A & P Assignment 7 Study Guide Chapter 6

Which of the following statements are true of muscle arrangements ?

a. antagonistic muscles are those with opposite functions e. a muscle may have more than one synergist because the bone to be moved may be in several different positions f. an antagonist to a muscle is usually found on the opposite side of the joint to be moved

Which of the following statements are true of muscle tone?

a. good tone improves coordination b. it is a state of slight contraction e. the total muscle tone of the body produces a significant amount of body heat

which of the following statements are true of the structure of sarcomeres?

a. myosin filaments are in the center of the sarcomere b. the T tubules of the sarcolemma are close to the sarcoplasmic reticulum c. troponin and tropomyosin are inhibiting proteins f. the contracting proteins are actin and myosin

which of the following statements are true of the body's responses to exercise?

a. respiration increases to take in more O2 and exhale more CO2 b. heart rate increases to circulate more oxygenated blood to muscles d. the arteries to muscles dilate to carry more blood

Which of the following statements are true of muscle senses?

a. the brain forms a picture of where the muscles are e. unconscious muscle sense is integrated by the cerebellum f. it is important for everyday tasks and for coordination

Which of the following statements are true of movement

a. the respiratory system brings oxygen into the body c. the circulatory system removes CO2 from the muscles d. the nervous system provides impulses to stimulate muscle contraction e. voluntary movement is completely dependent on nerve impulses

Which of the following statements are true of tendons ?

a. they are made of fibrous connective tissue b. they attach muscle to bone c. many are rope-like but some are flat e. the attaching tendon at a muscle's origin helps provide stability f. the attaching tendon at a muscle's insertion is on the bone to be moved

depolarization of a muscle fiber is stimulated by

acetylcholine that allows the entry of sodium ions

in a neuromuscular junction, the impulse is transmitted from the motor neuron by

acetylcholine to the muscle fiber

the muscle group on the medial side of the thigh that adducts the thigh is the

adductor group

muscles with opposite functions are called

antagonists

in the neuromuscular junction, acetylcholine is contained within the

axon terminal

in the neuromuscular junction, the

axon terminal is the end of the motor neuron

the simple reaction of cell respiration is

Glucose +02 >c02 + H2-+ heat + ATP

which of the following statements are true of electrical changes at the sarcolemma?

f. an action potential is depolarization followed by repolarization

which of the following statements are true of the neuromuscular junction?

f. the receptors for acetylcholine are in the sarcolemma

the fibers of a tendon merge with the

fascia of a muscle and the periosteum of a bone

the contraction of skeletal muscles is initiated by the

frontal lobes of the cerebrum

the muscle on the back of the lower leg that plantar flexes the foot is the

gastrocnemius

the muscle on the buttock that extends the thigh is the

gluteus maximus

the muscle on the lateral side of the hip that abducts the thigh is the

gluteus medius

the most abundant energy source for muscle contraction is

glycogen

in muscles, the waste product creatinine comes from

glycogen and is excreted by the kidneys

the muscle group on the back of the thigh that extends the thigh is the

hamstring group - antagonists

during exercise, more blood will be circulated to muscles because of increased

heart rate

the muscle in the inguinal area that flexes the thigh is the

iliopsoas

the more movable attachment of a muscle to a bone is called the

insertion

exercise that involves contraction without movement is called

isometric

exercise that involves contraction with movement is called

isotinic

muscles that move the lower leg must cross the

knee joint

when oxygen is not present in contracting muscles

lactic acid is formed that contributes to fatigue muscle

the muscle on the back of the trunk that extends and adducts the arm is the

latissimus dori

the muscle attached to the mandible that raises the lower jaw is the

masseter

having a mental picture of where our muscles are is called

muscle sense

the state of slight contraction present in healthy muscles is called

muscle tone

the state of slight contraction present in healthy muscles is called

muscle tone and depends on nerve impulses

about 25% of the body's heat at rest is produced by the

muscle tone of the skeletal muscles

in muscles, oxygen is store by

myoglobin

the iron-containing protein in muscles is

myoglobin and its function is to store oxygen

within a sarcomere, the contracting proteins are

myosin and actin

in the sliding filament mechanism,

myosin filaments pull actin filaments toward the center of sarcomere

during depolarization of a muscle fiber, there is a

negative charge outside the membrane and a positive charge inside

the organ system that transmits impulses for contraction to muscles is the

nervous system

the cerebellum

of the brain coordinates the actions of skeletal muscles

the muscle around the eye that closes the eye is the

orbiculan's oculi

the muscle around the eye that closes the eye is the

orbicularis oculi

the muscle around the mouth that puckers the lips is the

orbicularis oris

the more stationary attachment of a muscle to a bone is called the

origin

during polarization, sodium ions are abundant

outside the muscle fiber and potassium ions are abundant inside

lactic acid is produced in muscles that lack

oxygen and it contributes to muscle fatigue

conscious muscle sense is a function of the

parietal lobes of the cerebrum

the muscle on the chest that flexes and adducts the arm is the

pectoralis major

during polarization, the muscle fiber has a

positive charge outside the membrane and a negative charge inside

during repolarization of a muscle fiber,

potassium ions rush out of the cell

when a muscle contracts, its specific action is to

pull a bone

the muscle group on the front of the thigh that flexes the thigh is the

quadriceps femon's

the muscle on the ventral side of the trunk that flexes the vertebral column is the

rectus abdominus

the organ system that ensures adequate oxygen intake for muscles is the

respiratory system

in the neuromuscular junction, cholinesterase is contained within the

sarcolemma

in the neuromuscular junction, the

sarcolemma is the membrane of the muscle fiber

the units of contraction within a muscle fiber are called

sarcomeres

the muscle on the front of the thigh that flexes the thigh and lower leg is the

sartorius

the organ system that is moved by muscles is the

skeletal system

Four organ systems that are essential for the proper functioning of the muscular system are the

skeletal, respiratory, circulatory and nervous

during depolarization of a muscle fiber,

sodium ions rush into the cell

a synergist to the gastrocnemius is the

soleus

the sensory receptors in muscles are called

stretch receptors, and their information is essential for muscle sense

during exercise, excess heat is given off as

sweating increases

in the neuromuscular junction, the

synapse is the space

muscles with the same or similar function are called

synergists

muscles are attached to bones by

tendons which are made of fibrous connective tissue

in cell respiration,

the ATP produced is used for muscle contraction

in cell respiration,

the heat produced contributes to body temperature

the muscle on the front of the lower leg that dorsiflexes the foot is the

tibialis anterior

an antagonist to the gastrocnemius is the

tibialis anterior because it dorsiflexes of the foot

the muscle on the upper back that raises or lowers the shoulder is the

trapetifius

the muscle on the back of the arm that extends the forearm is the

triceps brachii - antagonists

in the sliding filament mechanism, the inhibiting proteins are

troponin and tropomyosin

during exercise, there is more blood within muscles because of

vasodilation within the muscles

the direct energy source for muscle contraction is

ATP

which of the following statements are true of the brain and movement ?

b. the frontal lobes generate the impulses for movement d. having movements stop appropriately is a function of the cerebellum e. coordination of movements is a function of the cerebellum

which of the following statements are true of the locations and functions of muscle?

b. the hamstring group extends the thigh c. the trapezius raises the shoulder f. the rectus abdominis flexes the vertebral column

Which of the following statements are true of cell respiration?

b. the purpose is to produce energy for cellular work c. an energy by-product is heat d. the waste product is carbon dioxide

the muscle on the front of the arm that flexes the forearm is the

biceps brachii (antagonists)

which of the following statements are true of the locations and functions of muscle?

c. the biceps brachii flexes the forearm f. the external obliques help bend the vertebral column

which of the following statements are true of oxygen and muscle contraction ?

c. when oxygen is present in contraction muscle cells, CO2, and H2O are formed d. when oxygen is not present in contracting muscle cells, lactic acid is formed f. both myoglobin and hemoglobin can bond to oxygen because they contain the mineral iron

which of the following statements are true of the sliding filament mechanism?

c. with calcium ions, troponin shifts tropomyosin away from actin d. myosin filaments pull actin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere e. myosin releases the energy from ATP f. when a muscle fiber contracts, all of its sarcomeres contract

in the sliding filament mechanism, the inhibiting proteins are shifted out of the way by

calcium ions

within a muscle fiber, the sarcoplasmic reticulum contains

calcium ions

in cell respiration, the waste product produced is

carbon dioxide

the term oxygen debt refers to a lack of oxygen during the process of

cell respiration

the integration of unconscious muscle sense is a function of the

cerebellum

in the neuromuscular junction, acetylcholine is inactivated by

cholinesterase

the organ system that carries carbon dioxide away from contracting muscles is the

circulatory system

two indirect energy sources for muscle contraction are

creatinine phosphate and glycogen

Which of the following statements are true of energy sources for muscle contraction?

d. glycogen is stored in muscles for use during exercise e. the first step in the use of glycogen for energy is its conversion to glucose f. the energy from creatine phosphate is used to make more ATP

the muscle on the shoulder that abducts the arm is the

deltoid

muscles that move the forearm must cross the

elbow joint