4.3 Covalent Bonds/Chemistry
How can neutral objects be attracted to a charged object?
Any charged object of some sort will have an attractive force against a neutral object. Negative charges attract.
The chemical bond when two atoms share pairs of electrons in order to get 8 valence electrons. The attraction between the electrons and the protons in the nucleus.
Colvalent Bond
Equal sized atoms means equal sharing. Symmetrical in 3 planes. Tends to be linear.
Nonpolar Bonds
Compare and Contrast O2 and F2.
O2 is a double bond and F2 is a single bond Both are Covalent, diatomic, and non polar
Do covalent compounds try to fill their valence orbits with 8 electrons?
Yes
Are both compounds and molecules neutral? Why or Why not?
Yes; Compounds and molecules have opposite charges within them that balance them out. They have a equal #
What is H2O written as?
dihydrogen monoxide
What is P2S5 written as?
diphosphorous pentasulfide
Surfactants are chemicals used to break down _______________ ______________ between _______________.
hydrogen bonding; molecules
What is NCl3 written as?
nitrogen trichloride
What properties do metals have because of metallic bonding?
(properties of metals) Lustrous, ductile, malleable, good conductors of heat and electricity, and are solid at room temp.
What is the prefix for 10?
-deca
What is the prefix for 2?
-di
What is the prefix for 7?
-hepta
What is the prefix for 6?
-hexa
The second name of the compound will always in ________.
-ide Ex- Carbon would be carbide
What is the prefix for 1?
-mono
What is the prefix for 9?
-nona
What is the prefix for 8?
-octa
What is the prefix for 5?
-penta
What is the prefix for 4?
-tetra
What is the prefix for 3?
-tri
What does it mean to have a double bond?
2 atoms share 2 pairs of electrons
What does it mean to have a triple bond?
2 atoms share 3 pairs of electrons
What are the differences between a compound and a molecule?
Compounds are covalent and ionic Molecules are Covalent
What are the two types of compounds?
Covalent and Ionic
The chemicals formed when two atoms share electrons.
Covalent bond
What is the difference between covalent bonding and metallic bonding?
Covalent bonds are trying to get 8 electrons when Metallic Bonding's aren't.
A bond in which four electrons are shared.
Double Bond
A covalent bond formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons.
Double Bond
What reasons are there for a covalent compound to be nonpolar? (3)
Electrons are shared equally, symmetrical in all planes, and are equal in size.
What are properties of a covalent compound?
Have strong bonds, Can share 1-3 pairs of electrons, Has low melting points, Most are liquids or gases at room temp, Compounds are nonmetal - nonmetal combinations, Soft and Brittle when solid, Don't conduct electricity, Compounds are electrically neutral, the smallest unit of covalent compounds is a molecule.
What is an example of a Nonpolar Compound?
Hydrogen
Strong intermolecular force of Van der Waals force Ex- water.
Hydrogen Bond
What type of bonding take place between water molecules?
Hydrogen Bonding
Which of the two compounds (Covalent and Ionic) are neutral?
Ionic Compounds
Why is water a polar compound?
It has unequal sized electrons, are unequally shared, and it is asymmetrical in one plane.
List the affects that Hydrogen bonding has on the properties of water? (4)
Keeps the water molecules bonded, creates surface tension, water beads up, higher/boiling points.
What does a water molecule look like/ how are the charges connected?
Looks like Kermit the Frog Positive and Negative charges are connected.
Sea of electrons that are shared between all neighboring atoms. Electrons are loosely held between two atoms.
Metallic Bonding
A neutral group of atoms joined by covalent bonds.
Molecule
A neutral group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. Smallest unit of covalent compounds.
Molecule
____________ charges attract.
Negative
A bond in which electrons are shared equally.
Nonpolar Bond
____________ bonds produce molecules with positive and negative ends.
Polar
A bond in which electrons are shared unequally.
Polar Bond
Unequal sharing asymmetrical in at least on one plane.
Polar Bonds
What are two types of Covalent bonds?
Polar and Nonpolar
_______________ are used to indicate the number of atoms.
Prefixes
What happens to valence electrons in a covalent bond?
Sharing of Valence electrons.
What are properties of Ionic compounds?
Strong bonds, high melting points, Most are 3D crystalline solids, held together by electrostatic attraction, Solid ionic compounds, when melted or dissolved they will conduct electricity, the compounds are electrically neutral, the smallest unit of an ionic compound is a formula.
Explain how water molecules are attracted by hydrogen bonding.
The negative oxygen of one molecule attracts the positive hydrogen of another.
The tension of the surface of a liquid caused by the attraction of particles in the surface layer.
Surface Tension
What holds a covalent compound together?
The attraction between the shared electron and the nucleus. Attraction between shared atoms Vander Waal is between molecules.
What reasons are there for a covalent compound to be polar? (3)
The unequal size, unequal sharing, and are asymmetric in at least one plane.
What happens to valence electrons in an ionic bond?
The valence electrons are transferred from atom to atom.
What are the similarities between hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals forces?
They both connect positive and negative charges. Hydrogen Bonding is a type of Van der Waal. Hydrogen bonding is stronger.
A covalent bond formed when atoms share three pairs of electrons between two atoms.
Triple Bond
Weak intermolecular force (passing acquaintances) The weak attractions between slight negative and positive charges of two different molecules.
Van der Waal Forces
What is an example of a polar compound?
Water
What are molecular compounds?
a compound that is composed of nonmetal molecules. Molecular compounds are inorganic compounds that take the form of discrete molecules. Examples include such familiar substances as water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
How are nonpolar bonds shared?
equally
"Mono" is never used to name the _______ element.
first Ex- CCL4 = carbon tetrachloride
Negative ions form when atoms ________ valence electrons.
gain
Ionic compounds form by _____________ and _______________ electrons.
gaining, losing
In order to draw dot diagrams for compounds, the middle of the compounds should fulfill the _____________ rule. They must form ___________.
octet rule; pairs
Covalent compounds always share _______________ of electrons.
pairs
Covalent compounds form by ____________________ electrons.
sharing
How are Polar bonds shared?
unequally
