8th Grade Science: Quarter 2 Finals

fossil (meaning of the Latin word it comes from)

"to dig"

(How does) Kingdom Protista (get food)?

(Which Kingdom uses) endocytosis (to get food?)

(How does) Kingdom Plantae (get food)?

(Which Kingdom uses) photosynthesis (to get food?)

(How does) Kingdom Fungi (get food)?

(Which Kingdom) absorbs (food?)

(How does) Kingdom Animalia (get food)?

(Which Kingdom) takes/eats food from the environment (?)

(Why is) binomial nomenclature (useful?)

(____ is) a universal language all scientists can use when discussing organisms

(six) characteristics of living organisms

- maintains stable internal conditions (homeostasis) - organized (DNA, genes) - uses energy - grows - reproduces - responds to stimuli

(Which Kingdoms can have) both (types of cells?)

Kingdom Fungi (eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells?)

(Which Kingdoms can be) both (multicellular or unicellular?)

Kingdom Fungi (unicellular or multicellular?)

(Which Kingdoms can be/are) multicellular (?)

Kingdom Plantae, Animalia (unicellular or multicellular?)

(Which Kingdoms can be/are) unicellular (?)

Kingdom Protista (unicellular or multicellular?)

(Which Kingdoms can have/have) eukaryotic (cells?)

Kingdom Protista, Plantae, Animalia (eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells?)

(What is interesting about) whale flippers (?)

____ have bones similar to human hands and arms

(How can) fossils (be useful to the study of evolution?)

____ show intermediate steps within a species

carbonization

a dead organism is compressed gradually, its tissues are pushed out, an outline is formed

population

a group of organisms from the same species in the same geographic area

common descent

all living things have a common ancestor

mineralization

an organism dies, its body is buried in mud, mineral replace tissues

heterotroph

an organism that has to take in food

autotroph

an organism that makes their own food

evolution

any change across generations in the heritable traits of organism

chemical change

atoms/molecule rearrange; signs of it: gas produced, heat/light produced, color change, solid forms

velocity (How do you find it?)

displacement/time

speed (How do you find it?)

distance/time

physical change

doesn't affect chemical composition; all atoms and molecules stay the same

potential energy (PE)

energy dependent on the position of the object; formula = mgh

Order

fifth category of classification (after Class)

Domain

first category of classification (least specific)

gravity

force that attracts 2 objects to each other; the larger the object, the stronger the gravitational pull

Class

fourth category of classification (after Phylum)

flow of heat

hot to cold; heat moves to make the temperature equal

how humans have affected wolf evolution

humans bred wolves to have traits that make them better for hunting and companionship, which is why we have dogs

unicellular growth

increases cell size

multicellular growth

increases number of cells

Species

last category of classification (most specific)

density (How do you find it?)

mass/volume

(when) PE = KE (on a pendulum)

mid-swing (between highest and lowest points on a pendulum) (What is the PE/KE like?)

molds and casts

organism dies, shell/bone makes impression

speed (scalar or vector?)

scalar (speed or velocity?)

Kingdom

second category of classification (after Domain)

Genus

seventh category of classification (after Family)

common ancestor

shared by all living things- the organism all other organisms originated from

Family

sixth category of classification (after Order)

kinetic energy (KE)

the energy of motion; an object must be moving to have this energy

natural selection

the process by which random evolutionary changes are selected for by nature in a consistent, orderly, non-random way; independently discovered by Darwin and Wallace; started as a theory/idea from Darwin, but is now a widely-accepted fact

comparative anatomy

the study of the differences and similarities of living things

Phylum

third category of classification (after Kingdom)

velocity (scalar or vector?)

vector (speed or velocity?)

mutation

when DNA is copied, errors can occur, which can cause changes in the DNA

highest PE (on a pendulum)

when height is highest/highest point (on a pendulum)(What is the KE/PE like?)

highest KE (on a pendulum)

when height is lowest/lowest point (on a pendulum)(What is the KE/PE like?)

descent with modification

when parents have children, they may be slightly different