A & p 2 Exam 2

Which statement accurately compares filtration and reabsorption?

Filtration involves bulk flow of fluid out of the blood, whereas reabsorption id bulk flow back into the blood.

Which cell type is targeted by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Helper T-lymphocyte

Which of the artery types contain the internal and external elastic laminae and are called distributing arteries?

Muscular arteries

Sunusoids are found in a. bone marrow b. spleen c. small intestine d. kidney e. liver f. muscle g. skin

a, b, e

In positive selection of T-lymphocytes, those cells that

can bind MHC survive.

Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occur between the __________ and the tissues of the body.

capillaries

The cardiac center of the brainstem includes the

cardioacceleratory center, from which sympathetic pathways extend.

If T-lymphocytes that failed the negative selection test were not destroyed, the immune system would likely

cause autoimmune disorders.

Chemotaxis is the process by which

cells migrate along chemical gradients.

High carbon dioxide levels and low pH in blood of the carotid arteries will stimulate

chemoreceptors to activate the vasomotor center.

Poison ivy contains a toxin that acts as a hapten by

combining with a body protein and then triggering an immune response.

The main function of tonsils is to detect and protect against infections agents that are

ingested or inhaled.

A fever __________ reproduction of bacteria and _________ CAMs on the endothelium of capillaries of lymph nodes.

inhibits; increases

Net filtration pressure (NFP) is equal to the

net hydrostatic pressure minus the net colloid osmotic pressure.

Blood colloid osmotic pressure is largely due to

the proteins in the blood, and it promotes reabsorption.

Immunity can be transferred from mother to child. When the child's immunity is acquired

through the placenta or through breastmilk, it is passive immunity.

The term "primary lymphatic structure" applies

to the red bone marrow and thymus.

If someone's blood pressure were listed as 115/70 mmHg, then their mean arterial pressure (MAP) would be

85 mmHg.

Plasma cells have a life span of about ________, which is mainly spent in the ________.

5 days, lymph nodes

Precapillary sphincters will

All of the answers are correct. (Open when the tissue needs nutrients, cause blood to flow directly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule, close when the tissue's needs have been met, and control blood flow into the true capillaries.

The first signal during helper T-lymphocyte activation involves

CD4 of the helper T-cell binding with MHC II of the antigen-presenting cell.

Lymph nodes may be found individually, or clustered in specific regions of the body. Which cluster of lymph nodes receives lymph from the head and neck?

Cervical lymph nodes

Which type of cell is the most effective to attack multicellular parasites such as tapeworms?

Eosinophils

Which of the following lists the body's first, second, and third lines of defense in order?

External innate immunity, internal innate immunity, adaptive immunity

Which type of antibody is formed in response to parasitic infections and allergies, and has the effect of activating mast cells and basophils?

IgE

Which is not correct regarding the white pulp of the spleen?

It serves as a blood reservoir.

Which class of major histocompatibility molecules is specific to antigen-presenting cells?

MHC class II

With respect to the lymphatic system, what do the letters in the acronym MALT stand for?

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue

Which is not one of the cardinal signs of inflammation?

Numbness

"Complement" refers to a group of

Plasma proteins

Within the red pulp of the spleen are enlarged capillaries called __________, which have a discontinuous basal lamina that allows blood cells to enter and exit easily.

Splenic sinusoids

Which type of lymphocyte has coreceptors and that assist in the interaction of the lymphocyte with a cell presenting antigen?

T-lymphocyte

When women with breast cancer undergo surgery to remove the tumor or the entire breast, the axillary lymph nodes are often removed as well. Why?

The axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the breast and may contain cancer cells.

Where do T-lymphocytes mature?

Thymus gland

Tonsils have multiple invaginated outer edges called _________ that help trap material.

crypts

MHC class I molecules on a cell allow it to interact with

cytotoxic T-lymphocytes

Fungi are

eukaryotic cells with a cell wall.

If someone had a cut in their skin through which a bacterium entered, but that bacterium was then destroyed by a neutrophil, this would be an example of

failed external innate immunity, but successful internal innate immunity.

Exudate is

fluid that leaves capillaries to "wash" the interstitial space of an injured tissue.

A membrane attack complex is a protein grouping that

forms a channel in the target cell membrane that causes cytolsis.

As a venous pathway moves closer to the heart, the veins

get larger.

Lymphatic capillaries

originate as closed-end tubes associated with blood capillary networks.

Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes destroy infected cells by releasing

perforin and granzymes.

The thoracic duct collects lymph from all of the following except the

right arm.

When compared to a primary response, the antibody levels in a secondary response

rise more rapidly and with a greater proportion of IgG antibodies.

Regions of malt called Peyer patches are found in the

small intestine.

The path that fluid takes as it enters a lymphatic capillary is through

spaces between capillary endothelial cells that are arranged as one-way flaps.

The __________ of a vessel is composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells.

tunica media

In arteries, the thickest layer of the wall is the

tunica media.

A network of small arteries called the ________ provides a blood supply to the tunica externa of very large vessels.

vasa vasorum

Angiotensin II causes

vasoconstriction, decreased urine formation, and increased thirst.