661 exam 3

A primary concern during the final stages of the behavioral group is a. promoting transfer of learning. b. developing a therapeutic contract. c. role-playing various situations. d. establishing baseline data.

A

According to REBT, change will come about a. mainly by a commitment to consistently practice new behaviors that challenge old and ineffective ones. b. only when we discover the source of our problems. c. generally after we relive a traumatic situation in therapy and work through the impasse that prevents new growth. d. by awareness itself.

A

All of the following are functions of the cognitive behavioral leader EXCEPT a. to NOT model appropriate behavior for the client. b. to assess specific behavioral problems. c. to provide feedback and reinforcement for members. d. to apply his or her knowledge of behavioral principles and skills in the resolution of problems.

A

Clients who participate in person-centered therapy often identify ____________as one of the most helpful aspects of their therapy. a. "being understood" b. their counselor's dynamic and directive style c. the emphasis on being positive d. the widespread use of techniques

A

Gestalt therapists view dreams as a road to a. contact. b. eternity. c. the unconscious. d. repaired thinking.

A

If a member experienced an internal conflict (such as polarities), which of the following might be most appropriate? a. Dialogue technique b. Rehearsal technique c. Exaggeration d. Making the rounds

A

In order to attain present-centered awareness, Gestalt therapy focuses on a. whatever emerges in the member's moment to moment awareness. b. the deeper reasons for why one behaves in certain ways. c. early childhood experiences. d. early recollections and memories.

A

One method used to teach coping skills is a_____________________, which is a shaping strategy in which clients are encouraged to perform small sequential steps leading to a goal. a. graded task assignment b. cognitive behavioral baby step c. coping sequence exercise d. goal completion activity

A

Schoolchildren can be taught __________ to help them develop life skills they can apply when coping with emotional distress as well as skills that lead to health, happiness, and accomplishment.​ a. ​rational principles b. ​irrational principles c. ​irrational beliefs d. ​underachievement

A

Some people believe that personal change tends to occur when we become aware of what we are as opposed to trying to become what we are not. To what theory do these people subscribe? a. The paradoxical theory of change b. Self-psychology theory c. Personal analysis theory d. Acceptance theory

A

The Gestalt approach to dreams a. asks the members to discover the meaning the dream has for them. b. teaches members the universal meaning of dream symbols. c. rests mainly on the skill of the leader in interpreting the dream for the member. d. always involves the use of free association.

A

The _______________________ is a form of therapeutic alliance between members in cognitive-oriented groups. a. buddy system b. peer reinforcement system c. sponsor system d. dyadic support system

A

The concept of unconditional positive regard is most closely associated with a. warmth. b. trust. c. congruence. d. genuineness.

A

The key elements of a person-centered learning environment include the following features EXCEPT a. teachers place a great deal of emphasis on imparting information to students. b. students develop responsibility, self-discipline, and the ability to work cooperatively. c. teachers move in the direction of becoming more genuine, more understanding, and more caring toward their students. d. teachers, from elementary school classrooms to graduate schools, discover ingenious ways to help students learn and make decisions.

A

The main purpose of using emotive techniques in REBT is to a. dispute members' irrational beliefs. b. help group members release their blocked emotional pain. c. provide members with much needed support. d. assist members in becoming more reliant on their emotions as a basis for decision making.

A

The process of uncritically accepting others' beliefs and standards without assimilating them to make them congruent with who we are is known as a. introjection. b. projection. c. retroflection. d. sublimation.

A

The rational emotive behavior approach to group therapy considers the relationship between the group leader and members to be a. important mainly as a means to an end—that is, of getting results. b. the central therapeutic tool. c. of very little importance. d. a distraction that can get in the way of progress.

A

The role of the REBT group leader can be best characterized as a. a didactic and highly directive role. b. a facilitator. c. an I-Thou model of relating. d. a blank screen that receives projections.

A

Which is true of the application of cognitive behavioral techniques in a group? a. These techniques remain under continual evaluation. b. They are experiential in nature. c. They are designed to produce insight. d. They are usually aimed at catharsis.

A

Which of the following goals would be most characteristic of a cognitive behavioral group? a. To eliminate or acquire a certain behavior b. To integrate polarities within an individual c. To help members acquire insight into causes of problems d. To provide members with an awareness of the ego state they are functioning in

A

Which of the following is NOT a key concept of the Gestalt approach? a. Family constellation b. Avoidance c. Here and now d. Awareness and responsibility

A

Which of the following is NOT a key principle in person-centered expressive arts? a. the role of a facilitator is to evaluate members' art b. most of us are creative c. acceptance is critically important as members express themselves d. person-centered expressive arts can supply methods for structuring group process

A

Which of the following is NOT considered a key concept of the person-centered approach? a. Existential vacuum b. Congruence c. Unconditional positive regard d. ​Empathic understanding

A

Which of the following would a Gestalt group leader probably NOT do? a. Not challenge members to experience blockages and barriers that could prevent full awareness b. Apply skillful frustration so that members are encouraged to give up ways of being helpless c. Suggest experiments to be carried out in a group d. Be self-disclosing in the therapeutic relationship

A

Which procedure is NOT typically used in a person-centered group? a. Diagnosis and evaluation and advice-giving b. Active listening c. Empathy d. Responding with immediate feelings

A

________ teaches people how to make themselves less disturbed.​ a. ​Cognitive restructuring b. ​Conditional self-acceptance c. ​Shame-increasing exercises d. ​Unappropriate humor

A

_____________________ take therapy from the office into ordinary life in small groups. a. Life focus communities b. Community groups c. Gestalt community retreats d. Holistic communities

A

_____________________________consists of a combination of elements of information giving, Socratic discussion, cognitive restructuring, problem solving, relaxation training, behavioral and imagined rehearsals, self-monitoring, self-instruction, self-reinforcement, and environmental change. a. Stress inoculation training (SIT) b. Relaxation-based cognitive training (RBCT) c. Stress elimination training (SET) d. New age stress reduction training

A

_________________________helps members think about ways to deal with the potential problems they may face when they no longer have the support of a group. a. Relapse prevention b. The behavior assessment process c. A cognitive experiment d. A shame-attacking exercise

A

Leaders who confront the __________ of such clients too quickly are likely to see counterproductive results. In fact, these clients may drop out of therapy, based largely on feeling misunderstood.​ a. ​appropriate catharsis b. ​cultural values c. ​rational beliefs d. ​rational principles

B

A REBT group leader is interested in a. creating a climate in a group where members can reenact unfinished business from their past. b. showing members how they have created their own emotional and behavioral disturbances. c. helping members resolve transference relationships within the group. d. assisting members to fully experience whatever they are feeling in the present moment.

B

All of the following are characteristics of the cognitive behavioral approach in groups EXCEPT a. a focus on overt and specific behavior. b. occasional use of therapeutic goals. c. developing a treatment plan and evaluation of this plan. d. use of action-oriented methods.

B

Contemporary Gestalt practice in the United States is a. very similar from the style popularized by Perls. b. very different from the style popularized by Perls and focuses more on relationships and less on techniques. c. part of the object relations approach. d. considered a bold and powerful approach due to its emphasis on confrontation and dramatic flair.

B

Feelings of anxiety, depression, rejection, anger, and guilt are initiated and perpetuated by a. unfortunate events that happen to us. b. a self-defeating belief system. c. a significant person in our life who rejects us. d. a faulty life script.

B

Gestalt experiments may be aimed at a. teaching members how to think rationally. b. integrating conflicting sides within a member. c. teaching clients how to discover causes of future problems. d. helping members understand unconscious dynamics.

B

Gestalt group process provides many opportunities for using ___________________ to increase awareness and bring about change. a. past-centeredness b. present-centeredness c. future-centeredness d. a there-and-then focus

B

Group participants engage in the ___________ technique, deliberately forcing themselves to confront "dangerous" pursuits until they can learn how to cope when they encounter fearful situations. a. embarrassment-inducing b. PYA (Push Your Ass) c. Bond-007 d. Shame Hall of Fame

B

Person-centered groups, whose size often reached 75 to 800 people, were developed by Carl Rogers and his associates and were called a. person-centered villages. b. large community groups. c. person-centered retreats. d. expressive arts camps.

B

REBT aims at providing group members with tools for experiencing healthy emotions about negative activating events rather than unhealthy emotions, such as _________________, about these events so that they can live richer and more satisfying lives. a. sadness and concern b. depression and anxiety c. happiness and sadness d. happiness and concern

B

Rogers's original conviction was that the core conditions work a. sequentially. b. together rather than operating independently. c. intermittently. d. independently.

B

The basic goal of REBT is to help group members a. experience catharsis and translate insight into action. b. replace rigid demands with flexible preferences. c. bring their different ego states into balance. d. release blocked energy and resolve unfinished business.

B

The concept of acceptance implies a. resigning oneself to life's problems. b. being willing to choose to experience negative thoughts or feelings without defense. c. being passive. d. resigning oneself to life's problems and being passive.

B

The crucial factor that determines the outcome of the person-centered group is a. the leader's technical skills. b. the leader's relationship with the members in the group. c. the leader's knowledge of group dynamics. d. the members' willingness to think rationally.

B

The process of identifying and evaluating one's cognitions, understanding the negative impact of thinking on behavior, and learning more appropriate self-messages is known as a. stress-inoculation training. b. cognitive restructuring. c. reframing. d. behavioral alignment.

B

Which experiment is NOT used often in a Gestalt group? a. The use of fantasy b. Working with the past through the interpretations given by the group leader c. Asking members to rehearse out loud what they are telling themselves d. Asking members to engage in dialogue with various sides of themselves

B

Which of the following is NOT a behavioral technique? a. Contingency contracts b. Analysis and interpretation of dreams c. Modeling d. Relaxation training

B

Which of the following is a contribution of the person-centered approach to groups? a. It focuses on an objective view of behavior. b. It has relied on research to validate the concepts and practices of this approach. c. It has generated a wide range of therapeutic techniques. d. It stresses the leader's ability to translate therapy into practice by focusing on the skill development of the leader.

B

Which of the following statements about cognitive restructuring is INACCURATE? a. In cognitive restructuring, members are expected to identify self-defeating cognitions and to monitor their self-talk. b. Cognitive restructuring is no longer a basic component of most cognitive behavioral procedures; It has been replaced by more effective cognitive strategies. c. Both cognitive therapy and rational emotive behavior therapy use cognitive restructuring as a core procedure in changing an individual's interpretations and thinking processes. d. In cognitive restructuring, clients become aware of the role that their cognitions and emotions play in creating and maintaining stress.

B

Which of the following techniques is NOT considered a behavioral technique? a. Mindfulness b. The empty-chair technique c. Cognitive restructuring d. Self-reinforcement

B

Which of the following would NOT be a part of the early stages of a cognitive behavioral group? a. Building of cohesiveness b. Identifying appropriate behavior c. Assessment d. Developing baseline data

B

Which technique is typically used in the person-centered group? a. Probing and questioning b. Listening and understanding c. Direct confrontation of games in an aggressive manner d. Structured communication exercises in groups

B

In a cognitive behaviorally oriented group, the decision to use certain techniques to change behavior is based on a. the group leader's therapeutic style. b. the desires of the group members. c. the demonstrated effectiveness of the technique. d. none of these answers.

C

. The CBT group leader helps members to form hypotheses and test their assumptions. What is this called? a. Assumptions-based learning b. Collective empiricism c. Collaborative empiricism d. The CBT challenge

C

A primary function of the Gestalt leader is to a. make interpretations for the members. b. serve as a blank screen to foster transference. c. suggest experiments that will lead to heightening experiencing. d. confront clients' irrational thoughts.

C

According to REBT, people develop psychological disturbances because of a. a traumatic event. b. failure to receive love from significant others. c. their irrational beliefs about certain events. d. unfinished business from their past.

C

According to Rogers, what is NOT the "cracking of facades?" a. When individual members begin to respond to the group demand that masks and pretenses be dropped b. A process pattern that occurs in groups that employ the person-centered approach c. The tendency for members to experience short-lived psychotic breaks during the course of the group d. A revealing of deeper selves by some members validating the theory that meaningful encounters can occur when people risk getting beneath surface interactions

C

All of the following are basic assumptions of REBT EXCEPT a. ​thinking, feeling, and behaving continually interact with and influence one another. b. ​when unfortunate events occur, we tend to create irrational beliefs about these events characterized by absolutist and dogmatic thinking. c. ​if we hope to change, we need to acknowledge that we are not responsible for our own disturbed thoughts, emotions, and actions. d. ​if we hope to change, we need to look at how we are thinking, feeling, and behaving when we needlessly disturb ourselves.

C

By valuing and accepting members' experiences without placing stipulations and expectations on this acceptance, group leaders do all of the following EXCEPT a. reduce client defensiveness. b. enable clients to be more open to all their experiences. c. foster dependency in the therapeutic relationship, making it so comfortable for clients that they rarely, if ever, wish to terminate services. d. enable clients to be more involved in their therapy

C

In Gestalt therapy, awareness is best described as a. introspection. b. intellectual presence. c. recognition of current feelings, actions, and sensations. d. recognition of why one struggles with a certain problem.

C

In the REBT group, homework assignments are all of the following EXCEPT a. carried out in the group. b. carried out in daily life. c. seen as not necessary to the REBT method. d. a way to practice new behavior.

C

Leaders use __________________to show group members how ridiculous some of their irrational ideas actually are. a. sarcasm b. mockery c. humor d. embarrassment-inducing techniques

C

REBT groups often use all of the following procedures EXCEPT a. rational-emotive imagery. b. didactic teaching methods. c. ego centered exercises. d. ​homework assignments.

C

REBT leaders provide members with a. conditional acceptance. b. warmth and approval. c. unconditional acceptance. d. unconditional love.

C

The REBT group leader assumes that people's illogical beliefs a. are easily changed once the person sees they are illogical. b. are the result of activating events that cause certain emotional disturbances. c. are so deeply ingrained that they will not change easily. d. are caused by lack of love from parents.

C

The attitudes of the therapist: congruence, accurate empathic understanding, and caring are considered by the person-centered approach to be a. necessary but not sufficient to effect change. b. neither necessary nor sufficient factors of client change. c. both necessary and sufficient factors to effect change within the members. d. a reflection of the leader's temperament.

C

The best definition of empathy is a. to feel pity for the client. b. to tell the client that you know what he or she is feeling. c. to sense the private world of the client as if it were your own. d. to feel sympathy.

C

The focus of a Gestalt therapy group is on a. free associating to one another's dreams. b. understanding why we feel or act as we do. c. recognizing one's own projections and refusing to accept helplessness and carrying out experiments that are aimed at intensifying here-and-now awareness. d. carrying out experiments that are aimed at intensifying there-and-then awareness.

C

The group leader is likely to begin a group by a. asking the members to complete the life-script checklist. b. using nonverbal exercises to build trust. c. teaching members REBT's ABC theory. d. using direct and confrontive techniques to undermine the members' irrational thinking.

C

The leader's disclosure of personal problems or life outside of the group should a. be prohibited. b. be a common occurrence as it tends to make the leader appear more authentic. c. be done with intentionality and serve the needs of the group. d. ​result in a suspended license since it is unethical.

C

The process of turning back to ourselves what we would like to do to someone else is known as a. introjection. b. projection. c. retroflection. d. sublimation.

C

Which of the following is NOT a key concept of the Gestalt group? a. Awareness b. Unfinished business c. Intellectual understanding of one's basic problem d. ​Here-and-now focus

C

Which of the following is considered important in the person-centered approach? a. Accurate interpretation on the part of the leader b. Accurate diagnosis and formulation of a treatment plan c. The attitudes of a group leader d. Analysis of underlying dynamics of behavior

C

Which of the following statements about Gestalt experiments is FALSE? a. Experiments emerge organically and seamlessly in the moment-to-moment contact between a counselor and a client. b. Experiments are aimed at restoring momentum to the stuck points of a person's life. c. Experiments are generally predetermined. d. The purpose of an experiment is to assist a member in active self-exploration.

C

______________ emphasize mindfulness, acceptance, the therapeutic relationship, spirituality, values, meaning and purpose in one's life, meditation, being in the present moment, and emotional expression. a. First-generation behavior therapies b. Second-generation behavior therapies c. Third-generation behavior therapies d. Fourth-generation behavior therapies

C

________________________ is a particularly promising blend of cognitive behavior and psychoanalytic techniques, which has been used to treat clients with borderline personality disorder. a. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) b. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) c. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) d. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

C

. REBT belongs to which general category of theory? a. Psychodynamic b. Client-centered and experientially oriented c. Existential d. Cognitive-behavioral

D

A person-centered group counselor is best described as a a. teacher. b. friend. c. judge. d. facilitator.

D

An intervention that is typically used to heighten awareness of both introjections and projections is a. the reversal technique. b. the rehearsal technique. c. working with dreams. d. experiments with dialogues.

D

As the group movement developed, the person-centered approach became a. ​decreasingly concerned with reducing human suffering. b. ​increasingly concerned with increasing conflict and reducing human suffering. c. ​decreasingly concerned with conflict resolution on an international scale. d. ​increasingly concerned with reducing human suffering, with cross-cultural awareness, and with conflict resolution on an international scale.

D

Behavioral assessment involves all of the following EXCEPT a. it is aimed at gathering unique and detailed information about a client's problem. b. it focuses on the client's current functioning and life conditions. c. it is concerned with taking samples of a client's behaviors to provide information about how the client typically functions in various situations. d. it deals with a client's total personality.

D

Cognitive behavioral practitioners use all of the following EXCEPT a. a brief, active, directive, collaborative, present-focused, and didactic approach. b. a psychoeducational model of therapy. c. a therapeutic model that relies on empirical validation of its concepts and techniques. d. strokes.

D

Empathy refers to the group leader's ability to a. like the members. b. feel exactly what the members are feeling and to share experiences that are similar to those of the members. c. objectively understand the dynamic of a member. d. sense accurately the feelings and personal meanings members are experiencing.

D

Generally, each CBT group session opens with group members completing all of the following EXCEPT a. checking in by stating significant developments during the week. b. reporting on their homework. c. identifying topics or issues they would like to put on the agenda for the session. d. discussing and summarizing what the members experienced throughout the current group session.

D

Group work offers many opportunities to complete all of the following EXCEPT a. ​agree on homework assignments. b. ​practice assertiveness skills. c. ​explore self-defeating thinking. d. ​to not take risks or practice different behaviors.

D

How is the past dealt with in Gestalt therapy? a. It is not considered crucial and therefore not dealt with. b. Clients talk about past issues and experience relief from this discussion. c. Members attempt in the group to figure out what caused their present difficulties by analyzing the past. d. The past is brought into the present moment by asking the member to reexperience this past issue as though it were occurring now.

D

If people want and expect change, the cognitive behavioral group leader contends it is important they a. explore the past roots of a particular problem. b. gain insight into the causes of a problem. c. engage in detailed introspection. d. take specific actions to effect change.

D

In REBT, role playing a. is rarely done. b. is of a strictly cognitive nature. c. is designed to evoke intense feelings. d. involves emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components.

D

The basic assumption underlying the person-centered approach is a. members are prone to faulty thinking. b. members need guidance from an expert to resolve their problems. c. members need a structured learning experience to benefit from a group. d. human beings tend to move toward wholeness and self-actualization.

D

The congruence of a group leader implies a. empathy. b. respect. c. immediacy. d. genuineness.

D

The role of the REBT leader includes all of the following EXCEPT a. helps group members to identify and challenge the irrational beliefs they originally unquestioningly accepted. b. demonstrates to members how they continue to indoctrinate themselves with irrational beliefs. c. teaches members how to modify their thinking by developing rational alternative beliefs. d. assumes the role of psychological educator and does not encourage members to commit to practicing their group learning in everyday situations.

D

Unfinished business may be related to all of the following EXCEPT a. feelings of resentment and guilt. b. the concept of avoidance. c. issues from the past that interfere with present functioning. d. feelings previously dealt with.

D

Which of the following is NOT a principle of Gestalt therapy theory? a. Organismic self-regulation b. Field theory c. Figure-formation process d. Separation-individuation process

D

Which of the following is NOT generally a part of the working phase of a cognitive-behavioral group? a. Reinforcement b. Behavioral rehearsal c. Cognitive restructuring d. Getting acquainted

D

Which of the following is NOT generally associated with the REBT group? a. Self-rating b. Information giving c. Homework assignments d. Analysis of rackets

D

Which of the following steps are NOT part of the problem-solving process? a. Adopt a problem-solving orientation. b. Define the problem. c. Brainstorm alternative solutions. d. Decide on the solution, but do not implement.

D

Which of the following terms does NOT describe the Gestalt approach? a. Existential b. Phenomenological c. Experiential d. Past oriented

D

Which of the statements below does not capture Rogers' perspective on group leadership styles? a. Rogers affirmed the value of diverse styles of facilitation. b. Rogers disliked leaders who manipulated the group toward some unspoken agenda or who seemed to thrive on dramatics. c. Rogers did not look favorably upon the use of techniques or exercises to get a group moving. d. Rogers approves of the use of techniques.

D

Rogers questioned the validity of all the following widely used therapeutic procedures EXCEPT a. empathy. b. interpretation. c. giving advice and suggestions. d. ​teaching.

a

Which of the following is NOT considered as a condition that fosters and nurtures creativity? a. Psychological safety b. Psychological freedom c. Structured exercises by the group leaders d. Openness to experience

c

Which of the following would be stressed the most in a person-centered group? a. Confronting members with early decisions that are no longer appropriate b. Getting members to involve themselves in fantasy exercises c. Active listening and responding and empathy d. Lack of positive regard

c