9

At which age would you expect acute self-consciousness about physical appearance to be at its highest?

12

Adolescent relationships are complicated. A recent U.S. Youth Risk Behavior Survey investigating reasons teenagers break up with a dating partner revealed that approximately _____ of girls and _____ of boys have broken up with a dating partner after being pressured to engage in unwanted sexual activity.

15 percent; 5 percent

Anorexia nervosa was undiagnosed until about:

1950

It has been estimated that _____ of U.S. teens suffer from Internet addiction.

3%

The entire process of pubertal development begins between the ages of _____ and lasts about _____.

8 and 16; 7 years

Early sexual experiences can lead to pregnancy at a young age. As of 2013, approximately _____ of teenage mothers were unmarried.

86 percent

Which statement about teens' use of the Internet is TRUE?

Adolescents' daily use of the Internet is more likely for social than academic reasons.

Well-nourished _____ tend to experience puberty a few months earlier and _____ a few months later than _____, but they all develop well if their classmates are on the same schedule.

Africans; Asians; Europeans

Which girl is MOST likely to have engaged in sexual activity?

Brenda, who has low self-esteem?

All of the following are correlated with higher achievement and PISA scores EXCEPT:

Cognitive abilities of students in the United States seem to be more practical than academic.

Which statement about education is TRUE?

Completing secondary and tertiary education is related to improved health and wealth in every nation.

_____ levels increase during puberty, causing adolescents to become angry or upset more quickly.

Cortisol

Which theorist is known for the concept of adolescent egocentrism?

David Elkind

_____ is sometimes called "top-down reasoning."

Deductive reasoning

Which of these is a secondary sex characteristic?

Females' hips grow wider.

Which of the following STIs can be prevented if an adolescent female receives an immunization before her first sexual encounter?

HPV

About _____ of adult bone mass is acquired between the ages of 10 and 20.

Half

Which statement regarding the U.S. high school dropout rate is TRUE?

Hispanic students are the most likely to drop out.

_____ involves propositions and possibilities that may or may not reflect reality.

Hypothetical thinking

Based on Klaczynski's research, a higher _____ did not advance logic as much as experience did

IQ test score

_____ is sometimes called "bottom-up reasoning."

Inductive

The hormone that affects appetite and is believed to affect the onset of puberty is:

Leptin

Which statement about the Internet and sexual abuse is TRUE?

Most teens avoid sexual predators online.

Randa is being cyberbullied by a group of girls in her middle school. They are sending her hurtful text messages and posting mean messages about her on their Instagram and Facebook pages. Which statement about Randa is TRUE?

Randa may feel worse about the bullying than if it were happening to her in person.

In what way does stress affect puberty?

Stress increases the hormones that start puberty.

Why do emotions rule behavior for many teens?

The amygdala matures before the prefrontal cortex does.

Sophia is a 17-year-old girl. Which statement below is TRUE about body fat for Sophia?

The average 17-year-old girl has twice the percentage of body fat as a 17-year-old boy.

Which statement concerning a teenager's brain growth is TRUE?

The limbic system matures before the prefrontal cortex does.

What is one of the MAIN differences between the limbic system and the prefrontal cortex?

The prefrontal cortex is more developmentally constrained, maturing gradually.

Why are many teenagers thrill seekers?

The prefrontal cortex is not yet mature.

Which of the following is considered a male secondary sexual characteristic?

The shoulders widen.

Which statement about the use of the Internet and other forms of technology is TRUE?

They can be used as tools for learning.

Which is NOT a major influence on the age of onset of menarche?

Vitamins?

One symptom of anorexia nervosa as defined by the American Psychiatric Association is:

a body mass index of 18 or lower, or loss of more than 10 percent of weight within a month.

The relatively sudden and rapid physical growth that occurs during puberty is referred to as:

a growth spurt.

Which of the following is NOT given as a reason by parents to restrict their teens' technology use?

academic performance

The invincibility fable and the imaginary audience are both related to:

adolescent egocentrism.

Twelve-year-old Jose noticed his teacher walk right past him in class today without looking at him. His teacher stopped at the desk behind Jose and told his classmate Jana that she did a good job on her exam yesterday. Jose interpreted his teacher's behavior as proof that his teacher hates him. This conclusion is likely reflective of:

adolescent egocentrism.

Which variable is associated with academic success during the middle school years?

adolescents adopting a concept of mastery motivation

Different parts of the brain have different responsibilities. For instance, the amygdala:

affects pubertal hormones and thus makes sensations (e.g., loud music) more intense.

Teenagers are likely to experience sleep deprivation as a consequence of their:

altered circadian rhythm.

What type of thought involves the rational analysis of many factors whose interactions must be calculated?

analytic

What disorder is characterized by voluntary starvation?

anorexia nervosa

For boys, late puberty correlates with:

anxiety and depression.

According to research, one way that adolescents seem to try to avoid feeling like failures during middle school is to:

avoid failure by avoiding effort.

Which task did Piaget devise to demonstrate formal operational thought?

balancing a scale

One symptom of bulimia nervosa is:

bingeing and purging

Which of the following is a predictor of the start of puberty?

body fat

A person's idea of how his or her body looks is called:

body image

Myranda, who is a teen, is wide awake at midnight but half asleep all morning. Her hormones are causing:

changes in her circadian rhythm.

What is the MOST frequently reported sexually transmitted infection?

chlamydia

A _____ is a day–night cycle of biological activity that occurs approximately every 24 hours.

circadian rhythm

The PISA exam is intended to gauge:

cognition and problem-solving skills needed in adult life

Which factor has narrowed the digital gap between generations?

cost of smartphones

Social media and celebrity fandom can lead to teens being exposed to and learning more about self-destructive behaviors such as starvation or:

cutting

The overall rate of teen births and teen abortions is:

declining for both.

The thought process that involves taking a general statement, premise, or principle and using logical steps to figure out specifics is called:

deductive reasoning.

Early adolescent sexual activity correlates with:

depression and drug abuse.

During puberty, different parts of the brain grow at:

different rates.

In our current technology explosion, adolescents can be described as:

digital natives.

For boys, this may occasionally occur during sleep or direct stimulation without ejaculation

erection?

Some people, especially males, are naturally more alert in the evening than in the morning, a genetic trait called:

eveningness

Jay is a 16-year-old gay male living in rural Alaska. A possible negative result of Jay using the Internet to connect with other youth may be:

experiencing cyberbullying.

One sign of stress during adolescence is:

externalizing behaviors by blaming others.

The immaturity of a young teenage mother will increase the risk of:

failure to provide the responsive care an infant may need.

For boys, late pubertal development correlates with:

fear of sexual activity.

Randy is in the stage of _____ if his thinking no longer depends on concrete experiences.

formal operational thought

How much weight an adolescent gains during his or her growth spurt depends on all of the following EXCEPT:

gender identity

Another name for the male or female sex glands is:

gonads

"Secondary education" refers to:

grades 7 through 12.

During the adolescent growth spurt:

growth proceeds from the extremities to the core.

Researchers believe that hormones and environmental chemicals in the food supply:

have led to changes in body fat and effects at puberty.

Early-maturing girls tend to:

have lower self-esteem than late-maturing girls

Clark is going through a growth spurt. The first observable evidence will likely be that:

his fingers and toes lengthen.

Precocious puberty may result from:

hormones in food.

The individual who engages in hypothetical thought clearly demonstrates an understanding of the word

if

Sexual development that comes earlier for boys in the twenty-first century:

increases the likelihood of aggression, lawbreaking activities, and alcohol abuse

The thought process that involves using one or more specific experiences or facts to reach a general conclusion is called:

inductive reasoning.

One result of dissatisfaction with body image is that many teenage girls struggling with anorexia may eat erratically or _____ to lose weight.

ingest drugs (especially diet pills)

What type of thought begins with a prior belief, past experience, or common assumption rather than a logical premise?

intuitive

Seventeen-year-old Gina typically makes good decisions and stays out of trouble. Her parents were surprised one night to discover that Gina had snuck out of the house, knowing that if she were caught, she would be grounded and would lose driving privileges and the use of her cell phone. When questioned about her decision to sneak out, Gina told her parents that her best friend was having a hard time, so Gina "had to" go talk to her at 3:00 A.M. Nothing else mattered, she told her parents. Gina seemed to have made her decision to sneak out based on _____ thinking.

intuitive?

The adolescent's belief that he or she cannot be overcome or even harmed by anything that might defeat a normal mortal is called the:

invincibility fable

One reason that sexting during adolescence is destructive is that:

it can be especially damaging when a young adolescent is trying to establish their sexual identity.

In the United States, young people aged 15 to 25 make up _____ of the sexually active population and account for _____ of all STIs.

less than one-fourth; half

Hypothetical thought:

may complicate reflection about serious issues.

One longitudinal study that examined the brain scans of both teenagers and adults concluded that the brain scans of the teenagers:

may look like adult scans but are not as cognitively developed as adult brains.

Many developmentalists consider _____ to be "developmentally regressive"—also described as when learning goes backward.

middle schools

Early-maturing boys are:

more likely to be aggressive and to abuse alcohol

Since the U.S. trend toward more high-stakes testing began:

other nations have moved away from relying on high-stakes testing

The sex glands in a female are called _____, and the sex glands in a male are called _____.

ovaries; testicles

What is the typical distinction of adolescents transitioning toward adulthood in MOST nations?

physical growth and maturation

What part of the brain does not reach full maturation until individuals are in their mid-20s?

prefrontal cortex

The parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction are called:

primary sex characteristics.

One way of encouraging adolescents to engage in their education is to:

provide programs for students interested in preparing for jobs rather than college.

Growth during the adolescent growth spurt proceeds from the extremities to the core. This is the opposite of:

proximodistal growth.

Associated with research on other animals under stress, one theory on the possible cause of the academic decline seen in middle school is:

puberty.

According to business leaders, today's high school graduates lack _____, which would make them more prepared for the rapidly changing job market.

real-world experience

High schools today:

require most students to take two years of math beyond algebra.

Living in a stressful environment has been found to:

result in earlier puberty.

The period after primary education and before tertiary education is called:

secondary education

During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, each generation reached puberty before the previous one. This is known as the:

secular trend.

Childhood nutrition is directly related to the secular trend, and as such the overall trend in physical growth:

seems to have stopped.?

Sending sexual content via cell phone or social media is referred to as:

sexting

Compared to 100 years ago, adolescent sexual activity, especially if it results in birth, is more hazardous because:

sexually transmitted infections are more common and dangerous.

In primary school, children multiply real numbers. However, in secondary education adolescents multiply unreal numbers. This is an example of the

shift from concrete operational thought to formal operational thought in adolescence.

In primary school, children multiply real numbers. However, in secondary education adolescents multiply unreal numbers. This is an example of the:

shift from concrete operational thought to formal operational thought in adolescence.

Micah is in middle school and is learning about the cosmos in his science class. This is an example of the:

shift from concrete operational thought to formal operational thought in adolescence.

Exacerbated by the pubescent phase delay, eveningness puts adolescents at high risk for _____ because they are awake when adults are sound asleep.

sleep deprivation

Curtis is 18 years old. His brain is naturally:

sleepy in the morning and alert at night.

This refers to a boy's first ejaculation of sperm.

spermarche

Which complication is associated with teen pregnancy?

spontaneous abortion

One result of dissatisfaction with body image is that many teenage boys:

take steroids to increase muscle mass.

_____ are notoriously sleep deprived.

teenagers

The risk of anorexia increases when:

teens have a close family member who has an eating disorder or depression.

College is considered:

tertiary education.

The route that many hormones follow to trigger the changes of puberty is called:

the HPA axis.

The notion that two networks exist within the brain, one for emotional and one for analytical processing of stimuli, describes:

the concept of dual processing.

One of the body changes in adolescence that increases physical endurance is that:

the heart doubles in size.

Overall the number of births to teenagers is declining and the rate of adolescent pregnancy in the United States is:

the highest of any developed nation.

Julie is obsessed with how others will react to her behavior and appearance. It takes her several hours to dress in the morning as she considers what both her friends and her enemies will think of her. Julie's behavior reflects the power of:

the imaginary audience.

The teenagers' need to look and behave a certain way is MOST related to:

the imaginary audience.

Thirteen-year-old Mark refuses to go to school because he has a pimple. He is convinced that everyone will make fun of him. Mark's behavior is an example of:

the imaginary audience.

Which of these BEST explains why teens engage in behavior that they know puts them at risk?

the invincibility fable

Developmentalists suspect that one reason for the slowdown in academic achievement that is seen in middle schools is:

the lack of connection between teachers and their students.

International comparisons among sexually active teenagers across the world indicated that U.S. 10th grade students who were sexually active were _____ to have used a condom during their most recent sexual encounter?

the least likely

Fifteen-year-old Jordan believes that she is destined for greatness. She knows that she is going to be the first female president of the United States and does not listen to anyone who tells her that she should be "more realistic" in her goals. Jordan's feelings about her future are an example of:

the personal fable.

One possible reason that adolescents struggle socially or academically is that:

their egocentrism is dominating.?

Girls go on diets because they want to be thinner, partly because:

they want to look like the teens they see in the media and magazines.

One hallmark of formal operational thought is the ability to:

think of possibility.

What is adolescent egocentrism?

thinking that leads young people to focus on themselves to the exclusion of others

The last part(s) of the adolescent body to be fully formed is (are) the:

torso

Although concrete operational thinkers might succeed on the balance-scale test of formal reasoning, they are less likely succeed because of their reliance on:

trial and error.

During adolescence, the lungs will _____ in weight and the heart will _____ in size.

triple; double

The brain of every living creature responds to the environment with:

variation depending on the time of the year.

Ming-Lee, a teenager from China, and Sara Jo, a teenager in the United States, have similar anxieties about:

weight gain.

With respect to ethnic differences, dissatisfaction with body image is found:

worldwide.