722 Midterm Set 4

One of the symptoms of chronic opiate use is itchy skin

True

Acute withdrawal from heroin is not as life-threatening as acute withdrawal from alcohol or sedative-hypnotics

True

Allodynia is a painful response to a normally pain-free stimulus, often as a result of long-term opiate/opoid use.

True

Heroin was first developed to be a non-addictive medical alternative to morphine

True

Treatment for addiction to opiates requires a physiological and psychological process

True

Using a needle continuously to inject drugs in the same blood vessels traumatizes them, causing them to become unusable for injection

True

Death from depressants (e.g. opioids) overdose usually involves severe respiratory depression

True (Severe respiratory depression is the major cause of depressant drug overdose death)

Withdrawal from opiates produces symptoms that are the opposite of the drug's effects. Considering this fact, which of the following symptoms would be expected from opiate withdrawal? #1. bone, joint, and muscular pain #2. insomnia and anxiety #3. high blood pressure, rapid pulse, and tachycardia #4. pinpoint pupils A. symptoms 1, 3, and 4 only B. symptoms 2 and 3 only C. symptoms 1, 2, and 3 only D. symptoms 1 and 2 only

C

Addiction to and withdrawal from benzodiazepines is not generally severe

False

Most sedative-hypnotics are from natural sources

False (All modern prescription sedative-hypnotics are synthetic)

Hyperalgesia is a temporary increase in the sensitivity to ____________ that is experienced during the long-term use of opiates/opioids used to treat pain. A. painful stimuli B. bright light C.loud noises D. painful memories

A

Which of the following drugs is an opioid antagonist that may be used to prevent an opioid overdose? A. naloxone B. tramadol C. amphetamine D. methamphetamine

A

Which of the following statements is true regarding the activation of the dopaminergic reward/control system? #1. It prevents the development of addictive behavior. #2. It releases a surge of pleasure that encourages repetition of behaviors intended primarily for survival. #3. It is largely responsible for drives to have sex, eat, and drink (water as well as alcohol). #4. It is activated by dopamine. A. statements 1, 3, and 4 only B. statements 2 and 3 only C. statements 2, 3, and 4 only D. statements 1 and 2 only

C

Depressants affect the central nervous system by elevating the user's blood pressure, pulse, heart rate, and respiration

False

Needing a dose of a drug just to feel "normal" is a sign of tolerance

False

Tolerance to one type of depressant, such as alcohol, can lead to the development of cross-tolerance for another depressant, such as benzodiazepines

True

Historically, most drug laws were made for political rather than medical considerations

True

Human beings have naturally occurring (endogenous) opioids, which cause many of the same effects as those caused by taking opioid drugs (exogenous opioids).

True

The synergistic effect of drugs refers to A. the hallucinations produced by psychedelics B. the combination of two or more depressant drugs, which magnifies their effect on the CNS C. the canceling effect that occurs when you take two or more drugs (e.g., one upper and one downer) D. the length of time a drug is detectable in urine

B

Which of the following correctly lists the three major classes of depressants? A. liquor, heroin, barbiturates B. alcohol, opiates, sedative-hypnotics C. opiates, opioids, heroin D. sedatives, hypnotics, alcohol

B

How long can withdrawal symptoms following detoxification and abstinence from long-acting opioids such as methadone persist? A. for a few hours B. for the first 24 to 48 hours after detoxification C. for 14 days or more after detoxification D. for three to six months or longer after detoxification

C

Naltrexone is prescribed for which of the following uses? #1. to break the cycle of addiction to opioids and prevent relapse #2. to break the addiction to alcohol and reduce alcoholic cravings #3. to break the cycle of cocaine addiction and reduce cravings for cocaine #4. to support smoking cessation and break nicotine addiction A. uses 1, 3, and 4 only B. uses 1, 2, and 3 only C. uses 2, 3, and 4 only D. uses 1, 2, 3, and 4

D

Benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics generally have a higher margin of overdose safety than other drugs in this depressant category

True