441 exam 3

sentinel node

1st lymph node after orig tumor

hypothalamus

neonates have poor thermal control, wet skin @ birth, inc body SA (causing evaporation and radiation), an immature ___, dec subq fat, and the inability to shiver

spinalbifida

neural tube defect where it does not close, meningocele tx: prevent inf and surg tp repair, dont put pressure on it, prevent contractions, bracing for walking support, assess for hydrocephalus, GU (neurogenic bladder) and bowel program latix allergy can result

PTT

norm is 21-35, but on hep it should be 1.5-2 times norm. anything more on 70 is a risk, lab needs to be kept on ice

140

norm plt count is ___-400,000

hyperplasia

normal increase in number of cells in response to stress

immune thrombocytopenia purpura

not congenital or passed down, plt less than 150, petechiae, purpura, autoimmune destroy plt (chronic), give immune factor (IVIG) immunoglobulins until plt goes, giving plts doesn't work w/ this, may need to give helmet to kids, monitor plt, splenectomy to dec immune funct

thoracic

number of vertebrae is 12

lumbar and sacral

number of vertebrae is 5

cervical

number of vertebrae is 8

clustering

nurse helps pt w/ MS and impaired mobility to conserve energy by __ activities

30

nurse implements raising HOB to __ deg to prevent resp complication in person w/ parkinsons

impaired

other risks of having __ temp regulation include: socioeconomic status, homelessness, geography, impaired cognition (substance abuse and mental disability), health conditions (CHF, diabetes, TBI, poor nutrition), genetics (malignant hyperthermia), recreational or occupational exposure

c8

pinky finger is at vertebrae __

removal

pit tumor __ possible complications are: low thyroid, growth issues, inc cortisol (addisons), diabetes insipidus

abruptio placenta

placenta removed from uterine wall, dec perfusion to baby and mom S+S: pain, low intensity contractions, vag bleeding causes vasocontriction, trauma, uterine anomaly (septum, bicoordinate uterus), uterine scarring from previous surgeries tx: monitor baby, emergency delivery, bed rest, complete abruption is fetal death AKA concealed- caused commonly from severe trauma (car accident)

DVT

plt aggregation, plt and fibrin form a clot, RBCs trapped in fibrin, clot grows, inflammation tx: cleaning out vein physically (but this can damage the clot), NSAIDs, hep, fibrinolytics, ASA S+S: calf pain, homan sign, d-dimer, ultrasound

Hemmorrhage

post partum __ is more common in hemophiliacs

hypercoaguable

pregnancy is a ____ state so it can lessen hemophilia during pregnancy. factor level testing should be done thruout preg to decide tx

placenta

pregnant woman has bright red, painless vaginal bleeding, they should have an ultrasound to determine the location of the __

sleep

prevent injury in parkinsons pts by monitoring __ patterns

hair

pt has hyperthyroid, the nurse should assess for rapid pulse, brittle, thin ___ and loss

consistent

pt has lower motor neuro injury, they have flaccid bowel pattern. they should have __ time for elimination

bedrest

pts are at risk for PE if they are on complete ___ after surgery or if they have a broken femur and are awaiting surgery or if they are on hormonal replacement

baclofen

treats cerebral palsy and MS

immunosppressants

tx MS w/ ___ such as: chemodrugs, monoclonal antibodies, corticosteroids manage the symps w/ baclofen and dantrolene (reduce spasms), carbamazepine (reduce paresthesia), clonazepam (reduce ataxia) also avoid overheating, exercise strain, help w/ cognition, and speech/swallow, bladder and bowel training, fiber and hydration, vision (eyepatch for diplopia), sexual dysfunct (ED meds or for women too), depression (cognitive therapy, antidepressants), CAT (massage, accupuncture, yoga, meditation, to relax)

dopamine

tx for parkinsons: __ agonist, Ropinirole, carbidopa/levodopa (to improve motor control and needs to be taken on an empty stomach), Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor (in conjunction w/ carbidopa/levodopa), MAOI drug holiday (to reduce tolerance), pt/ot, prevent falls, ADL, feeding, swallow, psychosoc, and surgery when meds are no longer effective

holiday

use a drug ___ in parkinsons to dec tolerance

TPA

"clot-busting drug" used occasionally stroke, myocardial infarction, and pulmonary embolism

amicar

-- is a man-made form of a protein that occurs naturally in the body and helps the blood to clot.

DNC

--- stands for dilation and curettage and is often a necessary procedure for a woman. The surgery widens and opens the cervix, while scraping out the contents of the uterus. It is used for both treatment and diagnosis of various conditions. First there is a dilation of the cervix and scraping off of part of the lining of the uterus

vagus

CN that controls smooth muscle in visceral organs

L-asparaginase

MOA for leukemia

rt

PE can lead to __ side heart failure, lung collapse, acidosis, hypoxia, shock

extremities

S+S of superior vena cava syndrome include JVD, headaches and swollen __

B. Heatstroke

The nurse tells a client undergoing diuretic therapy to avoid working in the garden on hot summer days. What condition is the nurse trying to prevent in this client? A. Frostbite B. Heatstroke C. Hypothermia D. Hyperthermia

A. Decreased thirst

The primary healthcare provider prescribed carbamazepine to a client with central diabetes insipidus. The serum osmolarity is 600 mOsm (mmol)/kg. Which will be an effective outcome of the drug? A. Decreased thirst B. Decreased seizures C. Decreased urine output D. Increased serum calcium levels

brown fat

Tissue in neonates that is specialized for rapid heat production because they cant shiver

threatened

__ abortion symp are bleeding vag w/ uterine cramps, backache, pelvic pressure early bleeding disorder

empty

carbidopa/levodopa needs to be taken on an __ stomach

Decerebrate

extension posturing brainstem damage

shock

heating or cooling to quickly is harmful and can lead to arhythmia, MI, clotting issues, systemic ___, kidney necrosis. Assess that pt is tolerating it by checking for inc HR, heart sounds, color chng in tiss (mottling), pain/ pins and needles

bleeding

hemabate and methergine stops the ___

A

hemophilia _ is due to a deficit in which coag factor 8

8

hemophilia is usually factor _

duration, ischemia, 28

hypothermia consequences depend on severity and __ tiss __ - dying skin (frost bite) vasoconstriction fails then vasodilation occurs (it just stops working so you start to feel warm) at less than __ deg Celsius, ice crystals burst cells

shivering

if pt has fever, give them a spongebath w. tepid water. If they start shivering, then stop the bath (dont give them a heated blanket)

Echolalia

in parkinsons, the automatic and immediate repetition of what others say

dehydration

in response to hyperthermia, the body sweats, but this can cause __ and Na loss

ETOH

inc __ = dec clotting

1 mo

infant less than __ w. fever need to go to the hospital. they will do a lumbar puncture to check for bacteria. or blood, urine, or stool cultures

sepsis

infection, neutropenia, temp greater than 100

lavage

interventions for hyperthermia are: removal of clothing, hydration, cool pack (armpits, femoral arts, and neck), gastric ___ (enema w/ cool h2o)

tylenol

relieves pain and fever, but does not affect inflammation. can cause liver damage

frost bite

risk factors for this are smoking, poor nutrition, daily etoh consumption (dec peripheral perfusion)

fever

rxn to virus and bacteria to try and kill by initiating release of prostaglandins risks: dec immune response, very old or young, adolescents practicing risky behavior, children in daycare

Hypercalcemia

some cancers secrete PTH and bone metastasis, bone pain and renal calculi present

hypoglossal

speech is what CN?

compression

spinal cord ___ - tumor in spine, vertebrae collapse S+S are back pain, dec sensation, dec DTR, dec vibratory sense, weakness, and paralysis if not tx quick, tx: high dose steroids (dec inflammation), radiation, and debulking

T0

staging tumor, no evidence of tumor

Autonomic Dysreflexia

stimuli can cause (restrictive clothes, full bladder etc) vasodilation (inc bp, sweating, dec HR, flushing) above the injury and vasoconstriction (pale, cool, no sweating) below the injury tx: sit them up, loosen clothes, call for help, fecal impaction, cath, hydralazine

in situ

superficial (not invaded)

bowel

there is a loss in bladder and __ funct in pt w/ MS and parkinsons

seizures

these are not present in parkinsons but are in MS because of white matter problems

virus

this cancer risk includes HPV, HepB, and herpes

hypertrophy

what biologic characteristic is specific to norm diff cells but not to cancer cells?

pressure

5 yr old has hemophilia and is bleeding, the first priority is applying __

ambulation

75 yo has hypoactive response to DTR, nurse should assist w/ __

A. Examine the skin for evidence of pressure points.

A 7-year-old child with cerebral palsy who wears leg braces has a slight sensory loss in the lower extremities. What is the most essential information for the nurse to teach the child and parents? A. Examine the skin for evidence of pressure points. B. Keep the braces in good repair and pad them well. C. Select shoes that have heels that are wide and low. D. Check that the brace joints are aligned with body joints.

D. Changing disposable diapers every 2 to 3 hours

A 9-year-old child who has cerebral palsy and scoliosis also is mentally challenged and blind. The child is incontinent, has contractures of the elbows and wrists, and sits in a customized wheelchair most of the day. One goal of nursing care is for the child's skin integrity to remain intact. Which nursing action will best achieve this goal? A. Padding the child's lower extremities B. Repositioning the child every 4 hours C. Replacing the bed linens with sterile linens D. Changing disposable diapers every 2 to 3 hours

B. The client's fever spikes and falls without a return to normal temperature levels

A client experiencing chills and fever is admitted to the hospital. After assessing the client's vitals and medical history, the nurse concluded that the client's fever pattern is remittent. Which assessment finding led to this conclusion? A. The client's temperature returns to an acceptable value at least once in the past 24 hours B. The client's fever spikes and falls without a return to normal temperature levels C. Periods of febrile episodes and periods with acceptable temperature values occur D. The client has a constant body temperature continuously above 38°C with minimal fluctuation

D. Azathioprine

A client's laboratory report shows the presence of bone marrow suppression, reflected by a decreased number of thrombocytes. After reviewing the client's medical history, the practical nurse finds that the client has been undergoing therapy with an antiproliferative immunosuppressant drug. Which medication may have caused the client's condition? A. Citalopram B. Daclizumab C. Methyldopa D. Azathioprine

B. "I should check pulses distal to burns."

A registered nurse teaches a new orienting nurse about interventions to be followed for a client with burns due to inhalation injury. Which statement made by the new orienting nurse indicates the new nurse needs more orientation? A. "I should administer intravenous analgesia." B. "I should check pulses distal to burns." C. "I should prepare for an endotracheal intubation." D. "I should anticipate the need for fiberoptic bronchoscopy."

platelet

ASA is __inhibitor

lifespan

ASA lasts for 7-10 days which is the __ of a PLT

B. A fever increases the cardiac output.

After surgery for insertion of a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), a client develops a temperature of 102° F (38.9° C). Which priority concern related to elevated temperatures does a nurse consider when notifying the healthcare provider about the client's temperature? A. A fever may lead to diaphoresis. B. A fever increases the cardiac output. C. An increased temperature indicates cerebral edema. D. An increased temperature may be a sign of hemorrhage.

B. "They maintain body alignment and help prevent foot drop."

An 8-year-old child with cerebral palsy is admitted to the hospital for a tendon-lengthening procedure. After the surgery the parents ask a nurse why their child must wear braces and shoes for at least 12 hours a day, even while in bed. What is the best response by the nurse? A. "Ambulation should be encouraged as soon as possible." B. "They maintain body alignment and help prevent foot drop." C. "They stretch your child's ligaments and strengthen muscle tone." D. "It helps your child accept the physical constraints of the condition."

A. Heat stroke

An older adult with a history of diabetes reports giddiness, excessive thirst, and nausea. During an assessment, the nurse notices the client's body temperature as 113° F. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client? A. Heat stroke B. Heat exhaustion C. Accidental hypothermia D. Malignant hyperthermia

D. 38.5ºC

An older adult with chills arrived to hospital. The nurse assesses the client's vital signs and determined the client has a fever. What would be the client's rectal temperature? A. 36.0ºC B. 36.8ºC C. 37.2ºC D. 38.5ºC

cold stress

Dec body metabolism baby exposed to __ __ (infant no longer has metabolic capability to keep itself warm due to exposure to cold). what to do next? check gluc

B. Frequent diaper changes with cleansing are needed.

During discharge planning the parents of an infant with spina bifida express concern about skin care and ask the nurse what can be done to avoid problems. What is the best response by the nurse? A. Diapers should be changed at least every 4 hours. B. Frequent diaper changes with cleansing are needed. C. Medicated ointment should be applied six times a day. D. Powder may be used in the perineal area when it becomes wet.

A. Rewarm gradually

During the assessment of a preterm neonate the nurse determines that the infant is experiencing hypothermia. Which action should the nurse take? A. Rewarm gradually B. Notify the practitioner C. Assess for hyperglycemia D. Record skin temperature hourly

gtpal

Gravida, Term, Preterm, Abortions, Living

C. Removing excess clothing from the infant

On the day after surgery for insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt to treat hydrocephalus, an infant's temperature increases to 103.0° F (39.4° C). The nurse immediately notifies the practitioner. What is the next nursing action? A. covering the infant with a bath blanket B. Sponging the infant with tepid alcohol C. Removing excess clothing from the infant D. Reassessing the infant's temperature in several hours

trophoblastic disease

S+S: hydatidiform mole, can cause malignant cancer tx: DNC, dont get preggo

initiation

The first stage of cancer in which there is a genetic change in a cell, an altering of the DNA by some agent, there is irreversible mutation but the cells can still carry out their funct

C. Distended large intestine

The nurse is caring for a client with a spinal cord injury. The client exhibits signs of autonomic hyperreflexia. What does the nurse recall is the most common cause of this response? A. Hemodynamic changes related to tilt table positioning B. Deteriorating myelin sheath C. Distended large intestine D. Crushed spinal cord

A. I'll use a straight razor when I start shaving."

The nurse is conducting discharge teaching with an adolescent with hemophilia. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching? A. I'll use a straight razor when I start shaving." B. "I plan on trying out for the swim team next year." C. "If I injure a joint, I'll keep it still, elevate it, and apply ice." D. "If I get a little scratch, I can apply gentle pressure for 10 to 15 minutes."

B. Rest in an air-conditioned room.

The nurse is teaching a client with multiple sclerosis methods to reduce fatigue. Which statement indicates an understanding of the education? A. Take a hot bath. B. Rest in an air-conditioned room. C. Increase the dose of muscle relaxants. D. Avoid naps during the day.

B. Clomiphene

The nurse reviews a female client's prescription and informs the client that there could be a risk of multiple pregnancies. Which drug might have been prescribed to the client? A. Nifedipine B. Clomiphene C. Menotropins D. Methylergonovine

D. After 6 months and before 1 year of age

The parents of a boy born with hypospadias ask the nurse at what age the repair of this congenital defect is performed. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse? A. Shortly after birth B. Between 4 and 5 years of age C. Just before the onset of puberty D. After 6 months and before 1 year of age

A. The graft is more subject to hemorrhage, clotting, and infection than the fistula is.

To prepare for hemodialysis, a client with end-stage kidney disease is scheduled for surgery, specifically for the creation of an internal arteriovenous fistula in one arm and placement of an external arteriovenous shunt in the other arm. When considering care for these sites, which difference will the nurse consider? A. The graft is more subject to hemorrhage, clotting, and infection than the fistula is. B. Blood pressure readings can be taken in the arm with the fistula but not the one with the shunt. C. Intravenous (IV) fluids can be administered in the arm with the shunt but not the one with the fistula. D. The fistula should be covered with a light dressing, and the shunt should be covered thoroughly with a heavy dressing.

therapeutic hypothermia

Used to slow metabolism and dec o2 demand. used in heart surgery to dec risk of complications, related to clotting or o2 demand. also dec injury to brain from stroke w. cooling helmet

triad of virchow

Venous stasis Venous endothelial damage Hypercoagulable states

A. Fever B. Fatigue D. Dry cough E. Sore throat

What are the clinical manifestations of inhalation anthrax? Select all that apply. A. Fever B. Fatigue C. Rhinitis D. Dry cough E. Sore throat

A. Comedogenesis B. Production of excessive sebum C. Alteration in follicular growth E. Colonization of Propionibacterium acnes

What are the pathophysiologic factors of acne? Select all that apply. A. Comedogenesis B. Production of excessive sebum C. Alteration in follicular growth D. Consumption of dairy products E. Colonization of Propionibacterium acnes

A. Mifeprex

Which drug can be prescribed for the elective termination of a pregnancy? A. Mifeprex B. Raloxifene C. Methylergonovine D. Clomiphene

A. Relapsing

While assessing a client with chills and fever, the nurse observes that the febrile episodes are followed by normal temperatures and that the episodes are longer than 24 hours. Which fever pattern does the nurse anticipate? A. Relapsing B. Sustained C. Remittent D. Intermittent

C. Hemolytic

While receiving a blood transfusion, a client develops flank pain, chills, and fever. What type of transfusion reaction does the nurse conclude that the client probably is experiencing? A. Allergic B. Pyrogenic C. Hemolytic D. Anaphylactic

contralateral

__ control and coordination = cerebellum

variable

__ decel: can be w/ or w/o a contraction, due to cord compression. looks like a V, W, or U on the strip tx: chng pos (not supine), poss all fours

early

__ decel: head compression from contraction, no tx needed

late

__ decel: placental compression but not filling back up. tx 10 L on nonrebreather, inc fluids, turn pt on lt side

antispasmodic

__ drugs for cerebral palsy are baclofen and diazepam (side effect: resp dep)

sustained

__ fever- constant above 38 (100.4)

relapsing

__ fever. lasts for a few days then goes away then comes back

remittent

__ fever. spikes and falls but not to norm

intermittent

__ fever. spikes w. norm, going back and forth

pituitary

__ gland releases TSH, so an issue w/ this gland can lead to inc or dec thyroid funct

methotrexate

__ is a chemo drug that can be used to treat cancer and MS and ectopic preg

inevitable

__ membrane rupture, cervix dilate tx: notify dr., hx of symp, ultrasound, natural expulsion and DNC

ectopic

__ pregnancy is where the egg implants outside of the uterus (most often in fallopian tube) tx is w/ surgery removal (which can affect fertility) or med removal (methotrexate) S+S: abd pain, vag spotting, no gestational sac on ultrasound, but pos preg test if not treated it can lead to excessive bleeding and death early bleeding disorder

axillary

__ temp is one degree less than oral temp

rectal

__ temp: insert probe 1 inch in adults and 1/2-1 inch in children. don't do in neonates, inc risk of bleeding, high risk of infection, 1 deg more than oral

moderate

__ variability: 5-25 (does not cound accels or decels)

minimal

__ variability: less than 5 (does not cound accels or decels)

aneuploidy

a chromosome abnormality in which an individual's cells carry too many or too few copies of a particular chromosome

pregnant

a pt taking methimazole for overactive thyroid needs to contact her health care provider if she becomes __

intolerance

a pt w/ hyperthyroid might not have an effective tx if they cont to have heat __ and tremors

hydrocephalus

accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain kids heads inc w/ fluid and swell up, shunting

nonlymphocytic

acute __ leukemia is the bad one. automatically need BMT

lymphocytic

acute __ leukemia is the okayish one. only need a BMT if there is a relapse

MS

age of onset for __ (abbr) is younger than that of parkinsons

60

age of onset for parkinsons is ~__ yo

palpating

becareful when __ thyroid to not stimulate it causing a storm or release

oral

before taking __ temp, ask what they have to eat, drink or if they've smoked

small

benign tumors have a --- nuclear to cytoplasm ratio

tumor lysis syndrome

cancer cell death causes a release of cellular matter, hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia result; liver can get clogged and kidney damage can occur bcuz of uric acid release tx - hydration, bicarb (prevent inc uric acid), allopurinol

plasminogen

causes fibrinolysis

siadh

causes the body to retain too much water. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. can be present in some cancers

pitocin

causes uterus to have contractions

metaplasia

changing from one type of mature tissue to another (differentiation)

thrombocytopenic

child had immune ___ purpura due to a flu that she had 2 wks ago

NSAIDs

dec pain, inflammation, and fever. can cause GI issues and renal issues (includes ASA)

abortion

diff types are spontaneous, voluntary and threatened

conduction

direct contact loss of heat

M4

distant metastasis

hypothyroid

dry skin, hair loss, dec HR, dec RR, dec BP, cold, can't produce heat, depression, wt gain, anorexia, (dec appetite) paresthesia, lethargy, edema in neck, inc TSH and dec t3t4

CSF

dx of MS consists of ___ w/ inc WBCs

anaplasia

dysfunct of cell division. regression to immature or undiff state - no DNA control

warfarin

effects the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin. check INR

pt

extrinsic defect, dec in etoh abuse

angiogenesis

formation of new blood vessels

Glossopharyngeal

gag and swallow are vagus, hypoglossal and ___

schedule

give meds on __ for parkinsons

dantrolene

give this drug in case of malignant hyperthermia which is hereditary

MAOI

given in conjunction w/ carbidopa/levodopa for parkinsons, there are lots of side effects, cannot eat tyramine (wine, cheese, pickles, and aged meats)

G4

grading cancer, cells are poorly differentiated

G1

grading cancer, cells are well differenitated

medulla (stem)

heart and respiratory control

vasocontriction

heat is conserved thru peripheral ___ (dilation causes inc loss)

placental previa

implant of placenta over cervix opening (lower), severity: marginal, partial or total S+S: painless uterine bleeding tx: delay birth if mom is CV stable, can 'move up' when cervix dilates

regulate

in hyperthermia, the temp is too hot, but body is still able to regulate (dec BP and inc HR)

shivering, dec

in hypothermia: assess for vasoconstriction, muscle rigidity and __, cognition dec (fatigue and confusion), dysrhythmia, slowed bmr and poor perfusion (__ urine and cv collapse

basal metabolic rate

inc ___ = inc heat this is affected by food, physical activity, hormone levels

Parasympathetic

inc peristalsis and bronchoconstriction

Lysteda (tranexamic acid)

is a man-made form of an amino acid (protein) called lysine. Tranexamic acid prevents enzymes in the body from breaking down blood clots. IT is used to treat heavy menstrual bleeding.

BMT

its important to tell fam that finding a suitable donor involves matching antigens from the human leukocyte antigen sys for ___ (abbr)

abruptio

late preg bleeding disorder. separation of placenta from uterine wall, very painful, does not always bleed but you may see a lump in the abd

differentiated

less __ means neoplasm

hypothermia

less than 36.2 (97) can be caused by accidents or can be utilized therapeutically (inducing mild hypothermia slows down the body process to dec o2 need, used in heart attacks)

Proprioception

our sense of body position, check dermatomes to assess spinal cord injury

paraplegia

paralysis from the waist down, injury in low thoracic spine and below (does not affect chest)

quadriplegia

paralysis of all four limbs, injury in cervical or high thoracic spine (dec resp funct)

intrinsic

part of the clotting cascade that starts w/ plt aggregation

extrinsic

part of the clotting cascade that starts w/ trauma

higher

people who have immunosuppression are at __ risk for cancer

cerebral palsy

permanent disorder- congenital fetal development issue, head inj, in less than 3 yrs old. affects motor sensation, cognition, and seizures deg of extent can be all muscles or just one thumb dx - MRI, failure to meet milestones, persistent, primitive reflexes (babinski, rooting) tx - pt/ot speech (strength and balance), spec ed (school), meds (baclofen, botox, or phenol), bracing (to prevent contraction), antiepileptic (seizures), nutrition (for feeding), pain control

mask-like

person w/ parkinsons has which symps to evaluate? constipation, ___ face and shuffling gait

vte

pt at risk for ___ bcuz she smokes, takes oral contraceptives and is planning a trip to europe

c5

pt can breath w/o ventilation is if they are injured at __ or below

c6

pt can move thumb but not fingers if they are injured at __ or below

fibrinolytic

pt gets __ for MI, so the nurse needs to assess for bleeding (starts w. an f)

toilet

pt gets iodine 131 bcuz of that, they can not share a __ w. anyone for a while

respiratory

pt has cervical spinal cord inj, what is priority nurse intervention? assessing ___ pattern and airway

filgrastim

pt has chemo induced BM suppression they get __ to reduce neutrophil count

protamine sulfate

pt has excessive bleeding after getting unfract hep, the provider orders a lab draw of PTT and the administration of ____

tired

pt has hypothyroid if they are __ all the time no matter how much they sleep

progression

the third stage in which cancer cells invade surrounding tissues and spread to other sites in the body, cells are undifferentiated, metastasis and angiogenesis

brachytherapy

the use of radioactive rods in contact with or implanted into the tissues to be treated. exposure w/ others must be limited

radiation (cancer)

this cancer risk can be ionizing, UV, radon, or from medical scans

age

this cancer risk comes from long term exposure to promotional agents, dec immune response, hormonal chngs, free radical production

chemical

this cancer risk is due to inc free radicals, oxidative stress, due to exposure to smoking, benzoprine (reused fat for frying), ethanol, and charcoal

obesity

this cancer risk is due to insulin resistance and inc insulin production. Also inc cytokine production (which is a promotional agent) from chronic inflammaton. And inc androgen and estrogen

genetic

this cancer risk is inherited (ex. retinal blastoma), familial cluster, chromosomes (ex. leukemia risk goes up w/ downs, klinefeilter and turners)

estrogen

this raises the level of clotting factor for menorrhagia and VWD

thrombophlebitis

thrombus and inflammation. risks are cath or wire, preggo, BC, lupus, dehydration, clotting disorder, triad of virchow, valve issues follow track, inflammation in response to thrombus

lump

to assess for cancer, check for a __ or lesion

weight

to assess for cancer, check for a chng in appearance including ABCDE or ___/appetite loss

swallow

to assess for cancer, check for altered body funct such as ___, neuro, clotting, and GI/GU

fatigue

to assess for cancer, check for unexplained bleeding, cough or __

Epinephrine

to inc heat, __ can be given to cause chemical thermogenesis

antipyretics

tx for fever: give __ (tylenol and NSAIDS) don't give ASA to children or adolescents, remove clothing, ice pack (dont make them shiver tho!)

Hydralazine

vasodilator for autonomic dysreflexia

movement

voluntary ___ = both cerebrum and cerebellum

oxygenation

w/ a PE, prevent further DVT, and tx w/ __, cough, deep breath, dig or diuretic, hep, surgery

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

widespread clotting and obstruction of blood flow to the tissues, caused by sepsis or chemo

thyroid, prostate

women are at higher risk for breast and __ cancer while men are at higher risk for ___ and bladder cancer

hemophilia

x-linked recessive, factor 8 or 9, no thromboplastin formation, bleeding into joints (knees especially), nose bleeds (have humidifier), give factor in IV if they are bleeding, desmopressin (concentrated clot factors), no contact sports

B. Discuss the client's concerns

A client is diagnosed with thrombophlebitis. The client states, "I am worried about getting a clot in my lungs that will kill me." Which should be the nurse's initial response? A. Clarify the misconception B. Discuss the client's concerns C. Explain measures to prevent pulmonary emboli D. Teach recognition of early symptoms of pulmonary emboli

A. Deficient fluid volume

A client presents to the emergency department with weakness and dizziness. The blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg, pulse is 92 and weak, and body weight reflects a 3-pound (1.4 kilogram) loss in two days. The weather has been hot. Which condition should the nurse conclude is the priority for this client? A. Deficient fluid volume B. Impaired skin integrity C. Inadequate nutritional intake D. Decreased participation in activities

A. Change to a standing position slowly.

A client residing in an assisted living facility is diagnosed with Parkinson disease, and the healthcare provider prescribes selegiline. What precaution will the nurse teach the client? A. Change to a standing position slowly. B. Take the medication between meals. C. Perform self-blood glucose monitoring. d. Withhold the next dose if nausea occurs.

C. International normalized ratio (INR) greater than 4.5

A client suspected of carcinoma of the liver is scheduled for a liver biopsy. For which procedural contraindication should the nurse assess the client? a.. Confusion and disorientation B. Presence of any infectious disease C. International normalized ratio (INR) greater than 4.5 D. Inclusion of foods high in vitamins E and phytonadione in the client's diet

malignant hyperthermia

A hereditary condition of uncontrolled heat production that occurs when susceptible people receive certain anesthetic drugs. the bmr and temp go up very quickly (41 deg), tachycardia and HTN. can lead to inc lactic acid (acidosis) and hyperkalemia monitor temp during surgery and stop anesthesia if it goes up quick action necessary or death. tx w/ dantrolene to stop muscular contraction and insulin to dec K. Also foley, lavage, cool packs, and monitor dysrhythmia.

B. Heparin

A lactating woman has developed thromboembolism. Which drug should be prescribed if she wishes to continue breast-feeding? a. Aspirin B. Heparin C. Dicumarol D. Phenindione

benign

inappropriate, no spread, retains parent morphology can be lethal based on location orderly cell growth, more rapid, loss of purpose ex.) endometriosis

glucose

inc __ causes inc muscle tone and shivering which inc heat

embolus

moving thrombus

airway

nurse provides care for pt w/ thyroid storm by maintaining ___, administering methimazloe and glucocorticoids (to inc glucose they need to burn and dec inflammation)

humoral

a type of cancer tx: help immune sys destroy tumor, also inc healing of cells destroyed by cancer, interleukins regulate inflammation and interferons - slow cell division (both have horrible side effects)

hyperthyroid

sweaty skin, tachycardia, HTN, weight loss/diarrhea, inc hunger, irritability, exopthalamus (eye bulging), hypermetabolism, fever, low heat tolerance, goiter (swollen gland), inc t3t4 and dec tsh

PPE

the best way to prevent cancer in people who work w/ asbestos is to wear __

neoplasia

the new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant

Craniosynostosis

the premature fusing of the skull bones, head is misshapen

promotion

the second stage of cancer where there is enhanced growth of the intitiated cell, can be encouraged by other factors (ex. obesity)

socioeconomic status

this cancer risk ties in w/ poor access to health care screening, more stress (cytokines) and diet

T6

this dermatome if damaged can cause autonomic dysreflexia, just below the nipple line

progesterone

this hormone causes inc temp

hypotension

this is seen in MS and parkinsons pts because both conditions cause dilation

depression

this mental health issue can be seen in both parkinsons and MS pts

menorrhagia

excessive menstrual bleeding, more than 80 mL tx w/ hormone therapy (estrogen raises level of clotting factor), desmopressin, antifibrinolytics, and replacement of clotting factors, surgery (hysterectomy is last resort) depo shot and IUD can also help

hyperpyrexia

extremely high body temperature or fever more than 41.5 (106.7)

von willebrand

hemophilia carriers in x chromos, males and females equally effected equal gender, joint and nose bleeds, icepack for minor cuts and bruises mucous membranes bleed, stress, illness, meds and hormones effect severity, hemophilia

thyroid storm

high fever, inc HR, HTN, anxiousness/psychosis, may lead to death tx the hypermetabolism by dec fever and HTN

flushed

in hyperthermia, assess for: vasodilation (red and __ skin), sweating, dehydration (urine, lytes, turgor, mucus membranes), neuro chngs

vasodilation

in response to hyperthermia. __ occurs, causing hypotension, tachycardia, dec cardiac output, coagulation, CV collapse

parathyroid

in the neck; controls the calcium levels in your body, and normals the bone growth. if you have cancer of this you will have inc Ca

factor V leiden disorder

inherited 1 or 2 (2 is a higher risk of gene pass down) thrombophilia, more clots (DVTs and traveling PEs), clot process is active longer due to protein C deficit S+S: DVT or PE b4 so recurring clots, losses in pregnancy, BC

plasmin

is made w. ea clot to destroy them

Dysplasia

loss of DNA control over diff response to adverse condtions

convection

loss of heat by air currents

superior vena cava syndrome

lymph nodes or tumors blocking venous return S+S: pain and periorbital edema, neck and chest tightness, airway compression, and it is worse when you lie flat (dec blood flow) death if not treated tx: radiation and chemo to shrink tumor

N0

lymph nodes show no abnormalities

tsh

made in the pit, when low - hyperthyroid

contact

malignant cell growth is uncontrolled bcuz of lack of contact inhibition

high

pneuomonia is the main cause of death for __ spinal cord injury

postpartum hemmorrhage

uterine atony. failure of muscles to contract around BVs, should feel like a grapefruit @ umbilicus, it can come out (uterus) so you gotta push it back in tx: fundal massage, support lower uterus, pitocin, control bleeding (hemabate and methergine) caused by laceration (bright red blood) or hematoma (vulvar, vag or retroperitoneal). bulging mass sensitive to touch, pain w/ pressure, small will reabsorb but lg will require incision and evacuation clot or wicking out blood w/ guaze

suction

vaginal delivery is okay in moms w. bleeding disorder but no instruments or ___ is allowed. A C section is better to control outcome

thermoregulation

vasoconstrictors, insulin, muscle relaxants, and dehydration can mess w/ __

thyroidectomy

watch for lethargy, restlessness, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, and take thyroid meds as ordered. primary intervention is ABC bcuz swelling and Ca might be lower (due to dec PTH and a release of calcitonin)

obtunded

what is child's LOC when aroused s/ minimal stimulation

abd

what is priority w/ infant who has myelomeningocele? ABC then make sure theyre placed on their ___

different

when a child gets chemo, their hair could grow back with ___ color and texture

dermatome

when giving an epidural you have to check the pts __s

t3t4

when high - hyperthyroid

myxedema

when hypothyroid goes untx: dec cardiac output, dec contractility, hypothermia tx is: warm them, give levothyroxine, IV gluc, and corticosteroids

thyroid

when temp is too high, __ stimulating hormone production is dec, leading to vasodilation and persperation

chemobrain

when the pt has reduced cognitive funct that can last for several years as a result of a type of cancer tx

muscle activity

when you are too hot you get tired out so that your body moves less and you create less heat due to less ___ ___

ice

when you bang your knee, ___ it for 1-2 days to dec swelling. then give heat to encourage blood flow to that area

Ca

when you have low __, more bleeding occurs

bladder

#1 cause of post partum hemmorhage is retained piece of placenta post birth, #2 cause is a full ___ (so cath her) #3 is fundal massage (need to support lower uterus during massage)

spontaneous

-- abortion, usually early pregnancy, caused by congenital anomalies, maternal infection, immune response, factor hemophilia early bleeding disorder

vastus lateralis

4 mo old should receive an IM injection in the __

moderate hypothermia

86-93.2

mild hypothermia

93.2-96.8

A. Every 15 minutes for two hours

A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of liver disease, and a liver biopsy is prescribed. After the liver biopsy, how often and for how long should the nurse take the client's vital signs? A. Every 15 minutes for two hours B. Every 30 minutes for four hours C. Every hour for 8 hours D. Every 2 hours for 12 hours

A. Push-ups to strengthen arm muscles

A client who is recuperating from a spinal cord injury at the T4 level wants to use a wheelchair. What should the nurse teach the client to do in preparation for this activity? A. Push-ups to strengthen arm muscles B. Leg lifts to prevent hip contractures C. Balancing exercises to promote equilibrium D. Quadriceps-setting exercises to maintain muscle tone

D. Hypothalamus

A client with a head injury underwent a physical examination. The nurse observes that the client's temperature assessments do not correspond with the client's condition. An injury to which part of the brain may be the reason for this condition? A. Pons B. Medulla C. Thalamus D. Hypothalamus

B. Hyperoxygenate with 100% oxygen before and after suctioning.

A client with a pulmonary embolus is intubated and placed on mechanical ventilation. What nursing action is important when suctioning the endotracheal tube? a. Apply negative pressure while inserting the suction catheter. B. Hyperoxygenate with 100% oxygen before and after suctioning. C. Suction two to three times in succession to effectively clear the airway. D. Use rapid movements of the suction catheter to loosen secretions.

A. Blood transfusions may be necessary.

A client with multiple myeloma asks how the disease and therapy progresses. What would be appropriate to include in the client's teaching? A. Blood transfusions may be necessary. B. Frequent urinary tract infections may result. C. Intravenous (IV) fluid therapy may be administered in the home. D. The disease is exacerbated by exposure to ultraviolet rays.

B. Administer the prescribed antipyretic and notify the primary health care provider.

A client with multiple myeloma who is receiving chemotherapy has a temperature of 102.2° F (39° C). The temperature was 99.2° F (37.3° C) when it was taken 6 hours ago. What is a priority nursing intervention in this case? A. Assess the amount and color of urine; obtain a specimen for a urinalysis. B. Administer the prescribed antipyretic and notify the primary health care provider. C. Note the consistency of respiratory secretions and obtain a specimen for culture. D. Obtain the respirations, pulse, and blood pressure; recheck the temperature in 1 hour.

B. Applying direct lateral pressure to the nose for 10 minutes C. Reducing anxiety and blood pressure by reassuring the client E. Loosely packing the client's nares with gauze or nasal tampons

A nurse is caring for a client with a nosebleed originating from the anterior aspect of the nose. Which nursing interventions would help the client? Select all that apply. A. Positioning the client horizontally without a pillow B. Applying direct lateral pressure to the nose for 10 minutes C. Reducing anxiety and blood pressure by reassuring the client D. Instructing the client to blow his or her nose to remove the blood E. Loosely packing the client's nares with gauze or nasal tampons

C. Body temperature

A nurse is planning care for a toddler who has ingested aspirin. What assessment warrants close monitoring because an increase can result in further complications? A. Blood pressure B. Abdominal girth C. Body temperature D. Serum glucose level

A. Using Credé maneuver E. Monitoring for and reporting signs of urinary tract infection

A nurse is teaching a client with multiple sclerosis (MS) about how to manage urinary retention. Which instructions should the nurse include in the teaching session? Select all that apply. A. Using Credé maneuver B. Using an indwelling catheter C. Using anticholinergic medications D. Monitoring and restricting fluid intake to 800 mL daily E. Monitoring for and reporting signs of urinary tract infection

B.I will take a hot bath to help relax my muscles."

A nurse is teaching a client with multiple sclerosis about the disease. Which statement by the client indicates to the nurse that further teaching is needed? A. "I avoid use of a straw to drink liquids." B.I will take a hot bath to help relax my muscles." C. I plan to use an incontinence pad when I go out." D. "I may be having a rough time now, but I hope tomorrow will be better."

renal

a consequence of hyperthermia is __ necrosis due to less perfusion (dilation of BVs)

inc

a female pt may have hypthyroid if she has menstrual cycle irregulation, constipation, and __ in weight

protein

a person w. hyperthyroid should have inc cals, ___ and carbs in their diet

tremor

a resting __ is present in parkinsons

heparin

a thrombin inhibitor works in the extrinsic pathway and effects thrombin factor 13. check PTT

malignant

rapid proliferation anaplasia - inc cell death migration - through blood or lymph can make people lose weight bcuz cells require more energy

chorionic villus sampling

sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects

heat

septic shock will cause inc __

stem cell/bone marrow transplant

a type of cancer tx: allogeneic (someone else's) in leukemia for example autologous (your own cells) gets high dose chemo first side effects are immunosupression (dec WBC), mucocytis, graft vs host disease (autoimmune prob @ 1st) - tx. w/ immunosupressant

burns

severe __ dec sweat, inc heat loss, vasodilation/constriction are impaired

radiation (thermoregulation)

skin loses heat when exposed to air

handwriting

small and cramped ___ is observed in parkinsons

Hormonal Manipulation

a type of cancer tx: Some hormones make hormone-sensitive tumors grow more rapidly. Some tumors require specific hormones to divide; decreasing the hormone amounts to hormone-sensitive tumors can slow cancer growth rate block androgen, estrogen or testosterone side effects in women are facial hair and in men are breast tissue

D. Assess the catheterization site.

The nurse providing postprocedure care to a client who had a cardiac catheterization through the femoral artery discovers a large amount of blood under the client's buttocks. After donning gloves, which action should the nurse take first? A. Apply pressure to the site. B. Obtain vital signs. C. Change the client's gown and bed linens. D. Assess the catheterization site.

monoclonal antibodies

a type of cancer tx: antibodies against cancer, side effects are allergy

T4

staging tumor; larger tumor

target

a type of cancer tx: block cancer cell division, stimulate immune destruction side effects are N/V, fluid retention, bone marrow suppression

bone marrow suppression

a type of cancer tx: dec fever response, anemia, dec pus. nurse interventions are handwashing, antibiotics, WBC daily, colony stimulating factors to inc neutrophil production, blood transfusion, plt transfusion, clot risk

cushings

steroids can cause __ symps

evaporation

sweat turns to vapor, so you lose heat

radiation

a type of cancer tx: effects in path of field or total body for leukemia, fractionation (given in divided doses to save good tiss), external beam (a bunch of little beams instead of one), gammaknife (typical for brain tumor, radiation from every direction to cause less damage side effect: acute effects (allopecia, N/V, fatigue, inflammation, taste chngs, bone marrow suppression), late/permanent (cognitive, dental carries, cardiomyopathy, lymphedema, bowel injury) skin care: wash w/ water, dont scrub, use only prescribed lotion, avoid sun exposure

A. Test the temperature of the water before a bath.

What safety instruction should a nurse teach a 10-year-old child with diminished sensation in the legs because of cerebral palsy? A. Test the temperature of the water before a bath. B. Tighten brace straps securely before ambulating. C. Set the clock twice during the night to change position. D. Look down at the legs when crutch-walking to check how they are positioned.

B. Vitamin K

What should the nurse expect the healthcare provider to prescribe if a client exhibits clinical indicators of warfarin overdose? A. Heparin B. Vitamin K C. Iron dextran D. Protamine sulfat

C. The medication should be taken with meals.

What should the nurse include when teaching a client with severe Parkinson disease about carbidopa-levodopa? a. Multivitamins should be taken daily. B. Alcohol consumption should be in moderation. C. The medication should be taken with meals. D A high-protein diet should be followed.

D. Distention of the lower abdomen

When admitting a client with benign prostatic hyperplasia, which assessment made by the nurse is most relevant? A. Perineal edema B. Urethral discharge C. Flank pain radiating to the groin D. Distention of the lower abdomen

D. Early unexplained restlessness

Which central nervous system manifestation observed in a client with a respiratory disorder indicates inadequate oxygenation? A. Late cyanosis B. Early tachypnea C. Late use of accessory muscles D. Early unexplained restlessness

chemo

a type of cancer tx: kills dividing cells, nadir - time of greatest effect (5-10), regimine (timed mixture), high dose causes bone marrow suppression (severe infection risk w. neutrophil count less than 500), PPE if in contact w/ bodily fluid, IV extravasation causes tiss damage side effects are oral tiss damage, pain meds, entire body allopecia, photophobia, dec cognition, peripheral neuropathy, ortho hypotension, dec GI motility, N/V - give antiemetic (ondasetron)

surgical

a type of cancer tx: prophylactic, diagnostic, staging, debulking, cure for (benign and skin), palliative (remove parts for symp relief), reconstructive and rehabilitive side effects: chng appearance, dec organ funct

ASA

a type of nsaid that thins the blood and can cause reyes syndrome (don't give to children)

cogwheel

a type of rigid mvmt seen in pts w. parkinsons

liver

all clotting factors are made in the __ so.. ETOH dec clotting

proliferation

an increase in number, multiplication

Vit K

antidote for warfarin

metabolism

anything that inc ___ will inc heat. therefore cancer will inc temp (unless its in a gland that regulates heat)

stupor

arousable w. painful stimuli

chest

assess for PE w. anxiety, dyspnea, tachypnea, ____ pain, crackles, fever, heart sound, chng mental status, cough, rapid and weak pulse, dec BP, hypoxia, inc CO2, atelectasis, dec cardiac output, vasoconstriction, D-dimer, xray, ABG, CBC, EKG, CBC

clotting

assess for ___ issues by looking for GERD, chrons, ulcers, anemia, ASA, warfarin, ETOH, vit K, Ca, pallor, cyanosis, gums, petechiae, ecchymosis, epistaxis, dyspnea, fatigue (PE), calf meas (circumference), venous obstruction, homan sign

resistance

assess motor function w/ hand grasp and strength against ___

diabetes

assess sensation in person w/ ___ by using vibratory fork on big toe and have them tell you their orientation of their toes w/ their eyes closed

privia

ate preg bleeding disorder. placenta placement is low, it is not painful and will have some bleeding. but do not poke the placenta (no vag exam or sex)

over

avoid ___heating w. MS

heat, surface area, sub-q

babies can't conserve __, because they have a large body __ ___ compared to their mass, they have less __ fat, and they do not have the ability to correct or chng their own temp themselves (rule is give them on extra layer than needed by an adult)

PE

can be caused by amniotic fluid risks are: DVT, tumor, air or fat emboli, vegetation of heart valves, surgery on hip, traveling, inc risk of dislodgement, triad of virchow, altered blood flow, preggo, fat wt, cancer, injury to vessels, BC, factor 5, antithrombin defecit

dysmenorrhea

can be due to endometriosis (extra endometrial tiss in abd) causing sever pain. Tx w. nsaids (but those can worsen bleeding)

myelomeningocele

child has ___ (they poke out of spinal column), they can acieve some degree of fecal continence

leukemia

child is @ high risk for ___ if they have downs syndrome because its a genetic alteration

febrile seizure

children 3mo-5yr quickly goes up to 38-39 deg usually will grow out of it by 5-6 yrs a rapid inc in temp w/ fever of unknown origin. lumbar puncture is usually indicated to dx infection (STD or congenital meningitis) there is an inc risk for this if the kid is not vaccinated

multiple sclerosis

chronic disease of demyelination of tissue around the axons of CNS neurons, slow impulse results. S+S: fatigue, stiffness, muscle spasm, hyperactive DTR, tension tremor, dizziness, speech issues, vision issues, nystagmus, pain

metastasized

client has lung cancer and then new tumors in the liver, this is because they __

bracing

contracture prevention

tendon

contracture prevention is __ release (side effect is pain)

gain

contributors to heat __ include: inc basal metabolic rt muscular activity hormones dietary-induced thermogenesis postural chngs environment

loss

contributors to heat __ include: radiation conduction convection evaporation muscles respiration

Hypothalamus

controls physiological adjustment of temp, neg feedback sys, thermoreceptors detect that temp is low so then this stimulates the thyroid to stimulate adrenals to make epinephrine to inc BMR (vasocontriction and inc glucose result)

M0

no evidence of metastasis

dec

elderly have impaired heat regulation because they have __ sweatglands, circulation, vasoconstrictive response, shivering response, metabolic rate, and perception of heat and cold

hyperthermia

more than 37.6 (100) caused by a person's natural ability to get rid of heat being impaired (environment, genetic, malignant hyperthermia, drugs and meds, dec sweating)

parkinsons

most common of older adults, dec dopamine, less control over fine mvmnt. 4 cardinal symp: tremor (pill roll), muscle rigidity (masked expression, drooling and diff swallowing), bradykinesia, and postural instability (shuffling gait) also other autonomic S+S: ortho hypotension, sweating, constipation, retention or incontinence of urine. dysrhythmia, echolalia (repeating) psychosocial symp: less dopamine and sitation and mood swings lead to depression dx: hx, CSF (dec dopamine), MRI (rule out tumor or CVA)

spastic

muscle spasm in cerebral palsy, parkinsons, and MS

tachy

neither parkinsons or MS will have ___cardia

comatose

no rxn to painful stimuli

inr

norm is 0.7-1.8, on warfarin it should be 2-3 times norm

primitive

pt has persistent __ reflexes (babinski dissappears @ 6mo) (moro [startle] dissappears @ 3 mo) (rooting dissappears @ 2 mo), they have cerebral palsy

precautions

pt has plt count of 40k, they need to be placed in bleeding __

pneumonia

pt has spinal cord injury at thoracic spine, what clinical manifestations are expected? fever and cough cause they cant deep breathe and may get __

Cerebellum

pt has trauma to the __, it is expected they will have coordination deficit

cerebrum

pt has trauma to the __, it is expected they will have memory loss

Oxytocin (Pitocin)

pt in labor is at risk of post partum hemorrhage due to sixth pregnancy, labor for 36 hrs, and ___ for 24 hrs

reschedule

pt took ASA each morning for their heart, they need to ___ surgery

brady

pt w. hypothermia would have ___cardia

stool

pt w/ vte is going home on LMWH, they need to notify provider if ___ appears tarry

rest of their life

pt wants to know long they need to take thyroid meds for?

sympathetic

pupil dilation and bladder relaxation

optic

pupilary rxn is __ nerve

effective

the nurse recognizes that a PTT of 60 secs is indicative of __ anticoagulant therapy

passive, core

to tx hypothermia use __ external warming and ___ rewarming: (not too fast or you can cause ischemia) EXT: dry clothing, luke warm water bath, exercise, heating pad INT: warm IV, peritoneal or gastric lavage, inhaled warm o2

gestational throphoblastic disease

trophoblasts develop abnormally, placenta develops but not the fetus, can be malignant, abd pain and neg preg test, risk for this is an IUD

stabilization

tx for spinal injury is ___ (HALO, TLSO), airway care (no cough, risk for pneumonia) - suction,, elimination (bowel and bladder) - schedule or evacuation,,, skincare

hyper

tx of __thyroid: block iodine binding w. meds (PTU [causes liver probs] and methmazole [cannot be given in pregnancy]), or radioactive iodine pill to destroy thyroid, or thyroidectomy

absorbing

you have to wear PPE when giving a chemo drug to protect yourself from accidentally absorbing the drugs

respiration

your ___ inc when you are hot to blow off hot air and breath in cool air

coolest

your body has its ___ temp in the morning before you wake up and the warmest b4 dinner

Severe hypothermia

30 (86) or less

normothermia

36.2-37.8 (97-100)

D. Donning sterile gloves and applying direct pressure, using sterile gauze

A newborn male infant was circumcised 2 hours ago. Thirty minutes later, the nurse notes blood oozing from the penis. Which intervention is the priority for the nurse at this time? A. Cleansing the area with warm water and mild soap B. Applying Vaseline gauze over the area of bleeding C. Documenting the amount of bleeding in the infant's chart D. Donning sterile gloves and applying direct pressure, using sterile gauze

B. Fiber C. Protein

A nurse confers with the nutritionist about the diet of a 4-year-old child with spina bifida who spends many hours in a wheelchair. What should the nurse encourage the mother to increase in her child's diet? Select all that apply.] A. Fat B. Fiber C. Protein D. Calories E. Carbohydrates

C. It predisposes to hydronephrosis.

A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which information about this condition is important for the nurse to consider when caring for this client? A. It is a congenital abnormality. B. A malignancy usually results. C. It predisposes to hydronephrosis. D. Prostate-specific antigen decreases.

marked

__ variability: more than 25 tx: fix mom (ex. fever) (does not cound accels or decels)

speech

__, memory and thought = cerebrum

monoclonial

___ antibody to tx MS

c4

___ or higher dermatome, you need a vent

secondary

___ prevention of cancer includes mammography @ 40 yrs (earlier if fam hx), prostate, PAP smear, colonscopy @ 50 yrs (earlier if fam hx)

primary

___ prevention of cancer is exercise, diet, dec chem/carcingoen exposure, inc sunscreen, remove tiss @ risk, vaccination, chemoprevention

hermitte's

___ sign is found in MS and is characterized by a sharp pain w. neck mvmt

levidopa

____/carbidopa in parkinsons pt

cachexia

a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with advanced cancer

cerebral

a consequence of hyperthermia is __ edema (s+s: stupor, conf, seizure, death)

cortisol

dec the immune sys and formed in the adrenals

A. Avoid leaning forward.

When helping a client with Parkinson disease to ambulate, what instructions should the nurse give the client? A. Avoid leaning forward. B. Hesitate between steps. C. Rest when tremors are experienced. D. keep arms close to the center of gravity

D. Meperidine

Which drug may increase a client's body temperature when administered along with monoamine oxidase inhibitor? A. Doxepin B. Sertraline C. Citalopram D. Meperidine

C. Clomiphene

Which drug used to promote fertility may cause esophageal burns? A. Estrogen C. Clomiphene B. Nifedipine D. Indomethacin

B. Fingers C. Ear lobes

Which parts of the body assessed by the nurse would confirm a diagnosis of frostbite? Select all that apply. A. Axilla B. Fingers C. Ear lobes D. Forehead E. Upper thorax

A. Baldness

Which side effect should the nurse monitor for when administering androgen therapy? A. Baldness B. Headaches C. Gastric irritation D. Orthostatic hypotension