5017 Praxis
Mr. Jones, a social studies teacher, notices that students are having difficulty understanding a chapter in their textbook. He leads a dialogue in which he generates questions, summarizes, predicts, and clarifies. Then the students take turns assuming the teacher's role. Which of the following best describes the method Mr. Jones is using? A. Think-alouds B. Reciprocal teaching C. Cooperative learning groups D. Question-answer relationships
B. Reciprocal teaching
Which of the following graphic organizers would be most effective for students to use when planning to write a persuasive essay? A. Venn diagram B. T-chart C. KWL chart D. Cluster diagram
B. T-chart
Some elementary school teachers from the same school plan to invite people from service industries to their classes as guest speakers. The activity would best fit with which of the following units from the social studies curriculum? A. Time, continuity, and change B. Production, distribution, and consumption C. Civic ideals and practices D. Individual development and identity
B. Production, distribution, and consumption
Fifth-grade students are studying the history of the city in which they live. Which of the following is an example of a primary source on the topic? A. A current newspaper article about the origins of the city's transportation system B. A textbook chapter addressing the industrial development of the city C. An interview about the city's layout with a descendant of the first mayor D. A journal entry about living conditions written by an early settler of the city
D. A journal entry about living conditions written by an early settler of the city
A kindergarten teacher shows students how to count objects in a set and then represent the number of objects with a numeral. The activity best fosters students' understanding of which of the following mathematical concepts? A. Identifying patterns and relationships B. Recognizing and naming numbers C. Comparing two- and three-dimensional shapes D. Applying the cardinality principle
D. Applying the cardinality principle
Which of the following is best for a teacher to have students do to help them learn about force and motion? A. Listen to a lecture about global wind patterns and how they affect weather B. Write a poem about how rain forms and then falls toward the surface of Earth C. Observe different types of clouds and how they move across the sky D. Carry out an experiment in which the distance a ball rolls is related to how hard a person pushes on the ball
D. Carry out an experiment in which the distance a ball rolls is related to how hard a person pushes on the ball
The following three lesson summaries share a common objective: The students will understand and solve multiplication problems with accuracy and efficiency. Lesson 1: Students create and test their own strategy, often mentally, to find an answer to a given multiplication word problem. Lesson 2: Students practice using the traditional algorithm to find an answer to a given multiplication word problem. Lesson 3: Students use a variety of concrete models to find an answer to a given multiplication word problem. Which sequence of the lessons will best support the stated objective? A. 1, 3, 2 B. 2, 3, 1 C. 3, 1, 2 D. 2, 1, 3
C. 3, 1, 2
A teacher gives students a set of cards with headlines written on them and a set of clippings of news articles. The teacher asks the students to match each news article with its corresponding headline. Which of the following skills is the activity most likely to develop? A. Making generalizations B. Recognizing sight vocabulary C. Identifying main ideas D. Using context clues
C. Identifying main ideas
Which of the following activities will best help students develop an understanding about the behavior of certain aquatic organisms? A. Reading a story about a fish B. Classifying shells by shape and size C. Making daily observations of fish in a classroom fish tank D. Listening to a marine biologist discuss where seashells can be found
C. Making daily observations of fish in a classroom fish tank
A formative assessment in the middle of a unit on plate tectonics reveals that a student believes that landmasses are plates that float and move on ocean water. Having the student do which of the following is the most appropriate next step? A. Give a class presentation on the concept B. Move a magnet close to the edge of a metal block and observe what happens C. Manipulate a three-dimensional model of a cross section of Earth's upper layers and oceans D. Stand books upright and next to each other in a row, push one of the books on the end, and watch the rest of the books fall one by one
C. Manipulate a three-dimensional model of a cross section of Earth's upper layers and oceans
An activity in which students convert their distances in long jumps from feet and inches to meters and centimeters can most appropriately be used to provide practice in which of the following areas? A. Physical education B. Social studies C. Mathematics D. Science
C. Mathematics
Having students observe that white carnation flowers become purple after the stems are placed in water containing purple dye most directly supports lessons about which of the following processes? A. Gas exchange by the cells of a plant B. Genetic control of flower color in a plant C. Movement of water through a plant D. Response of a plant to changing environmental stimuli
C. Movement of water through a plant
A fifth-grade teacher has students cut some two-dimensional shapes from paper and then fold them into three-dimensional figures. Which of the following concepts are the students most likely exploring? A. Rotations B. Reflections C. Nets D. Tessellations
C. Nets
A teacher shares a book about Jackie Robinson, the first African American to play major league baseball, as an introduction to a lesson on character traits. Which of the following traits will the teacher most likely discuss during the lesson? A. Courage B. Honesty C. Loyalty D. Compassion
A. Courage
Two whole pizzas of the same size are shared equally among three people. What is each person's share of pizza? A teacher gives the word problem shown to a fifth-grade class. Which THREE of the following concepts are most likely addressed by the use of the word problem? A. 2/3 is the same as 2×1/3. B. 2÷3 is the same as 2/3. C. Division is thought of as repeated subtraction. D. Division is thought of as a partitioning.
A. 2/3 is the same as 2×1/3. B. 2÷3 is the same as 2/3. D. Division is thought of as a partitioning.
A teacher provides students with a list of all the numbers from 2 through 46, as shown. Which of the following activities will best help students develop an understanding of the concept of prime numbers? A. Circle 2 and cross out all multiples of 2. Then circle the next largest remaining number and cross out all multiples of that number. Repeat this procedure. B. Cross out 2 and circle 3. Cross out 4 and circle 5. Continue crossing out the next largest number and circling the number adjacent to it. C. Make a list of all the numbers that divide 2. Then add to the list any numbers that divide 3 that are not in the list. Continue expanding the list by considering the divisors of each successively larger number. D. Separate the even numbers and the odd numbers into two lists. Make a list of every number that will divide both an even and an odd number.
A. Circle 2 and cross out all multiples of 2. Then circle the next largest remaining number and cross out all multiples of that number. Repeat this procedure.
Which of the following instruments would be found in the woodwind section of an orchestra? A. Clarinet B. Violin C. Trombone D. Triangle
A. Clarinet
Which of the following are powers of the president of the United States? Select all that apply. A. Appointing federal judges B. Granting pardons C. Vetoing bills from Congress D. Deciding the constitutionality of laws
A. Appointing federal judges B. Granting pardons C. Vetoing bills from Congress
"My birthday party was fun. I got a lot of presents and a lot of my friends came. We played games and ate ice cream and cake." During a writing conference, a third-grade teacher works with a student to improve the personal narrative shown above. Which of the following strategies should the teacher use to help the student improve the narrative? A. Asking questions about the events to help generate details B. Suggesting that the student read a nonfiction text to find more ideas C. Helping the student decide where to add transition words and phrases D. Reteaching sentence structure
A. Asking questions about the events to help generate details
"New England colonies — hilly terrain, rocky soil, short growing season, moderate summers, cold winters Mid-Atlantic colonies — costal lowlands, rich farmland, moderate climate Southern colonies — coastal plain, good harbors and rivers, humid climate" A teacher provides a fourth-grade class with the chart above. The chart is most likely intended to help students understand which of the following features of the 13 colonies? A. Availability of resources B. Population C. Cultural activities D. Role of women
A. Availability of resources
While teaching a unit on plotting points in the xy-coordinate plane, Ms. Santos noticed that some students were confusing the x-coordinate with the y-coordinate. Which of the following strategies will help these students correctly plot points? A. Beginning at the origin and moving right or left the number of units of the first coordinate of the point, then moving up or down the number of units of the second coordinate of the point B. Beginning at the origin and moving up or down the number of units of the first coordinate of the point, then moving right or left the number of units of the second coordinate of the point C. Beginning at the first coordinate of the point on the y-axis and moving up and down the number of units of the second coordinate of the point D. Beginning at the first coordinate of the point on the x-axis and moving right and left the number of units of the second coordinate of the point
A. Beginning at the origin and moving right or left the number of units of the first coordinate of the point, then moving up or down the number of units of the second coordinate of the point
Which of the following student activities is most effective in helping students learn about complete metamorphosis in insects? A. Drawing the egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages of an ant B. Listening to a biologist guest speaker describe how butterflies go through egg, larva, chrysalis, and adult stages C. Visiting a beekeeper and learning that a queen bee lays all the eggs in a hive but worker bees produce wax and gather nectar and pollen D. Manipulating the order of a series of flash cards that illustrate a grasshopper hatching from an egg and shedding its exoskeleton many times as it grows to adult size
A. Drawing the egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages of an ant
Fred, a student in a math class, showed the following solutions for two problems. Problem: Dan cooked 60 of the 200 burgers at a company picnic. What percent of the burgers did he cook?Work: 200 × 0.60 = 120 Answer: 120% Problem: Tara watered 50 of the 180 plants in her mother's garden. What percent of the plants did she water?Work: 180 × 0.50 = 90 Answer: 90% Which of the following strategies could best help the student check answers to word problems and look for errors? A. Estimate the answer first, use an algorithm, and compare results. B. Practice multiplication with decimals outside the context of a word problem. C. Multiply the first digits and add the appropriate number of zeros. D. Complete the multiplication, then use division to check the answer.
A. Estimate the answer first, use an algorithm, and compare results.
Ms. Anderson, a kindergarten teacher, greets the children as they enter the classroom and encourages them to look out of the window to determine the weather. She then writes the following "Morning Message" on a story board and reads the message aloud as she writes. Good morning! Today is Thursday. It is rainy today. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the activity? A. Guiding students as they begin to develop an understanding of the writing process B. Providing students with opportunities for social interaction C. Showing students how to use punctuation appropriately D. Promoting students' oral reading fluency
A. Guiding students as they begin to develop an understanding of the writing process
Teacher: What is the first sound in "van"? Student: The first sound in "van" is /v/. The activity shown represents which of the following phonemic-awareness strategies? A. Isolation B. Categorization C. Blending D. Segmentation
A. Isolation
Which of the following teacher activities is designed to assess the listening skills of a primary student? A. Reading a short sentence aloud and asking the student to restate what was read B. Showing the student three pictures and asking the student to circle the two that start with the same letter sound C. Asking the student to provide a pair of rhyming words D. Asking the student to say and write the word "red," and then having the student draw and color something red
A. Reading a short sentence aloud and asking the student to restate what was read
While working on a research project, a student uses the Internet and finds a great deal of information on a chosen topic. Which of the following is the best step for the student to take next? A. Making a decision about the relevance of the various pieces of information B. Downloading the information and compiling it into a packet for the final report C. Deciding on a format and outline for the final report D. Searching for graphics to use as illustrations in the final report
A. Making a decision about the relevance of the various pieces of information
"A retailer wants to determine the size most often purchased of a certain type of children's shoe to ensure that enough of that item is available to meet consumer demand.Sizes sold last month: 2, 2, 2, 3, 5, 5, 7, 8." A fifth-grade teacher poses the question above to the class during a lesson. The lesson most likely addresses which of the following concepts? A. Mode B. Median C. Mean D. Range
A. Mode
I Y m H s a lm A student writes the sentence shown and reads it to the teacher as follows. "I was at my house and saw a little mouse." The student's written sentence indicates that the student does not understand which of the following concepts? A. Most words contain several letter-sound combinations. B. Printed material is made up of letters. C. Letters have both uppercase and lowercase forms. D. Letters represent sounds.
A. Most words contain several letter-sound combinations.
Which of the following techniques should be most emphasized when teaching how to prevent the spread of the common cold? A. Sneezing or coughing into one's elbow or a tissue B. Wearing appropriate clothing for weather conditions C. Combing one's hair and brushing one's teeth D. Eating fruits and vegetables
A. Sneezing or coughing into one's elbow or a tissue
Which of the following is most closely associated with the philosophy of the Articles of Confederation adopted in 1777 ? A. States' rights B. Manifest Destiny C. Nationalism D. Checks and balances
A. States' rights
A teacher observes that a first-grade student does not employ beginning and final consonants correctly while reading. Which of the following teaching strategies is most likely to help the student? A. Teaching decoding skills and modeling how to use the skills in context B. Showing a video of a children's story and listing some of the words that are used in the story C. Pairing the student with another student who is able to use consonants correctly D. Placing signs around the classroom to label items (e.g., desks, bookshelf, door)
A. Teaching decoding skills and modeling how to use the skills in context
Mount Rainier is located in which of the following mountain ranges? A. The Cascade Range B. The Rocky Mountains C. The Appalachian Mountains D. The Alps
A. The Cascade Range
Which of the following is the primary area of focus when scoring a writing assignment based on a holistic rubric? A. The overall structure and quality of the assignment B. The appropriate use of vocabulary in the assignment C. The student's performance on a specific criterion D. The levels of performance for each criteria
A. The overall structure and quality of the assignment
Which of the following would be an appropriate activity for a simple second-grade lesson that teaches the concept of tempo? A. The teacher plays fast- and slow-paced music selections; students stamp their feet to indicate how fast or slow they perceive the music to be. B. The teacher makes loud and soft sounds on a piano; students jump up when they hear a loud sound and crouch down when they hear a soft sound. C. The teacher claps and snaps a pattern; students sit in a circle as they listen to the pattern and try to repeat it, with each student adding a new part to the pattern. D. The teacher puts on a recording of various musical instruments; students listen to the sounds the instruments make and discuss their similarities and differences.
A. The teacher plays fast- and slow-paced music selections; students stamp their feet to indicate how fast or slow they perceive the music to be.
30 ÷ 6 53 ÷ 7 84 ÷ 8 75 ÷ 9 Third graders studying division were asked to solve and check the four division problems above and then write a story for each problem. Which of the following is the most likely reason for asking the students to write the stories? A. To have students demonstrate that division can mean partitioning a set of objects B. To have students practice division skills through drill-and-check exercises C. To help students write quotients that might contain a decimal D. To have students practice the strategy of solving a simpler problem than those presented
A. To have students demonstrate that division can mean partitioning a set of objects
During the early letter name-alphabetic stage in spelling development, a student might write U for "you," BD for "bed," Y for "when," DF for "drive," and SHP for "ship." Which of the following is characteristic of what students do correctly during the stage? Select all that apply. A. Use consistent directionality B. Demonstrate letter-sound correspondences C. Spell consonant blends partially D. Use vowels in unstressed syllables
A. Use consistent directionality B. Demonstrate letter-sound correspondences C. Spell consonant blends partially
Which of the following are most important for elementary students to develop as they progress in the area of art production? Select all that apply. A. Using art materials effectively B. Representing figures and objects with a high degree of accuracy C. Seeing relationships among their work, their world, and their imagination D. Employing multiple processes in creating artwork
A. Using art materials effectively C. Seeing relationships among their work, their world, and their imagination D. Employing multiple processes in creating artwork
Which of the following is the most appropriate strategy to use when first teaching primary-grade students the mathematical concept of regrouping? A. Using manipulatives and concrete materials B. Presenting mathematics problems devised from newspaper articles and advertisements C. Lecturing and allowing time for questions and answers D. Having students write a story about regrouping
A. Using manipulatives and concrete materials
2/3 x + 4(⎯3⎯x) = 1/2(⎯x+1)⎯3 Which TWO of the following are the most helpful to teach students to use as a first step in solving the equation shown? A. Using the distributive property of multiplication over addition to distribute 4(-3-x) and 1/2(-x+1) B. Multiplying both sides of the equation by 6 to eliminate all fractions C. Adding 2/3x and -x on the left side of the equation to combine the variable terms D. Subtracting 4(-3-x) from each side of the equation to move all the x terms to one side of the equation
A. Using the distributive property of multiplication over addition to distribute 4(-3-x) and 1/2(-x+1) B. Multiplying both sides of the equation by 6 to eliminate all fractions
To facilitate student ability in displaying and analyzing categorical data, a teacher gives each student in a third-grade class a collection of interlocking cubes in four different colors. The teacher uses a piece of grid paper to demonstrate how to construct a bar graph by stacking the cubes according to color and placing them along the horizontal axis of the grid paper. Which of the following questions are appropriate for the teacher to ask the students in reference to the data display? Select all that apply. A. What is the total number of cubes in the collection? B. Which color occurs most frequently in the collection? C. Of the cubes, which of the four colors is the class favorite? D. How many more cubes of the color that is most represented are there than the color that is least represented in the collection?
A. What is the total number of cubes in the collection? B. Which color occurs most frequently in the collection? D. How many more cubes of the color that is most represented are there than the color that is least represented in the collection?
A teacher wants to describe to the class a rule associated with adding a silent "e" to the end of a consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) word. The best approach would be to tell the students that when a silent "e" appears at the end of a CVC word, it cannot be heard, but A. it makes the other vowel have a long sound B. it makes the other vowel and consonants have a blended sound C. it makes the other vowel have a short sound D. it changes the other vowel into a long "e" sound
A. it makes the other vowel have a long sound
President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation declared free only those slaves who A. were living in the areas still in rebellion B. were serving in the Union armies C. were living in the border states D. had escaped to Northern states
A. were living in the areas still in rebellion
A teacher shows students the paragraph above in order to assess their editing skills. Which of the following errors can the students find in the paragraph? "For vacation this year our family plans to go to Florida. We want to see walt disney world we want to see Epcot we want to see the theme parks. I can't hardly wait to go" Select all that apply. A. A misspelled word B. A capitalization error C. A run-on sentence D. A double negative
B. A capitalization error C. A run-on sentence D. A double negative
Which of the following tools is most helpful in determining the mass of a seashell? A. A metric ruler B. A triple-beam balance C. A 200 mL volumetric flask D. A micrometer
B. A triple-beam balance
Which of the following is most useful for a teacher to do to assess what students have learned at the end of a unit about organisms and their environment? A. Observe students as they work in groups to research a certain mammal and its characteristics B. Ask students to identify characteristics of various organisms that allow them to survive in specific environments C. Read student journal entries about insects and the environment D. Evaluate student research projects about different habitats
B. Ask students to identify characteristics of various organisms that allow them to survive in specific environments
Which of the following activities is most likely to help students understand how seeds are dispersed from the puffy balls that appear on dandelions after they flower? A. Going to the park to see where the plants grow B. Blowing on a handful of confetti and observing the result C. Planting flower seeds in pots in the classroom and watching the plants grow D. Reading a story about the journey of a spiky seed that clings to a child's shoelace when the child walks through tall grass
B. Blowing on a handful of confetti and observing the result
Which of the following student activities best helps students understand the fundamental process by which scientific knowledge changes? A. Making a flowchart of the steps of an inquiry activity B. Conducting an experiment and analyzing data to evaluate a hypothesis C. Observing a group of scientists discussing how they used data to draw conclusions D. Creating a poster showing the materials for an investigation
B. Conducting an experiment and analyzing data to evaluate a hypothesis
A teacher observes that a student is having difficulty reading a list of words that includes "spoil," "bead," "tray," and "train." The teacher can best address the student's needs by providing additional instruction in which of the following phonetic elements? A. Prefixes B. Diphthongs C. Onsets D. Rimes
B. Diphthongs
Karl, a student in first grade is having difficulty adjusting to healthful food that his parents have been trying to add to his diet. Karl's parents ask the teacher for suggestions to help him adapt to the change. Which of the following is the most appropriate suggestion for the teacher to give? A. Continue to provide the healthful food, and insist that Karl eat it B. Discuss the food's benefits with Karl, and let him help prepare the meals that include the new food C. Allow Karl to eat the foods that are familiar to him and that he prefers D. Provide both the healthful food and the more familiar food, and allow Karl to choose which to eat
B. Discuss the food's benefits with Karl, and let him help prepare the meals that include the new food
A teacher is planning to introduce a unit on Impressionism by showing the works of famous artists. Which of the following groups of artists is most appropriate to use? A. Jackson Pollock, Georgia O'Keeffe, Jasper Johns B. Edgar Degas, Claude Monet, Paul Cézanne C. Jacob Lawrence, Romare Bearden, Horace Pippin D. Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Rembrandt
B. Edgar Degas, Claude Monet, Paul Cézanne
Of the following concepts, which is most directly addressed by having students describe how their hands feel when holding an ice cube? A. Vaporization B. Heat transfer C. Electricity D. Force
B. Heat transfer
Which of the following activities would be most effective in creating a democratic classroom? A. Helping students to create models of important government buildings B. Holding class meetings with students to discuss issues and make decisions C. Assigning students to role-play ways to be good citizens of a community D. Reading students a book about the writing of the United States Constitution
B. Holding class meetings with students to discuss issues and make decisions
Which of the following skills must a child master before learning to skip? A. Running B. Hopping C. Walking backward D. Crab walking
B. Hopping
Students in an upper-elementary grade are using a map of the Western Hemisphere to answer questions about places, landmarks, and geographical features. The activity best assesses which of the following social studies skills? A. Building models and hypotheses B. Interpreting graphic representations C. Understanding the lessons of history D. Predicting data outcomes
B. Interpreting graphic representations
A fifth-grade teacher writes the following on the board. Hollow n. low-lying land; small depression in a flat surface adj. empty, with nothing inside v. to hollow out; to make something hollow Which of the following sentences uses "hollow" as a noun, as in the first definition given? A. Ashley's hollow features displayed her disappointment over losing her pet. B. Marsha's sheep were grazing in the wide hollow between the mountains. C. Jack's camera captured the raccoons trying to hollow out an old log. D. Lilly's footsteps echoed with a hollow sound as she entered the old general store.
B. Marsha's sheep were grazing in the wide hollow between the mountains.
Fifth-grade students create Table A to represent the number of sandwiches they each ate during the last month. The teacher then shows the students that redistributing the pictures of sandwiches equally among the students creates Table B. The activity will best help students understand which of the following mathematical concepts? A. Probability B. Mean C. Range D. Proportions
B. Mean
Which of the following student activities is most effective when teaching students about the interactions of the Sun, Earth, and Moon? A. Placing a watermelon, an orange, and a cherry in a row to represent the Sun, Earth, and Moon B. Observing the changing appearance of the Moon during the night on Earth over the course of a month C. Digging in the school garden to uncover small meteorites that fell from outer space long ago D. Reading about how organisms that live at the shore are affected by tides
B. Observing the changing appearance of the Moon during the night on Earth over the course of a month
Which of the following instruments has the highest pitch? A. Trombone B. Piccolo C. Alto saxophone D. Clarinet
B. Piccolo (Type of flute)
To introduce students to geometry, a first-grade teacher selects a variety of classroom objects having different shapes and passes them to the students. Which of the following concepts is most appropriate for the students to explore? A. Measurement of angles B. Plane and solid figures C. Area and perimeter D. Reflection and rotation
B. Plane and solid figures
Which of the following will most likely reduce the number of accidents on school playgrounds? A. Scheduling the same playground times for students in primary and intermediate grades B. Posting informational signs that show how to use playground equipment properly C. Asking students to monitor playground activities D. Having asphalt or concrete surfaces installed to ensure better traction for playground users
B. Posting informational signs that show how to use playground equipment properly
25÷10=N A third-grade teacher asks students to write a word problem for the number sentence above, where N is the exact answer to the problem. Which of the following student responses best satisfies the conditions set by the teacher? A. A team of 10 students wins 25 movie tickets. How many tickets will each student get? B. Ten students tied for the winning prize of $25 in a contest. How many dollars will each student receive? C. Twenty-five children at a birthday party will eat 10 pizzas. How many slices will each child have? D. A tub of paint holds 25 gallons. How many 10-pint cans can be completely filled with paint before the tub is empty?
B. Ten students tied for the winning prize of $25 in a contest. How many dollars will each student receive?
A teacher places some items on a table and then asks students to predict whether the items will sink or float in a container filled with water. Which of the following information will be most helpful to provide to the students? A. The temperature of the water B. The density of each item C. The capacity of the container D. The volume of the water
B. The density of each item
As part of a language arts program, a first-grade teacher often reads aloud from books, makes shopping lists with students, and displays pictures and prints in the classroom. The teacher's activities are primarily focused on meeting which of the following student needs? A. The need for social adjustment B. The need for reading readiness C. The need for motor development D. The need for improved auditory ability
B. The need for reading readiness
A fourth-grade class is discussing the problem shown. "Sid is traveling by train from Little City to Big City. The train departs Little City at 8:30 A.M. and arrives in Big City at 9:15 P.M. How long does it take the train to travel from Little City to Big City?" During the discussion, one student says, "All you have to do is subtract 830 from 915, and you have the answer! It's 85 minutes." For which of the following reasons is the student incorrect? A. The student did not consider how fast the train was traveling. B. The student used an inappropriate number-base system to calculate elapsed time. C. The student did not consider the distance between the cities. D. The student made a subtraction error in calculating elapsed time.
B. The student used an inappropriate number-base system to calculate elapsed time.
A fifth-grade teacher in an urban school is having the class read the humorous book The Noonday Friends, set in New York City's Greenwich Village, by Mary Stolz. A new student, who lived in a rural community for his entire life prior to moving to the school, is having difficulty understanding the story, although he has read many books of comparable difficulty. Which of the following is the most probable explanation for the student's difficulty in comprehension? A. The student's reading achievement level is significantly below that of the rest of the class. B. The student's experiences do not include knowledge of the topic discussed in the book. C. The student's former reading instruction focused exclusively on the development of word-attack skills. D. The student's oral language abilities are significantly above the student's reading achievement level.
B. The student's experiences do not include knowledge of the topic discussed in the book.
A fourth-grade teacher uses a group activity to introduce a unit. During the activity, the students in each group find all the factors of several numbers. Students then sort the numbers by writing any number with only two factors on one sheet of paper and any number with more than two factors on another sheet of paper. What is most likely the purpose of the activity? A. To determine the number of factors for numbers B. To distinguish between prime and composite numbers C. To develop the concept of greatest common factor for numbers D. To find and use factor trees for numbers
B. To distinguish between prime and composite numbers
Which of the following activities will best help kindergarten students understand the concept of negative numbers? A. Watching a needle on a dial that shows how fast a wheel is turning B. Using a thermometer to illustrate extreme temperatures recorded at the South Pole C. Moving the hands of a clock back an hour at the beginning of daylight saving time D. Placing money from a change purse into a piggy bank
B. Using a thermometer to illustrate extreme temperatures recorded at the South Pole
Students place unit cubes in a rectangular solid until the base is covered. Students continue adding layers of cubes until the solid is filled to the top. Which of the following concepts does the activity address? A. Area B. Volume C. Perimeter D. Circumference
B. Volume
A teacher is informally assessing second-grade students' listening-comprehension skills after reading Aesop's fable about the lion and the mouse. Which of the following prompts requires the children to draw an inference from the fable? A. Who are the characters in the fable? B. What lesson does the fable teach us? C. How does the mouse help the lion? D. Can mice and lions really talk?
B. What lesson does the fable teach us?
After reading a short story, fifth graders were asked to respond in writing to the following questions. 1. Do you think the plan the characters devised worked? Why or why not? 2. What song did the author quote in the story? Which of the following questions would assess a different kind of comprehension from that assessed by questions 1 and 2 ? A. Who had an occupation as a teacher? B. What other ending could you develop for the story? C. When and where did the story take place? D. Why was the brother right to tell about the plan?
B. What other ending could you develop for the story?
Students in a sixth-grade class are preparing to give oral reports on famous writers they have researched. Which of the following is most helpful for students to do when preparing to speak in front of an audience? A. Make copies of the report to distribute to the class before the presentation B. Write key words on note cards to refer to during the presentation C. Memorize the entire report D. Create a media-based presentation to read from directly
B. Write key words on note cards
"Leo has five fewer magnets than Su-Ling" A teacher in a fifth-grade math class asks the students to write an equation in two variables that represents the word problem shown. Many students write an incorrect equation. Which of the following strategies will best help the students learn how to write a correct equation? A. Translating each word into a symbol or operation as the sentence is read left to right B. Writing pairs of numbers that make the problem statement true and identifying a pattern in the numbers before using variables C. Representing the number of magnets one person has by using a variable and then representing the number of magnets the other person has using the same variable D. Using counters to represent the number of magnets Leo has and taking away five to get the number of magnets Su-Ling has
B. Writing pairs of numbers that make the problem statement true and identifying a pattern in the numbers before using variables
As part of a unit on the American Revolution, a social studies teacher asks half of the class to study the views of the Loyalists sympathetic to Britain and the other half to study the views of the Patriots. The activity culminates with a debate over which group's views are more compelling. The activity is primarily aimed at developing students' ability to A. challenge assumptions B. consider different points of view C. develop alternate solutions D. determine relevant information
B. consider different points of view
A second-grade teacher shows students a physical map of the county in which they live. The teacher highlights the location of the rivers, lakes, agricultural resources, and residential areas. The teacher is most likely helping the students understand that A. Earth has many different land and water forms B. there is a relationship between physical features and human settlement C. ecosystems have a delicate balance that must be maintained D. people with similar cultures often settle close to one another
B. there is a relationship between physical features and human settlement
Which of the following is the correct definition of a river delta? A. The place where a river empties into a larger body of water B. A wall built across a river, creating a lake that stores water C. A land area formed by soil left behind as a river drains into a larger body of water D. The starting point of a river
C. A land area formed by soil left behind as a river drains into a larger body of water
Which TWO of the following student activities are most effective at helping students learn about chemical change? A. Using shovels to break up the soil in the school garden B. Looking at photographs of a new silver bracelet and an old silver bracelet that has tarnished over time C. Adding starch to a yellow iodine solution and observing the color of the solution change to purple D. Writing messages on paper with invisible ink made of lemon juice, then heating the paper until the ink turns brown
C. Adding starch to a yellow iodine solution and observing the color of the solution change to purple D. Writing messages on paper with invisible ink made of lemon juice, then heating the paper until the ink turns brown
In a physical education class, small-group activities that focus on cooperative learning through student interaction will most likely require which of the following? A. Organizational skills B. Note-taking skills C. Collaborative skills D. Metacognitive skills
C. Collaborative skills
"Alex and Juanita have a total of 10 apples. If the number of apples that Alex has is 2 less than the number of apples that Juanita has, what is the number of apples that Alex has?" A sixth-grade teacher wants students to write equations from a given context such as the word problem shown. Which of the following strategies will best help students to translate the word problem into an equation? A. Asking students to make a graph of the situation B. Asking students to guess and test different number pairs C. Asking students to model the situation with hypothetical numerical expressions D. Asking students to find an answer to the word problem before writing the equation
C. Asking students to model the situation with hypothetical numerical expressions
Which of the following is most important to monitor closely when managing diabetes? A. Blood pressure B. Cholesterol C. Blood sugar D. Sodium
C. Blood sugar
A kindergarten teacher opens a storybook to the middle and asks a student, "Where on this page should I begin reading?" The teacher is most likely evaluating the student's understanding of which of the following? A. Receptive vocabulary B. Phonological awareness C. Concepts of print D. Alphabetic principle
C. Concepts of print
Ms. Bartholomew teaches a class of fifth graders from a variety of ethnic backgrounds. She often uses formal and informal rules to guide class discussion. In some cases, she uses playing cards to order the responses from the students. In other cases, she uses rules of procedure to guide class discussion, such as having students call on each other to give responses or limiting the length of their responses with a timer. What knowledge does the teacher demonstrate by using multiple discussion formats? A. Formal speaking requires different skills than informal speaking. B. Students will not respect the speaking styles of others unless they are taught to. C. Conversation styles, including taking turns, are not uniform across cultures. D. The teacher is allowing the students to take a leadership role, which will increase self-confidence.
C. Conversation styles, including taking turns, are not uniform across cultures.
Students in a fourth-grade class are asked to find the length of the line segment shown. A common incorrect answer given by fourth graders is 4 inches. A teacher who is developing a lesson plan on measurement wants to help students avoid the misconception that results in the incorrect answer. Which of the following tasks is best for the teacher to include in the lesson plan? A. Completing a table with the lengths of several different objects and comparing the objects based on their measurable attributes B. Using a piece of string that is the length of the line segment to measure the length of different objects around the room C. Creating and using homemade rulers that use unit models of length so students realize that the spaces on the rulers are more important than the marks on the rulers D. Using a ruler to measure pictures of objects
C. Creating and using homemade rulers that use unit models of length so students realize that the spaces on the rulers are more important than the marks on the rulers
"It took the child a long time to lick the mile high ice cream cone." As used in the sentence, "mile high" is an example of which of the following? A. Simile B. Personification C. Hyperbole D. Oxymoron
C. Hyperbole
Having students do which of the following will most effectively help them learn about erosion? A. Look at a series of images taken from a satellite that show the formation of a river delta over time B. Visit an aquarium and carry out an investigation about the buildup of a coral reef C. Pour water on a slanted board covered with sand and observe the sand being washed away D. Listen to the teacher talk about cave formation
C. Pour water on a slanted board covered with sand and observe the sand being washed away
The writing sample below is typical of a particular student's work. "Me and my Mom are great buddies. We always go so many fun places together. Just yesterday a friend of ours gave my Mom and I tickets to a terific baseball game." The teacher can best help the student's writing development by reviewing which of the following with the student? A. Syntax B. Verbs C. Pronouns D. Spelling
C. Pronouns
Which of the following are complementary colors on a color wheel? A. Black and red B. Blue and purple C. Red and green D. Yellow and orange
C. Red and green
While working on a writing assignment, a student asks a peer to listen to her read the rough draft and offer suggestions for clarifying, expanding, or condensing parts of the draft. The student is engaged in which stage of the writing process? A. Proofing B. Outlining C. Revising D. Publishing
C. Revising
Which of the following is a student activity that reinforces the poetic element of alliteration? A. Students are given a page with a word written down the left side. They are asked to write a sentence or phrase, each one starting with a letter in the word. B. Students are given a page with a topic written on it. They are asked to write five lines about the topic they have been given. C. Students are given a page with a letter centered on the page. They are asked to write a sentence with four to six words, with each word starting with the letter on the page. D. Students are given a page with a word centered on the page. They are asked to write as many words as they can that rhyme with the word.
C. Students are given a page with a letter centered on the page. They are asked to write a sentence with four to six words, with each word starting with the letter on the page.
The expression 2w+3 represents the difference, in dollars, between Jane's savings and Eve's savings after w weeks of saving for a trip. Which of the following must be used to determine the value of the difference between Jane's savings and Eve's savings after three weeks? A. The associative property B. The distributive property C. Substitution D. Multiplicative inverse
C. Substitution
Which of the following is most important for a student to consider before creating a net of a geometric solid? A. The number of cubes with sides of unit length that can fit inside the geometric solid B. The number of vertices of the geometric solid C. The shape of each face of the geometric solid and where the faces can be connected D. The total surface area of the geometric solid
C. The shape of each face of the geometric solid and where the faces can be connected
An upper-elementary student decides to use a pie chart (circle graph) to show the progression of change in a town's population over a long period of time. Of the following, which statement is the most accurate assessment of the student's choice to use a pie chart for the task? A. The student's choice is appropriate since a pie chart allows the student to show the population for each year in percentages. B. The student's choice is appropriate since a pie chart can be divided into as many parts as needed. C. The student's choice is inappropriate since a pie chart is best used for showing the relationship between parts and wholes. D. The student's choice is inappropriate since a pie chart requires information on more than one variable.
C. The student's choice is inappropriate since a pie chart is best used for showing the relationship between parts and wholes.
Which of the following describes the most appropriate assessment of students' inquiry skills? A. The teacher administers a multiple-choice test about the scientific process. B. Students draw measurement tools typically used in science. C. The teacher observes students as they carry out an investigation and interpret their results. D. Students write research reports summarizing their findings about how to conduct experiments.
C. The teacher observes students as they carry out an investigation and interpret their results.
Which of the following activities is most likely to be achieved independently by typically developing kindergarten students? A. Dribbling a basketball with one hand B. Juggling three sponge balls C. Tossing and catching a beanbag D. Striking a tossed ball with a bat
C. Tossing and catching a beanbag
The Evergreen Shoe Factory received an order for 100 pairs of shoes. The factory ships shoes in cartons that each holds up to 12 pairs. How many cartons will the factory need to ship this order? Most of the fourth graders who worked on the problem above gave answers such as 8 R4, 8.333, and 8 1/3 . These responses suggest that the students need practice in A. rounding down B. expressing remainders C. applying number sense D. using fractions rather than decimals
C. applying number sense
A teacher arranges 12 tiles on two rows, as shown above, and then asks a student if one of the rows has more tiles than the other. Pointing to the bottom row, the student says, "There's more here." The response suggests that the student does not yet understand the concept of A. ordering B. sequencing C. equivalent sets D. counting by doubles
C. equivalent sets
A third-grade teacher uses student-centered reading activities for groups of four to six students. Each group chooses a different book based on student interest. Each member of a group is assigned a specific role, and students independently read a chapter of the book. After the independent reading, the groups meet, and discuss the book, guided by the specific role each group member was assigned. Which of the following identifies the reading skill best reinforced by the instructional method? A. Phonemic awareness B. Phonics C. Fluency D. Comprehension
D. Comprehension
After introducing students to the idea that math and science are closely related, which of the following is most helpful as a follow-up activity? A. Discussing the health benefits of light exercise such as walking and jogging B. Writing a script for a play about the interaction between scientists and mathematicians C. Reading about the lives of scientists who used mathematics in their scientific investigations D. Determining how much farther an object moves along the ground when released from a greater height on a ramp
D. Determining how much farther an object moves along the ground when released from a greater height on a ramp
Which of the following terms is most closely associated with dramatic writing? A. Rhyme B. Alliteration C. Meter D. Dialogue
D. Dialogue
After reading a short story, fifth graders were asked to respond in writing to the following questions. 1. Do you think the plan the characters devised worked? Why or why not? 2. What song did the author quote in the story? Answering question 1 requires students to do which of the following comprehension tasks? A. Discuss their emotional responses to the story B. Describe the author's literary techniques C. Sequence specific details from the story D. Evaluate an aspect of the story
D. Evaluate an aspect of the story
During a unit on folktales, a second-grade teacher wants to help students engage in higher-order thinking. After the students read The Little Red Hen, the teacher asks the students to justify the little red hen's decision to eat the bread herself. Which level of Bloom's taxonomy does the activity address? A. Application B. Analysis C. Synthesis D. Evaluation
D. Evaluation
"While traveling through Belgium, Sam purchases gasoline at a price of 1.60 euros per liter. If there are 3.79 liters per gallon and, at that time, 0.74 euros per dollar, what is the price of gasoline in dollars per gallon?" Ms. Samuels presented the question shown to her class. Which of the following strategies will best help the students understand how to solve the problem? A. Making two graphs that show the conversions from euros to dollars and liters to gallons B. Making two tables that show the conversions from euros to dollars and liters to gallons C. Showing the multiplication and division of each unit rate; i.e., euros/liters × liters/gallons ÷ dollars/euros = dollars/gallons D. Finding the new ratio in parts; i.e., first euros/liters × liters/gallons = euros/gallons, then euros/gallons × dollars/euros = dollars/gallons
D. Finding the new ratio in parts; i.e., first euros/liters × liters/gallons = euros/gallons, then euros/gallons × dollars/euros = dollars/gallons
Which of the following is best to do as part of a formative assessment that is given to evaluate students' levels of understanding? A. Have students revisit assignments after they have been graded to find and correct mistakes B. Praise students for discovering the correct solution to a problem C. Give cumulative assessments at the end of each teaching unit D. Hold student and teacher discussions on how to improve learning
D. Hold student and teacher discussions on how to improve learning
At the end of a second-grade reading unit, the teacher reads the following sentences from the response journal of a student in the class. "I liked the story. The boy was a good sun." Based on the sentences, the student needs help with which of the following? A. Synonyms B. Antonyms C. Homographs D. Homophones
D. Homophones
A teacher presents a large, transparent plastic container that is half-filled with soil layers of different compositions, and the students predict that the soil layers will become mixed if the jug is shaken. The teacher then begins to shake the jug. Which of the following is most appropriate for the students to do as the teacher shakes the jug? A. Propose a law B. Find patterns in data C. Hypothesize D. Observe
D. Observe
Which of the following student activities is most useful during a lesson about the water cycle? A. Passing wet soil through a wire mesh B. Looking at pictures of different rivers and arranging them in order of size C. Going outside as a dark storm cloud approaches and recording observations over time D. Observing a teacher demonstration in which water boils, condenses on an ice-filled container, and drips off
D. Observing a teacher demonstration in which water boils, condenses on an ice-filled container, and drips off
During which stage of the writing process are students most likely to share their writing with the entire class? A. Drafting B. Revising C. Editing D. Publishing
D. Publishing
A teacher asks students to observe different types of birds and state some of their observations. Of the following student responses, which will best help the students classify the birds? A. The birds are pretty. B. The birds look soft. C. Some of the birds are looking for food. D. Some of the birds have an orange stripe on their wings.
D. Some of the birds have an orange stripe on their wings.
Which of the following activities involves structural analysis? A. Students identifying the beginning, middle, and ending sounds of words B. Students using individual sounds to blend the letters that make up a word C. Students determining the number of syllables that make up different words D. Students determining the meaning of a word by considering the word's parts
D. Students determining the meaning of a word by considering the word's parts
Which of the following is a correct feature of a mature forward roll? A. The arms extend to the sides during the roll. B. The action of the body is segmented. C. The body uncurls to an L position after rolling forward. D. The head lightly touches the mat surface.
D. The head lightly touches the mat surface.
Answer the question by clicking on the correct response. Question: Which of the following is a primary reason for a teacher to discuss various cultures with students? A. To honor an educational tradition B. To help other countries become more like the United States C. To help students understand the contributions of ancient civilizations D. To help students appreciate similarities and differences among groups of people
D. To help students appreciate similarities and differences among groups of people
29×57 (vertical) Before students in a fifth-grade class solve the problem above, the teacher has them use mental mathematics to compute 9×7,20×7,9×50, and 20×50. For which of the following reasons is it appropriate to have the students use mental mathematics that way? A. To reinforce the connection between multiplication and addition B. To practice rounding to the nearest 10 C. To introduce the associative property of multiplication D. To recall the partial products used in the algorithm
D. To recall the partial products used in the algorithm
During a conference, Jake tells his teacher that he has always wanted a dog. He says if he had a dog, he would always have a friend. Which of the following responses by the teacher indicates active listening? A. I had a dog once and I loved him very much. B. There are other ways to have a friend. C. Are you sad because you don't have a dog? D. You want a dog so you will have a companion.
D. You want a dog so you will have a companion.
What is the type of writing that involves telling stories, recalling memories, or creating imaginative pieces? A. Informational B. Persuasive C. Expository D. Narrative
Narrative
A first-grade student writes "R dg is bg n blk" and reads aloud "Our dog is big and black." Which of the following activities will most likely improve the student's spelling skills? A. Giving the student a list of high-frequency words B. Discussing the difference between "our" and "are" C. Providing the student with explicit instruction in phonics D. Reviewing capitalization and punctuation rules
Providing the student with explicit instruction in phonics
Third-grade students are creating a story map as they read about a donkey, Sylvester, who turns into a rock. The most important benefit of the story-mapping activity is that it helps students to A. improve their comprehension of the story by organizing and sequencing events B. make connections to other characters who have solved a problem C. develop a vocabulary they can use in writing their own stories D. understand the essential features of a problem and its solution
improve their comprehension of the story by organizing and sequencing events