3a, 3b

With respect to the evaluation of Piaget's theory, contemporary research has revealed that

Piaget's sequence of cognitive development is valid across many cultures.

Chromosomes are composed of _____, which are composed of _____.

DNA; genes

Danielle is consulting her college's course catalog. The description of one psychology course begins, "This course surveys growth and change across the life span in physical, cognitive, and social domains." This course is MOST likely titled:

Developmental Psychology

Your grandmother is in her early eighties and is beginning to seem frail. Which of the following are you likely to notice about her abilities?

Her hearing, distance perception, and sense of smell are diminishing.

Meena and several classmates are participating in a debate concerning continuity versus stages in development. Meena's task is to support stage theories. Which of the following points is Meena LEAST likely to make in the debate?

Most contemporary developmental psychologists are stage theorists.

Children start to gain control over their attention beginning in preschool. This control is related to a growth spurt in the _____ lobe.

frontal

3c

adolescence adulthood

"Demanding, but responsive" is one way to summarize Baumrind's _____ parenting style.

authoritative

Which of Baumrind's parenting styles is associated with the BEST developmental outcomes for children?

authoritative

Jean Piaget proposed a stage theory of _____ development.

cognitive

Two sealed, pyramid-shaped containers contain what are clearly identical amounts of a liquid. However, a child suddenly judges them as holding different amounts of liquid after one container is inverted. The child apparently lacks a:

concept of conservation

Western legal systems that suggest that children who are 7 or 8 years old have attained the ability to reason are consistent with Piaget's theory because basic reasoning skills appear during the _____ period.

concrete operational

Improved judgment, impulse control, and the ability to plan for the future develop during the late teens and early twenties, largely as a result of:

development of the frontal lobe and its connections with other parts of the brain.

Dr. Grove studies how obesity rates change from childhood through old age. Dr. Grove is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.

developmental

The most immediate and direct function of the rooting reflex is the facilitation of:

feeding

From ages 3 to 6, the brain's neural network is sprouting most rapidly in the _____ lobes.

frontal

In part, the trademark impulsivity of adolescence reflects that brain development proceeds more slowly in the brain's _____ than in its _____.

frontal lobe; limbic system

3b

infancy and childhood

Madison has a job, a cat named Morris, and 32 candles on her birthday cake. She is worried about finding the "right man." She frequently spends nights alone and knows she is not getting any younger. According to Erik Erikson, Madison is in the stage of development called _____ vs. isolation.

intimacy

The orderly sequence of biological growth is called:

maturation

Jeannette is in her mid-seventies and she is in remarkably good health. If she were to worry about getting sick, she should probably worry most about:

pneumonia

Susie does not eat cookies before dinner because her parents will send her to her room for the rest of the night. In Kohlberg's terms, Susie is at the _____ level of moral reasoning.

preconventional

Harry Harlow and his colleagues completed a number of studies in which baby macaque monkeys were raised with two artificial surrogate mothers. One of the mothers was made of wire, and the other was made of soft cloth. Either mother could provide food. Harlow found that when the infant monkeys were startled or frightened, they:

preferred the cloth surrogate, even if it provided no food.

When a baby's cheek is touched, he or she will turn toward the touch, and open their mouth in search of a nipple, this is known as the _____ reflex.

rooting

Three-year-old Ross happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room while his mother is in the room. However, if she briefly leaves and then returns, he will return periodically to her side for brief moments. Ross MOST clearly displays signs of _____ attachment.

secure

The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement is known as the _____ clock.

social

Questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most directly relevant to the issue of:

stability and change.

Epigenetics examines:

the many ways environmental forces alter genetic expression.

_____ refers to people's ideas about their own and others' mental states; that is, how feelings, perceptions, or thoughts might predict behavior.

theory if mind

The shortest period of prenatal development is the period of the:

zygote

Five-year-old Oliver complained to his mom that the pizza was not big enough. Oliver's mom cut the pizza into smaller slices, thus making him happy, as he believed the pizza had become larger. Oliver lacks the concept of _____.

conservation

Baby Jacquie eats and sleeps on a regular schedule. She is quickly soothed when she cries. Jacquie appears to have a(n) _____ temperament.

easy

Peter is 55. He has just celebrated his 25th anniversary at his company. He felt that his gold watch was just a meaningless trinket and was glad that he balanced his work with family life. According to Erik Erikson, Peter is in the stage of development called:

generativity vs. stagnation.

The process of developing a sense of _____ during adolescence was highlighted by Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory.

identity

According to Erik Erikson, older adults can most effectively cope with the prospect of their own death if they have achieved a sense of ______.

integrity

Nature is to nurture as _____ is to _____.

maturation; experience

Carole has stopped ovulating and is now incapable of reproduction. Carole has experienced:

menopause

In Erikson's theory, early adulthood is to intimacy as _____ is to _____.

middle age; generativity

Dr. Towne believes that genetics is primarily responsible for personality traits. Dr. West believes that experiences are primarily responsible for personality traits. The two psychologists are on different sides of the _____ debate.

nature and nurture

Which of the following choices pairs a parenting style with the correct description?

negligent - uninvolved

Anatoli and Andrei are 11-month-old identical twins. Anatoli took his first steps yesterday. How soon will Andrei take his first steps?

probably within a day; identical twins generally begin walking on nearly the same day

Baby June is now 8 months of age. Her mother has noticed that, lately, June has become extremely fearful of unfamiliar people. June is displaying _____ anxiety.

stranger

Ken and Kendra are fraternal twins. Lara and Lonnie are nontwin siblings. As compared to Lara and Lonnie, Ken and Kendra share:

the same percentage of genetic material.

Mark thinks that language development over the life span requires a slow but steady shaping process. His belief is MOST directly relevant to the issue of:

continuity and stages

Dr. Murphy studies a group of schoolchildren and follows their progress through college. Dr. Murphy is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.

developmental

Marjorie has just completed an introductory course in psychology at a local community college. She would like to take another psychology course next semester. The college offers courses in developmental psychology, social psychology, personality psychology, and industrial-organizational psychology. Marjorie is especially interested in change and growth across the lifespan. Based on this information, Marjorie should consider the course in _____ psychology MOST strongly.

developmental

Gabriela is a 22-year-old recent college graduate. She is preparing to move to the largest city in her region to complete a prestigious internship. She has dated several young men but does not envision settling into a serious relationship for at least a few years yet. Gabriela is in a life stage many developmental psychologists call _____ adulthood.

emerging

Javier is 20 years old and still very much dependent on his parents. They are paying for his college tuition as well as his living expenses. He spends his school holidays at home with them. According to some researchers, he is in the phase of life known as:

emerging adulthood