney, and pancreas

Assessment of a 79-year-old female with a long history of medical complaints reveals tenderness and deformity to her left hip. Staff at the personal care home state that she slipped in some water and fell onto her buttocks. Currently, she is alert and oriented and describes the pain as 10/10. Regarding care of her leg, what is most appropriate care? A) Apply traction with a traction splint until the pain subsides B) Straighten the leg and splint it in that position C) Determine the presence of a pedal pulse, and then apply the traction splint D) Maintain the leg in the position found and transfer the patient to a long spine board

D) Maintain the leg in the position found and transfer the patient to a long spine board

An industrial worker has sustained a laceration to his abdomen. On closer inspection, you note what appears to be fat tissue and a portion of intestine protruding through the wound. Which intervention is most appropriate for treating this injury? A) One attempt at replacement of the eviscerated material in the abdomen using sterile gloves B) Dry sterile dressing applied over the wound C) Direct pressure using gloved palms to the injury D) Occlusive dressing applied over saline-soaked gauze

D) Occlusive dressing applied over saline-soaked gauze

You have arrived on the scene for a patient assaulted with a baseball bat. As you approach, which position would seemingly indicate that he has suffered an injury to the abdomen? A) Supine with legs extended and toes pointed B) Prone with hands on the back C) Standing with restless movement and pacing D) On his side with knees drawn to the chest

D) On his side with knees drawn to the chest

You are transporting a young and healthy female patient who was involved in a motor vehicle collision, during which she struck her chest on the steering column. Although the primary assessment reveals no life threats, the patient does have redness to her sternum, as well as pain and tenderness. Breath sounds are clear and present bilaterally, and vital signs are within normal limits. As you transport and reassess this patient, which sign or symptom would indicate the immediate need for ALS? A) Increased tenderness over sternum B) New complaint of leg pain C) Development of bruise over sternum D) Onset of an irregular heartbeat

D) Onset of an irregular heartbeat

A 39-year-old male has a single stab wound to the anterior chest. When notifying the emergency department, you inform them that the patient has a/an: A) Flail chest B) Evisceration C) Laceration D) Open chest injury

D) Open chest injury

A middle-aged male has been stabbed once in the left anterior chest. His airway is patent, respirations tachypneic, pulse weak and rapid, and skin cool and diaphoretic. Breath sounds are clear and equal bilaterally. The vital signs are pulse, 140 breaths/min; respirations, 24 breaths/min; blood pressure, 100/78 mmHg; and SpO2, 96% on supplemental oxygen. JVD is present. Given this presentation, you would have a high index of suspicion for: A) Pneumothorax B) Hemothorax C) Fail segment D) Pericardial tamponade

D) Pericardial tamponade

Which mechanism of injury produces the conditions for traumatic asphyxia? A) Fall of 20 feet from scaffolding onto a concrete sidewalk B) Person strangled but not killed in an attempted rape C) Penetrating chest trauma with a high-powered firearm D) Person pinned between a truck and wall of a building

D) Person pinned between a truck and wall of a building

A paramedic has asked that you apply a dressing over a sucking chest wound. Which option is the best choice to cover this injury? A) Dry sterile gauze dressing B) Sterile gauze soaked in sterile water C) Clean washcloth D) Petroleum gauze

D) Petroleum gauze

A 16-year-old male has been struck in the genitalia by a baseball. Assessment indicates a tremendous amount of edema as well as hematoma formation and bruising to his scrotum. The primary assessment reveals no life-threatening conditions; however, the patient is crying and rates the pain as 10/10. Which action is most appropriate for this patient? A) Rapid transport using lights and sirens B) Application of warm packs to the scrotum C) Apply direct pressure to the site of injury D) Place cool compresses to the testicles

D) Place cool compresses to the testicles

You suspect a trauma patient has a hemothorax to the left lung. Which assessment finding would reinforce this suspicion? A) Neck vein distention and absent breath sounds to the right lung B) Cyanosis and a blood pressure of 210/100 mmHg C) Bradycardia and hypertension D) Respiratory distress and the signs and symptoms of shock

D) Respiratory distress and the signs and symptoms of shock

After being assaulted by her boyfriend, an 18-year-old female who is 33 weeks pregnant is found unresponsive in her bedroom. She appears to have been beaten in the head and abdomen, as evidenced by multiple hematomas and lacerations to these areas. Which assessment finding should concern the EMT most and should be addressed first? A) Rapid heart rate B) Bright red vaginal bleeding C) Abdominal contusions D) SpO2 of 93% on room air

D) SpO2 of 93% on room air

A patient has been involved in a motorcycle crash and has a flail segment to the right lateral chest. His airway is open and he is breathing poorly at 24 breaths per minute with a decreasing SpO2. The EMT shows that he is appropriately caring for this injury when he: A) Administers oxygen through a nonrebreather face mask B) Positions the patient in semi-Fowler's position for transport C) Places an ice pack over the site of injury D) Starts positive pressure ventilation

D) Starts positive pressure ventilation

A patient has sustained a large abdominal evisceration, such that a large portion of intestines are now exposed. After properly managing this injury, you are preparing the patient for transport. You ascertain that there is no evidence of spinal injury. How should you place the patient on the stretcher for transport? A) Prone position, to maintain pressure on the abdomen B) Semi-Fowler's position, to promote adequate breathing C) Lateral recumbent position with legs extended D) Supine position, with knees and hips flexed

D) Supine position, with knees and hips flexed