4th President: James Madison(1809-1817)
Nonintercourse Act of 1809
Opened trade to all nations except Britain and France
Protective Tariff (1816)
first protective tariff to slow the flood of cheap British manufactures into U.S.
Macon's Bill No. 2
opened trade with Britain & France -promised to avoid trade with the foe of whichever nation respected America's shipping rights
Causes of shattered First Party System
- Westward expansion - Success of Jefferon's revolution of 1800
Post War of 1812 Madison Presidency
- 1816 won support for a Second Bank of the United States - Protective Tariff
U.S. Three Part Invasion of Canada
1. Invaded British Canada in 1812, ended in retreat to Detroit. US stayed on the offensive in the west 2. American raiders burn Canadian capital of York(present Toronto) in 1813 3. Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry defeats British flotilla on Lake Erie. General William Henry Harrison overcame British/Indian force at Battle of Thames, killing Tecumseh
Causes of War of 1812
1. Violations of U.S. neutral rights at seas - official stated reason. Madison went to Congress after a lack of reply from aggressive British 2. Troubles with British on the western frontier - Westerners have been moving west from forming territories, displace Natives off their land - British violation of Jays Treaty to abandon ports -British exploited outrage of Natives by encouraging them to take action against American Settlements - met with them & gave them guns
British Sack Washington D.C.
1. White house and capital burned in return. 2. British invasion stopped at Plattsburgh on Lake Champlain 3. British siege of Baltimore, protected by Fort McHenry, birth of "Star Spangled Banner"
Southwest American victories
Andrew Jackson: rugged slave-owning planter and a force of Tennesee militiamen defeated British and forced Creek Indians to cede 23 mil acres of land in Battle of Horsheshoe Bend
Treaty of Ghent Christmas Eve 1814
Britain weary of fighting & Americans ready to end war negotiate treaty • Ended War of 1812 • Return to the status quo before the war
New political party
Democratic-Republicans split into 2 camps after war 1. National Republicans - federalist like policies - led by Henry Clay & John Quincy Adams - created 2nd bank of US 2. Jeffersonian Republicans- supported by South and West farmers -led by Andrew Jackson & Martin Van Buren
Hartford Convention (1814)
Federalists met in Hartford Conn. to revise the constitution or a plan to secede from union • News came of the victory at New Orleans and their actions were discredited • Federalists ceased to be a political force from this point on
War Hawks
Group of republicans elected to Congress who began to call for war with British • Led by Henry Clay & John C. Calhoun • Supported acquisition of territory in Canada, and Florida - "Hawk": use force or military to achieve a goal - Democratic Republicans in Congress
Tecumseh & Tenskwatawa
Two Shawnee brothers who called for attacks on American frontier settlements. Tecumseh was chief, Tenskwatawa was "The Prophet", died in battle of Tippecanoe
War of 1812 Overview
U.S. received respect around the world • Federalist party comes to an end as a result of Hartford Convention (First Party System over) • Jackson & Harrison become new politicians • American Nationalism - Future of America lay west not in Europe • Industrial Revolution in America - British blocks off foreign traffic, forced to industrialize
Battle of New Orleans, 1815
• British sent invasion force to seize New Orleans • Andrew Jackson led the resistance and decisively defeated the British: National Hero - 2000 British killed, 700 injured: 13 Americans dead, 58 wounded • U.S. Nationalism
Declaration of War
• Madison demanded British respect for American sovereignty in the west and neutral rights at sea • British were slow to respond • Madison asks Congress for declaration of war
Battle of Tippecanoe 1811
• William Henry Harrison launched a preemptive strike against native village • Harrison destroyed the village and the hopes of Tecumseh to regain homelands • Harrison becomes a national hero - "Tippecanoe & Tyler Too!" (1840 Campaign Slogan)
