4. iv and dv

The concept of control is important in psychological research because A. without control over independent and dependent variables, researchers cannot describe, predict, or explain behavior. B. experimental control allows researchers to study the influence of one or two independent variables on a dependent variable while holding other potential influences constant. C. without experimental control, results cannot be generalized from a sample to a population. D. of all of these reasons.

b. experimental control allows researchers to study the influence of one or two independent variables on a dependent variable while holding other potential influences constant

In a psychological experiment, the experimental factor that is manipulated by the investigator is called the ________ variable. A. control B. independent C. experimental D. dependent

b. independent

In an experimental study, men with erectile dysfunction received either Viagra or a placebo. In this study, the drug dosage (none versus peak dose) was the A. random sample. B. independent variable. C. dependent variable. D. standard deviation.

b. independent variable

To assess the influence of self-esteem on interpersonal attraction, researchers either insulted or complimented students about their physical appearance just before they went on a blind date. In this research, the dependent variable was A. feelings of self-esteem. B. interpersonal attraction. C. physical appearance. D. insults or compliments.

b. interpersonal attraction

Unlike correlational studies, experiments involve A. studying observable behaviors. B. manipulating the factors of interest. C. replication of previous research. D. randomly selecting participants.

b. manipulating factors of interest

In a psychological experiment, the factor that may be influenced by the manipulated experimental treatment is called the ________ variable. A. experimental B. control C. dependent D. independent

c. dependent

If researchers gave participants varying amounts of a new "memory" drug and then gave them a story to read and measured their scores on a quiz, the _____ would be the independent variable (IV), and the _____ would be the dependent variable (DV). A. response to the drug; amount of the drug B. researcher variables; extraneous variables C. exposure to the drug; quiz scores D. experimental group; control group

c. exposure to the drug; quiz scores

Any factor such as infant nutrition which can vary in its quality or quantity is called a A. median. B. sample. C. variable. D. coefficient.

c. variable

_____ are manipulated; _____ are measured. A. Dependent variables; independent variables B. Statistics; correlations C. Surveys; experiments D. IVs; DVs

d. IVs; DVs

An experiment was designed to study the potential impact of alcohol consumption on emotional stability. A specification of the procedures used to measure emotional stability illustrates A. the double-blind procedure. B. the independent variable. C. random assignment. D. an operational definition.

d. an operational definition

Experimenter bias refers to _____. A. the tendency of experimenters to unintentionally report their results in a manner which always supports their hypotheses B. intentional subtle cues given by a researcher that lead a subject to guess what the correct response should be C. the experimenter's belief that his or her study results are more accurate than any other study's results D. experimenters that unintentionally let their beliefs and expectations influence the results of a study

d. experiments that unintentionally let their beliefs and expectations influence the results of a study