8.3 Bonding Theories
A bonding orbital is a molecular orbital whose energy is hight than that of the atomic orbitals from which it is found. (Always True, Never True, Sometimes True)
Never True
When two atomic orbitals combine to form a molecular orbital that is symmetrical around the axis connecting two atomic nuclei, a _________ bond is formed. (lower, molecular orbitals, bonding orbital, sigma)
Sigma
Molecular orbitals involve pi bonding. (Always True, Never True, Sometimes True)
Sometimes True
Sigma and pi bonds are found in the same molecule. (Always True, Never True, Sometimes True)
Sometimes True
States that because electron pairs repel, molecules adjust their shapes so that valence-electron pairs are as far apart as possible. (sigma bond, pi bond, VSEPR theory, hybridization, linear molecule)
VSEPR theory
___________ states that because electron pairs repel, molecular shape adjusts so the valence-electron pairs are as far apart as possible. (VSEPR theory, orbital hybridization, pi, three-dimensional)
VSEPR theory
A molecular orbit that can be occupied by two electrons of a covalent bond is called a ________, whose energy is __________ than that of the atomic orbitals from which it is formed. (lower, molecular orbitals, bonding orbital, sigma)
bonding orbital, lower
A process in which several atomic orbitals overlap to form the same number of equivalent hybrid orbitals. (sigma bond, pi bond, VSEPR theory, hybridization, linear molecule)
hybridization
a term used to describe the shape of certain molecules such as CO². (sigma bond, pi bond, VSEPR theory, hybridization, linear molecule)
linear molecule
The quantum mechanic model of bonding assumes that atomic orbitals overlap to produce _____________. (lower, molecular orbitals, bonding orbital, sigma)
molecular orbitals
Another way to describe molecules that provides information about both molecular bonding and molecular shape is ___________. (VSEPR theory, orbital hybridization, pi, three-dimensional)
orbital hybridization
Electron dot structures fail to reflect the ________ shapes of molecules. (VSEPR theory, orbital hybridization, pi, three-dimensional)
three-dimensional
Unshared pairs of electrons affect the shape of molecules. (Always True, Never True, Sometimes True)
Always True
With hybridization, several atomic orbitals overlap to form the same total number of equivalent hybrid orbitals. (Always True, Never True, Sometimes True)
Always True
the methane molecule has four orbitals with tetrahedral angles of 109.5°. (Always True, Never True, Sometimes True)
Always True
When atomic orbitals overlap side by side, they produce ________ bonds. (VSEPR theory, orbital hybridization, pi, three-dimensional)
pi
A bond in which the bonding electrons are most likely to be found in the sausage-shaped regions above and below the nuclei of the bonded atoms. (sigma bond, pi bond, VSEPR theory, hybridization, linear molecule)
pi bond
A bond formed when two atomic orbitals combine to form a molecular orbital that is symmetrical along the axis connecting the two atomic nuclei. (sigma bond, pi bond, VSEPR theory, hybridization, linear molecule)
sigma bond