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Peggy Blake and her colleagues constructed a scale of "life-change units" to measure the impact of life changes among college students. Surveys with students revealed that: they considered unwanted pregnancy to be less stressful than major financial problems. they considered academic failures to be more stressful than the beginning of college. 100 percent of them considered graduating from college a stress-free event. some of them considered academic success to be stressful.

some of them considered academic success to be stressful.

Which of the following is true of corticosteroids? They combat allergic reactions. They suppress inflammation. They are beneficial for the cardiovascular system. They cause the adrenal cortex to secrete adrenocorticotrophic hormone.

They combat allergic reactions.

__________ are best described as people who perceive the ability to attain reinforcements in stressful situations as being largely outside themselves. Externals Internals Type A people Type B people

Externals

According to the general adaptation syndrome, during the resistance stage, a person typically feels like a heavy burden has been removed from his or her mind. True False

False

In the approach-avoidance conflict, each of two goals is desirable, and both are within reach. True False

False

People with lower Self-efficacy expectations have biological as well as psychological reasons for remaining calmer and are less prone to be disturbed by adverse events. True False

False

When problems assault us, irrational beliefs help diminish their effect. True False

False

Which of the following is true of the immune system? It is made stronger by prolonged stress. It remembers how to battle antigens, often for years. It cannot recognize pathogens in case of a reoccurring infection. It is typically weakened by short-term stress.

It remembers how to battle antigens, often for years.

In the context of the general adaptation syndrome, which of the following is true of the fight-or-flight reaction? It stems from a period in human prehistory when many stressors were life threatening. It involves the slowdown of the heart rate. It stems from a sudden lack of sugar in the blood. It is accompanied by a deceleration of the respiration rate.

It stems from a period in human prehistory when many stressors were life threatening.

Which of the following are some of the differences between life changes and daily hassles? Many life changes are negative and occur less frequently. Many life changes are positive and occur frequently. Many life changes are positive and occur less frequently. Many life changes are negative and occur frequently.

Many life changes are positive and occur less frequently.

The American Psychological Association (2017) has found that Americans are most likely to do one of the following to cope with stress? Surfing the internet and napping. Drinking alcohol and watching TV. Praying and eating. Music and exercise.

Music and exercise.

Which of the following is a risk factor for coronary heart disease? Overeating. Low blood pressure Sunbathing Type B behavior.

Overeating.

Debbie failed her first Chemistry exam. Because she was very stressed and tired, her mind jumped to the beliefs that she was a "terrible student" and "a failure"; she became certain she would fail the class and perhaps fail at school altogether. Debbie catastrophized failing her exam. True False

True

In the context of stressors, Albert Ellis referred to situations such as losing a job as an activating event. True False

True

Irrational beliefs can lessen an individual's emotional reaction to loss and enhance coping ability. True False

True

Psychological states such as anxiety and depression can impair the functioning of the immune system. True False

True

The body's response to different stressors shows certain similarities whether the stressor is a bacterial invasion, perceived danger, or a major life change is known as the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). True False

True

Women under stress are more likely to care for their children and seek social contact and support from others. Taylor termed this the "tend-and-befriend" response. True False

True

Although academically gifted, Chloe never had the desire to be the best in her classes. She would most likely be considered to exhibit __________. a Type B behavior pattern a Type A behavior pattern an external locus of control an internal locus of control

a Type B behavior pattern

Sam wants to be a clinical psychologist. He has been accepted at two different graduate schools. Both schools are equally prestigious and will provide him with an outstanding education. However, he is finding it difficult to choose between the two. According to Neal E. Miller, this type of conflict is known as a(n): avoidance-avoidance conflict. approach-approach conflict. approach-avoidance conflict. multiple approach-avoidance conflict.

approach-approach conflict.

Many couples who repeatedly break up and reunite recall each other fondly when apart and swear that they could make the relationship work if they got together again. But after they do spend time together, they again wonder, "How could I ever have believed that this so-and-so would change?" This best exemplifies the _________. avoidance-avoidance conflict approach-approach conflict approach-avoidance conflict interpersonal conflict

approach-avoidance conflict

Unlike Type A people, Type B people ___________. are more reluctant to delegate authority in the workplace and thus increase their own workload feel rushed and pressured and keep one eye glued to the clock are highly driven, competitive, impatient, hostile, and aggressive are less ambitious and less impatient

are less ambitious and less impatient

According to the different kinds of support for coping with stress, __________ involves listening to people's problems and expressing feelings of sympathy, caring, understanding, and reassurance. appraisal instrumental aid emotional concern socializing

emotional concern

Ever since Michelle failed her biology test, she thinks that she will never be able to find a job when she eventually graduates. She feels that she will end up homeless. This situation best demonstrates __________. psychological hardiness self-efficacy expectations the coronary-prone behavior pattern irrational beliefs

irrational beliefs

After returning from work, Greg contemplates whether he should stay at home or exercise at the gym. He wants to stay at home because he likes to relax, but feels guilty about not getting enough exercise. He knows that if he goes to the gym, he will be glad that he is exercising but unhappy because he does not enjoy the activity. According to Neal E. Miller, this is an example of a(n) __________. avoidance-avoidance conflict approach-approach conflict interpersonal conflict multiple approach-avoidance conflict

multiple approach-avoidance conflict