A & p 2 Exam 2
Which statement accurately compares filtration and reabsorption?
Filtration involves bulk flow of fluid out of the blood, whereas reabsorption id bulk flow back into the blood.
Which cell type is targeted by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
Helper T-lymphocyte
Which of the artery types contain the internal and external elastic laminae and are called distributing arteries?
Muscular arteries
Sunusoids are found in a. bone marrow b. spleen c. small intestine d. kidney e. liver f. muscle g. skin
a, b, e
In positive selection of T-lymphocytes, those cells that
can bind MHC survive.
Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occur between the __________ and the tissues of the body.
capillaries
The cardiac center of the brainstem includes the
cardioacceleratory center, from which sympathetic pathways extend.
If T-lymphocytes that failed the negative selection test were not destroyed, the immune system would likely
cause autoimmune disorders.
Chemotaxis is the process by which
cells migrate along chemical gradients.
High carbon dioxide levels and low pH in blood of the carotid arteries will stimulate
chemoreceptors to activate the vasomotor center.
Poison ivy contains a toxin that acts as a hapten by
combining with a body protein and then triggering an immune response.
The main function of tonsils is to detect and protect against infections agents that are
ingested or inhaled.
A fever __________ reproduction of bacteria and _________ CAMs on the endothelium of capillaries of lymph nodes.
inhibits; increases
Net filtration pressure (NFP) is equal to the
net hydrostatic pressure minus the net colloid osmotic pressure.
Blood colloid osmotic pressure is largely due to
the proteins in the blood, and it promotes reabsorption.
Immunity can be transferred from mother to child. When the child's immunity is acquired
through the placenta or through breastmilk, it is passive immunity.
The term "primary lymphatic structure" applies
to the red bone marrow and thymus.
If someone's blood pressure were listed as 115/70 mmHg, then their mean arterial pressure (MAP) would be
85 mmHg.
Plasma cells have a life span of about ________, which is mainly spent in the ________.
5 days, lymph nodes
Precapillary sphincters will
All of the answers are correct. (Open when the tissue needs nutrients, cause blood to flow directly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule, close when the tissue's needs have been met, and control blood flow into the true capillaries.
The first signal during helper T-lymphocyte activation involves
CD4 of the helper T-cell binding with MHC II of the antigen-presenting cell.
Lymph nodes may be found individually, or clustered in specific regions of the body. Which cluster of lymph nodes receives lymph from the head and neck?
Cervical lymph nodes
Which type of cell is the most effective to attack multicellular parasites such as tapeworms?
Eosinophils
Which of the following lists the body's first, second, and third lines of defense in order?
External innate immunity, internal innate immunity, adaptive immunity
Which type of antibody is formed in response to parasitic infections and allergies, and has the effect of activating mast cells and basophils?
IgE
Which is not correct regarding the white pulp of the spleen?
It serves as a blood reservoir.
Which class of major histocompatibility molecules is specific to antigen-presenting cells?
MHC class II
With respect to the lymphatic system, what do the letters in the acronym MALT stand for?
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue
Which is not one of the cardinal signs of inflammation?
Numbness
"Complement" refers to a group of
Plasma proteins
Within the red pulp of the spleen are enlarged capillaries called __________, which have a discontinuous basal lamina that allows blood cells to enter and exit easily.
Splenic sinusoids
Which type of lymphocyte has coreceptors and that assist in the interaction of the lymphocyte with a cell presenting antigen?
T-lymphocyte
When women with breast cancer undergo surgery to remove the tumor or the entire breast, the axillary lymph nodes are often removed as well. Why?
The axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the breast and may contain cancer cells.
Where do T-lymphocytes mature?
Thymus gland
Tonsils have multiple invaginated outer edges called _________ that help trap material.
crypts
MHC class I molecules on a cell allow it to interact with
cytotoxic T-lymphocytes
Fungi are
eukaryotic cells with a cell wall.
If someone had a cut in their skin through which a bacterium entered, but that bacterium was then destroyed by a neutrophil, this would be an example of
failed external innate immunity, but successful internal innate immunity.
Exudate is
fluid that leaves capillaries to "wash" the interstitial space of an injured tissue.
A membrane attack complex is a protein grouping that
forms a channel in the target cell membrane that causes cytolsis.
As a venous pathway moves closer to the heart, the veins
get larger.
Lymphatic capillaries
originate as closed-end tubes associated with blood capillary networks.
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes destroy infected cells by releasing
perforin and granzymes.
The thoracic duct collects lymph from all of the following except the
right arm.
When compared to a primary response, the antibody levels in a secondary response
rise more rapidly and with a greater proportion of IgG antibodies.
Regions of malt called Peyer patches are found in the
small intestine.
The path that fluid takes as it enters a lymphatic capillary is through
spaces between capillary endothelial cells that are arranged as one-way flaps.
The __________ of a vessel is composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells.
tunica media
In arteries, the thickest layer of the wall is the
tunica media.
A network of small arteries called the ________ provides a blood supply to the tunica externa of very large vessels.
vasa vasorum
Angiotensin II causes
vasoconstriction, decreased urine formation, and increased thirst.
