3P Urology

Which of the following treatments has comparable efficacy to a 3-day course of TMP/SMX (Bactrim) for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women?

A 5-day course of nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)

A 64-year-old man with renal insufficiency presents with proteinuria. Which medication may decrease proteinuria?

Angiotensin receptor blockers

A 23-year-old patient with an uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) is allergic to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Bactrim). This patient should be treated with:

Cipro.

Which of the following treatments for urinary incontinence is NOT an anticholinergic?

Doxazosin (Cardura)

A few first-generation cephalosporins, such as cephalexin (Keflex), have some gram-negative coverage against:

Escherichia coli.

The brand name for nitrofurantoin is:

Macrobid.

Which of the following is a beta 3 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of overactive bladder?

Mirabegron (Myrbetriq)

Which of the following medications is NOT recommended in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis?

Nitrofurantoin

Cefaclor (Ceclor) for the treatment of acute pyelonephritis is NOT effective against:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid), an antimicrobial, is NOT active against:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

In addition to lifestyle changes, which medication is most appropriate in the treatment of urge incontinence?

Solifenacin (Vesicare)

The brand name of imipramine, used in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis, is:

Tofranil.

The recommended treatment option for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children between the ages of 2 and 13 who have an allergy to cephalosporin is:

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

Cefixime (Suprax) used for treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a:

third-generation cephalosporin.

In the treatment of renal insufficiency, the loop diuretic that has the longest half-life is:

torsemide (Demadex).

Antibiotic therapy for asymptomatic bacteruria should be initiated in:

a 60-year-old man scheduled for transurethral resection of the prostate.

Thiazide diuretics are contraindicated in patients who have:

a hypersensitivity to sulfonamides.

Treatment of asymptomatic bacteruria should be initiated when:

two consecutive voided specimen cultures isolate the same species in quantitative counts of at least 100,000 colony forming units per mL of urine in a woman.

Patients receiving imipramine (Tofranil) for the treatment of nocturnal enuresis should be advised to:

use sunscreen when outdoors.

In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), regardless of race or diabetes status, the initial recommended therapy for hypertension to improve kidney outcomes is:

angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

The drug of choice for blood pressure control in patients with renal insufficiency is:

angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

Oxybutynin (Ditropan), used in the treatment of dysuria, is classified as an:

anti-spasmodic agent.

Finasteride (Proscar) is an:

antiandrogenic agent.

A 54-year-old man with renal insufficiency receives a prescription for loop diuretics. Loop diuretics:

are more commonly used for patients with a decreased glomerular filtration rate.

In the case of non-gonococcal urethritis, the patient should be treated with:

azithromycin (Zithromax) 1 gram orally.

A 28-year-old man presents with urethritis. He should initially be treated with:

azithromycin 1 gram orally plus ceftriaxone 250 mg intramuscularly.

In the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs), sulfa agents:

block the synthesis of folic acid by bacteria and inhibit replication.

The first-line treatment option for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) in children between 2 and 13 years of age is:

cefixime (Suprax).

The most common side effect of tolterodine (Detrol), a treatment for overactive bladder, is:

constipation.

Oxybutynin (Ditropan), used in the treatment of cystitis,:

decreases urgency.

Thiazide-type diuretics act in the:

distal tubule and connecting segment.

The "DS" in trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim DS) for use in treatment of urinary tract infection stands for:

double strength.

Patients receiving oxybutynin (Ditropan) should be advised to:

drink plenty of water and avoid overheating.

Patients should be informed that oxybutynin (Ditropan) used in the treatment of overactive bladder, may cause:

edema of the laryngopharynx.

Extreme caution should be exercised when administering imipramine (Tofranil) to a child with:

epilepsy.

Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) should NOT be administered to a patient who:

has a CrCl <30 ml/min.

Men presenting with symptoms of urinary tract infections should NOT be treated on an outpatient basis if they:

have obstructive uropathy.

The most commonly reported adverse effects of mirabegron (Myrbetriq) are:

hypertension and headache.

Patients taking mirabegron (Myrbetriq) should be monitored for:

hypertension.

Patients receiving thiazide diuretics should be monitored for hypokalemia and:

hyperuricemia.

An adverse reaction associated with loop diuretics is:

hypokalemia.

Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) used in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis should be avoided in patients with:

hyponatremia.

Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP), used to treat nocturnal enuresis,:

increases water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts and results in an increased urine osmolality.

The mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro) in the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is to:

inhibit the action of DNA gyrase preventing the organism from replicating.

In the treatment of urge incontinence, anticholinergics relax smooth muscles in the bladder by:

inhibiting muscarinic activity of acetylcholine.

A 48-year-old patient with diabetes, hypertension, and renal insufficiency is taking an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). ARBs act by:

inhibiting the binding of angiotensin II to angiotensin I receptor sites on vascular smooth muscles.

Solifenacin (Vesicare), a urinary antispasmodic, should not be given to patients with:

intestinal obstruction.

Finasteride (Proscar):

is unsafe if handled during pregnancy and lactation.

Mirabegron (Myrbetriq) should be administered with caution in combination with:

metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor).

Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide), a thiazide diuretic, is metabolized:

minimally.

Urinary antispasmodic drugs used for the treatment of overactive bladder belong to a class of medications known as:

muscarinic receptor antagonists.

Patients receiving tolterodine (Detrol) may experience:

nausea, vomiting or dry mouth.

Tamsulosin (Flomax) may cause:

orthostatic hypotension and dizziness.

Fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro), are a preferred choice in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis because they:

produce high concentrations in the renal medulla.

Initial and routine monitoring for patients who are receiving tamsulosin (Flomax) should include:

prostate-specific antigen.

Antiandrogenic agents such as finasteride (Proscar):

reduce prostate-specific antigen levels.

Alpha adrenergic antagonists such as tamsulosin (Flomax) should not be administered with:

sildenafil (Viagra).

A patient was treated empirically with ciprofloxacin (Cipro) for acute pyelonephritis for 7 days and returns in 2 weeks with recurrence of symptoms. The LEAST acceptable course of action is to:

start gentamicin intramuscularly daily x 3 days, then ciprofloxacin (Cipro) orally for 10 days.

Significant adverse effects included in black box warnings for imipramine (Tofranil) in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis in children include:

suicidality and cardiotoxicity.

Fluoroquinolones are associated with:

tendinitis and hypoglycemia.

When using ciprofloxacin (Cipro) for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs), the patient should be monitored for:

tendinitis and tendon rupture.

Parents of children who are receiving desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) for the treatment of enuresis should be educated that:

that the medication should be held in the presence of fever or diarrhea.