A & P 1 chapter 6 ( wiley quiz)
When bones increase in thickness (diameter) as an individual grows to adulthood, which tissue or cells of the bone begin this growth process?
cells of the periosteum differentiating into osteoblasts
Which represents the correct sequence of development of bone cells?
osteoprogenitor cells → osteoblasts → osteocytes
Which of the following labeled structures in the diagram is a site of red blood cell production in adult bones?
A ( Epiphysis )
Which structure in the image below represents an osteon, the structural unit of compact bone?
A ( Osteon )
List the order of the zones in an epiphyseal plate from the diaphyseal region to the distal epiphysis.
A: Zone of calcified cartilage B: Zone of hypertrophic cartilage C: Zone of proliferating cartilage D: Zone of resting cartilage Answer: a,b,c,d
Which of the following tissues could be found on or within a bone, such as the humerus?
Adipose tissue Nervous tissue Cartilage Osseous tissue all of these
By which process, as an individual grows to adulthood, is the thickness (diameter) of bone increased?
Appositional growth
Which of the structures in the image below represents concentric lamellae, the layers of mineralized extracellular matrix in bone tissue?
B ( concentric lamellae )
In which region of the diagram would yellow bone marrow be located?
C ( Diaphysis )
Which structure in the image below is one of a series of small channels that connect adjacent osteocytes with each other and with central canals. These canals allow nutrients, oxygen, and wastes to be properly routed even when a cell isn't immediately next to a blood vessel?
D ( Canaliculi )
In terms of bone health, why would a physician advise an older patient to do more weight-bearing activity such as walking, jogging, or use of moderate weights?
It promotes normal bone remodeling osteoblasts deposit more minerals salts and collagen fibers as a response to mechanical stress being sedentary (not physically active) promotes bone loss through resorption by osteoclasts bone formation in stressed bones is stimulated by the tug of muscles (when exercising) all of these explain why a physician would give such advice to a patient
Which of the following selections correctly lists the sequence of events that occur during intramembranous ossification?
Ossification center develops Calcification Formation of trabeculae Development of new periosteum.
The ______ is composed of hyaline cartilage and reduces friction between bones involved in a joint.
articular cartilage
Which two minerals are stored in major quantities in bone tissue?
calcium and phosphorus
Which region of a long bone articulates with other bones
epiphysis
Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in the repair of a bone fracture?
fracture hematoma fibrocartilaginous callus formation bony callus formation bone remodeling
Which type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is only seen in children?
greenstick
The process of intramembranous ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of mesenchymal tissue. In contrast, endochondral ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of _____.
hyaline cartilage
Once osteoblasts have surrounded themselves with the extracellular matrix of bone tissue, they remain inside little chambers called __________ where they carry on the metabolic functions that maintain bone tissue. At this point, the cells are called osteocytes.
lacunae
The hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty, yellow bone marrow in adults is called the
medullary cavity
In which region of a long bone, such as the humerus, would you find the epiphyseal plate (growth plate)?
metaphysis
Which is formed from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes (a type of white blood cell)?
osteoclast
Bone tissue stores 99% of the body's calcium. Calcium plays important roles beyond the mineralization of bones. The exchange of calcium between bone and body fluids (especially the blood) is regulated by several hormones. Which of the following is the most important hormone regulating calcium exchange?
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Stan is a 35 year old man who is a dedicated long distance runner. He spends hours every week running along neighborhood streets. Recently Stan has had to go to the doctor due to pain in his lower legs that intensifies when he tries to run. There is no swelling or obvious damage, so he is surprised to hear the doctor say he has a fracture of his tibia. Stan is most likely to have which type of fracture?
stress fracture
Compact bone is composed of units called osteons. In contrast, spongy bone is composed of _____.
trabeculae
