6 AEMT test final

According to the terminal drop hypothesis: Choose one answer. A. mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death. Correct B. most elderly patients experience depression after the death of a loved one. Incorrect C. a person's physical health begins to decline after the age of 75 years. Incorrect D. most late-stage adults retain high brain function until 1 month before death. Incorrect

a

Marks: 1 In preconventional reasoning, children: Choose one answer. A. act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want. Correct B. look for approval from their peers and society. Incorrect C. blame their actions on what they have observed in older children. Incorrect D. make decisions based on their conscience. Incorrect Correct

a

Marks: 1 Infants are often referred to as "belly breathers" because: Choose one answer. A. their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally. Correct B. an infant's ribs are brittle and are less able to expand. Incorrect C. their diaphragm does not receive impulses from the brain. Incorrect D. their intercostal muscles are not functional at an early age.

a

Marks: 1 Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct? Choose one answer. A. Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer. Correct B. Women in the middle adult age group typically experience menopause in their late 50s or early 60s. Incorrect C. Significant impairments in hearing and vision begin to occur in persons between the ages of 41 and 44 years. Incorrect D. Increased cholesterol levels in the middle adult age group often do not respond to exercise and diet.

a

Neonates are defined as children: Choose one answer. A. between birth and 1 month of age. Correct B. who weigh at least 5.5 pounds. Incorrect C. during the first few hours of life. Incorrect D. who are at least 1 month premature. Incorrect

a

When assessing an 80-year-old patient in shock, it is important to remember that: Choose one answer. A. age-related changes in the cardiovascular system may make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion. Correct B. the patient's cardiac output is able to increase by nearly 200% in response to the decrease in perfusion. Incorrect C. in older adults, it is especially common to observe a significant decrease in heart rate in response to shock. Incorrect D. it is common to see a more significant increase in heart rate than what would be expected in younger adults. Incorrect

a

When considering spinal immobilization of an infant who fell, it is important for the AEMT to remember that: Choose one answer. A. infants and small children often land head first because their head accounts for 25% of their body weight. Correct B. in most cases, the infant is able to stretch out his or her arms in time to cushion or slow their fall. Incorrect C. the anterior fontanelles typically does not fuse until the child has reached the age of 18 to 24 months. Incorrect D. It is common for infants to land feet first when they fall, resulting in compression fractures of the spine. Incorrect

a

Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant? Choose one answer. A. places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up Correct B. walks without help, becomes frustrated with restrictions Incorrect C. responds to his or her name, crawls around efficiently Incorrect D. knows his or her name, can walk without any assistance Incorrect

a

Which of the following describes the Moro reflex? Choose one answer. A. The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled. Correct B. An infant's heart rate decreases secondary to hypoxia because he or she depends heavily on the heart rate to perfuse the body. Incorrect C. When something touches a neonate's cheek, he or she instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch. Incorrect D. When the sole of the foot is stroked with a blunt object, the big toe lifts upward and the other toes fan outward. Incorrect

a

Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct? Choose one answer. A. Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak during the eighth or ninth grade. Correct B. Family conflict decreases as the adolescent gains control of his or her life. Incorrect C. Adolescents are less fixated on their public image than younger children. Incorrect D. Because they think rationally, adolescents are at the lowest risk for suicide. Incorrect

a

Which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct? Choose one answer. A. Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of a loss of passive immunity. Correct B. Muscle mass and bone density decrease in toddlers and preschoolers because of increased physical activity. Incorrect C. Toddlers and preschoolers have well-developed lung musculature, even though they have less lung tissue. Incorrect D. The normal respiratory rate in toddlers and preschoolers is between 12 and 20 breaths/min. Incorrect

a

An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because: Choose one answer. A. he or she has a long neck, which makes the trachea prone to collapse. Incorrect B. the tongue is proportionately large and the airway is shorter and narrower. Correct C. the tongue is proportionately small and can fall back into the posterior pharynx. Incorrect D. the back of the head is flat, which prevents a neutral position. Incorrect

b

At present, the average life expectancy is _____ years, while the maximum life expectancy is estimated at _____ years. Choose one answer. A. 68, 100 Incorrect B. 78, 120 Correct C. 70, 102 Incorrect D. 72, 110 Incorrect

b

Marks: 1 A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should: Choose one answer. A. avoid asking questions that she will feel uncomfortable answering. Incorrect B. inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible. Correct C. recall that patients in this age group prefer not to be treated as adults. Incorrect D. obtain the majority of your information from one of her parents

b

Marks: 1 At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children? Choose one answer. A. 6 to 8 months Incorrect B. 10 to 18 months Correct C. 24 to 36 months Incorrect D. 18 to 24 months Incorrect Correct

b

Marks: 1 Breathing is often more labor intensive in older adults because the: Choose one answer. A. surface area of the alveoli increases. Incorrect B. elasticity of the lungs decreases. Correct C. overall size of the airway decreases. Incorrect D. diaphragm and intercostal muscles enlarge.

b

Marks: 1 Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an: Choose one answer. A. increase in height because of spinal disc expansion. Incorrect B. increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain. Correct C. increase in muscle strength and reflexes. Incorrect D. increase in respiratory rate due to increased metabolism. Incorrect

b

The average pulse rate of individuals between 19 and 60 years of age is typically: Choose one answer. A. 80 beats/min. Incorrect B. 70 beats/min. Correct C. 60 beats/min. Incorrect D. 90 beats/min. Incorrect

b

The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is largely related to: Choose one answer. A. hypotension. Incorrect B. atherosclerosis. Correct C. medication use. Incorrect D. kidney failure. Incorrect

b

Which of the following statements regarding age-related changes in the nervous system is correct? Choose one answer. A. The metabolic rate in the brain increases with age, but the consumption of oxygen decreases significantly. Incorrect B. Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons. Correct C. Because of a decrease in the number of brain cells, a person's level of intelligence decreases with age. Incorrect D. Generally speaking, the brain increases in size by 10% to 20% by the time a person reaches 80 years of age. Incorrect

b

You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she: Choose one answer. A. has bulging fontanelles secondary to severe dehydration. Incorrect B. responds to her name but is fearful of your presence. Correct C. will readily allow you to separate her from her mother. Incorrect D. is unable to track your movements with her eyes. Incorrect Correct

b

ou respond to a residence for an 82-year-old female who, according to her daughter, is "not herself today." The patient is conscious, but confused, and has slurred speech. Her medical history is significant for hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, hypothyroidism, and several strokes. The daughter hands your partner a list of her mother's medications, which is extensive. In addition to administering supplemental oxygen, you should: Choose one answer. A. assist her in taking her prescribed medications if not already taken. Incorrect B. assess her blood glucose level and administer dextrose if needed. Correct C. treat her for shock if her systolic BP is less than 110 mm Hg. Incorrect D. request a paramedic unit so they can obtain a 12-lead ECG tracing

b

You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to care for this child, you must remember that: Choose one answer. A. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times. Correct B. an infant's head should be placed in a flexed position to prevent obstruction. Incorrect C. assisted ventilations in infants often need to be forceful to inflate their lungs. Incorrect D. the infant's proportionately small tongue often causes an airway obstruction. Incorrect Incorrect

b no a

Aging is often associated with diminished proprioception, which is defined as: Choose one answer. A. the amount of time it takes the skin to sense a stimulus and the brain to respond accordingly. Incorrect B. the movement of the small bones in the middle ear, which transmits sound to the inner ear. Incorrect C. the ability to know where various parts of the body are located in relation to each other. Correct D. the ability to involuntarily preserve body heat through vasoconstriction of the peripheral vessels. Incorrect

c

An infant or small toddler would MOST likely gain trust in an individual who: Choose one answer. A. frequently changes the infant or toddler's regular routine. Incorrect B. stands at a level that is only slightly higher than him or her. Incorrect C. provides a planned, organized, routine environment. Correct D. maintains eye contact, even if the person is a stranger. Incorrect

c

An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because: Choose one answer. A. the infant's total blood volume decreases with age. Incorrect B. his or her normal heart rate usually increases with age. Incorrect C. blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight. Correct D. as the infant gets older, his or her blood vessels dilate. Incorrect

c

In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air: Choose one answer. A. decreases, resulting in widespread collapsing of the alveoli and impaired diffusion of gases. Incorrect B. decreases, which increases diffusion in the lungs and causes an accumulation of carbon dioxide. Incorrect C. increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of stagnant air that remains in the alveoli. Correct D. remains unchanged because the lungs have become accustomed to years of breathing pollution. Incorrect

c

Marks: 1 In contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child: Choose one answer. A. becomes acutely anxious at the presence of strangers or in unfamiliar surroundings. Incorrect B. reaches out and explores because he or she knows that the parents are there as a safety net. Incorrect C. shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection. Correct D. clings to a parent or caregiver because he or she knows that the person can be trusted.

c

Marks: 1 Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age? Choose one answer. A. increased physical activity, increased food intake, and increased insulin production Incorrect B. decreased food intake, decreased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels Incorrect C. decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production Correct D. decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels Incorrect Correct

c

The high normal respiratory rate for a neonate is: Choose one answer. A. 70 breaths/min. Incorrect B. 50 breaths/min. Incorrect C. 60 breaths/min. Correct D. 80 breaths/min. Incorrect

c

Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the early adolescent age group? Choose one answer. A. The systolic blood pressure decreases. Incorrect B. Muscle and bone growth both decrease. Incorrect C. Secondary sexual development begins. Correct D. The normal pulse rate steadily increases. Incorrect

c

Why do middle adults commonly experience financial concerns? Choose one answer. A. The majority of middle adults still have small children that live at home with them. Incorrect B. They are typically receiving social security and must budget with a fixed income. Incorrect C. They are preparing for retirement but must still manage everyday financial demands. Correct D. Most people in the middle adult age group have chronic illnesses and cannot work.

c

With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because: Choose one answer. A. diastolic blood pressure decreases. Incorrect B. the arteries dilate significantly. Incorrect C. the blood vessels become stiff. Correct D. the blood thickens as a person ages. Incorrect

c

You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating him, it is important to recall that: Choose one answer. A. functional blood volume in patients of this age steadily increases due to increased production of red blood cells. Incorrect B. blood pressure is usually adequately maintained because the blood vessels of older people can constrict easily. Incorrect C. his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired by an inability to increase cardiac output. Correct D. it is not uncommon to observe heart rates in excess of 150 beats/min in elderly patients with internal injuries. Incorrect

c

The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is: Choose one answer. A. 60 mm Hg. Incorrect B. 80 mm Hg. Incorrect C. 70 mm Hg. Incorrect D. 90 mm Hg. Correct Incorrect

c no d

Age-related changes in the renal system result in: Choose one answer. A. dilation of the blood vessels that supply the nephrons, which allows the kidneys to maintain their function. Incorrect B. the formation of large amounts of urine secondary to an increase in kidney mass of up to 20%. Incorrect C. a significant increase in filtration, which causes the excretion of large amounts of water from the body. Incorrect D. a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed. Correct

d

Changes in sleep patterns experienced by elderly patients is mostly caused by: Choose one answer. A. medication interactions. Incorrect B. decreased brain size. Incorrect C. decreased metabolism in the brain. Incorrect D. a loss of neurons in the brain. Correct Correct

d

Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: Choose one answer. A. increased stiffness of the thoracic cage. Incorrect B. decreased residual volume. Incorrect C. a loss of respiratory muscle mass. Incorrect D. increased surface area available for air exchange. Correct

d

Marks: 1 A body temperature of 99.4°F in a 2-year-old child: Choose one answer. A. often causes a seizure. Incorrect B. suggests an infection. Incorrect C. is a low-grade fever. Incorrect D. is normal for his or her age

d

Marks: 1 By the end of the first year of life, a child's tidal volume typically ranges between: Choose one answer. A. 15 and 20 mL/kg. Incorrect B. 6 and 8 mL/kg. Incorrect C. 8 and 10 mL/kg. Incorrect D. 10 and 15 mL/kg. Correct

d

Marks: 1 Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults? Choose one answer. A. An infant's head accounts for less body weight than an adult's. Incorrect B. The trachea of an infant is proportionately longer than an adult's. Incorrect C. The ribcage of an infant is less flexible than an adult's. Incorrect D. An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's. Correct

d

The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of: Choose one answer. A. 3 and 4 months. Incorrect B. 6 and 8 months. Incorrect C. 7 and 14 months. Incorrect D. 9 and 18 months. Correct

d

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of: Choose one answer. A. 25 and 35 years. Incorrect B. 18 and 22 years. Incorrect C. 21 and 30 years. Incorrect D. 19 and 25 years. Correct

d

The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately: Choose one answer. A. 100 to 150 beats/min. Incorrect B. 60 to 100 beats/min. Incorrect C. 90 to 140 beats/min. Incorrect D. 70 to 120 beats/min. Correct

d

Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs? Choose one answer. A. medications Incorrect B. overall health Incorrect C. medical conditions Incorrect D. increased weight Correct Correct

d

Which of the following statements regarding an infant's vital signs is correct? Choose one answer. A. An infant's normal heart rate increases by 10 beats/min each month. Incorrect B. By 6 months of age, an infant's normal tidal volume is 2 to 4 mL/kg. Incorrect C. An infant's heart rate generally ranges between 70 and 110 beats/min. Incorrect D. An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's. Correct

d

Within the first 30 minutes after birth, a neonate's: Choose one answer. A. pulse rate increases to between 160 and 180 beats/min. Incorrect B. pulse and respiratory rates increase significantly. Incorrect C. respiratory rate increases to around 60 breaths/min. Incorrect D. pulse rate decreases to approximately 120 beats/min. Correct

d

he systolic blood pressure of a 65-year-old male or female: Choose one answer. A. decreases because of the aging process. Incorrect B. is generally regulated with medication. Incorrect C. is typically above 120 mm Hg. Incorrect D. depends on his or her general health. Correct

d