A & P Exam 1: chapters 1 & 3

The characteristic of life that is defined as "all the chemical reactions taking place in an organism" is A) development. B) growth. C) metabolism. D) organization. E) responsiveness.

metabolism

All of the following are found in the thoracic cavity EXCEPT the A) lungs. B) pleurae. C) meninges. D) heart.

meninges

The antecubital (cubital fossa) region of the body most resembles what other body region? A) sacral B) lumbar C) popliteal D) tarsal

popliteal

Mature red blood cells cannot A) synthesize ATP. B) transport oxygen. C) synthesize new mRNA. D) use glucose as a nutrient.

synthesize new mRNA

Which subdivision of anatomy involves the study of organs that function together? A) regional B) developmental C) histology D) systemic

systemic

Which of the following molecules contains the anticodon? A) mRNA B) rRNA C) tRNA D) DNA

tRNA

Which of these anatomical terms refers to the ankle? A) crural B) femoral C) carpal D) pedal E) tarsal

tarsal

The pelvic cavity contains the A) kidneys. B) liver. C) spleen. D) stomach. E) urinary bladder.

urinary bladder

The nucleolus is A) a pore in the nuclear envelope. B) the exact center of the nucleus. C) where mitosis starts. D) where ribosomal subunits are synthesized.

where ribosomal subunits are synthesized

Given these characteristics: 1 requires energy 2 requires carrier proteins 3 requires membrane channels 4 requires vesicles Choose the characteristics that apply to exocytosis. A) 1, 2 B) 1, 4 C) 1, 3, 4 D) 1, 2, 3 E) 1, 2, 3, 4

1, 4

Given these characteristics: reduce friction between organs line fluid-filled cavities line trunk cavities that open to the exterior of the body Which of the characteristics describe serous membranes? A) 1,2 B) 1,3 C) 2,3 D) 1,2,3

1,2

Given these organ and cavity combinations: 1 heart and pericardial cavity 2 lungs and pleural cavity 3 stomach and peritoneal cavity 4 kidney and peritoneal cavity Which of the organs is correctly paired with a space that surrounds that organ? A) 1,2 B) 1,2,3 C) 1,2,4 D) 2,3,4 E) 1,2,3,4

1,2,3

By the process of mitosis in a human cell, __________ daughter cells are produced, each of which has __________ of chromosomes. A) 2, the same number B) 2, a different number C) 4, vesicles D) 4, cytosolic distributions E) 8, a reduced number

2, the same number

Given the following conceptual levels for considering the body: 1 cell 2 chemical 3 organ 4 organ system 5 organism 6 tissue Choose the correct order for these conceptual levels, from smallest to largest. A) 1,2,3,6,4,5 B) 2,1,6,3,4,5 C) 3,1,6,4,5,2 D) 4,6,1,3,5,2 E) 1,6,5,3,4,2

2,1,6,3,4,5

Given these directional terms: 1. caudal 2. cephalic 3. distal 4. inferior 5. proximal Which of these directional terms correctly describes the relationship of the ankle to the knee? A) 1,3 B) 1,3,4 C) 2,3,4 D) 3,4 E) 4,5

3,4

Given these serous membranes: 1. parietal pericardium 2. visceral pericardium 3. parietal peritoneum 4. visceral peritoneum 5. parietal pleura 6. visceral pleura A man had a knife wound that penetrated the abdomen, passed through the stomach, and hit the diaphragm, but did not pass all the way through. Arrange the serous membranes in the correct order as the knife passed through them. A) 1,2,4,3,5 B) 2,3,4,4,3,2 C) 3,4,4,3 D) 4,3,3,4,5 E) 5,6,6,4

3,4,4,3

The following events are part of a negative-feedback mechanism. 1 Blood pressure increases. 2 Control center compares actual blood pressure to the blood pressure set point. 3 The heart beats faster. 4 Receptors detect a decrease in blood pressure. Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur. A) 1,2,3,4 B) 1,3,2,4 C) 3,1,4,2 D) 4,2,3,1 E) 4,3,2,1

4,2,3,1

Given these terms related to negative(--)feedback: 1. control center 2. effector 3. receptor 4. response 5. stimulus Arrange them in the correct order as they operate to maintain homeostasis. A) 1,2,3,4,5 B) 2,3,5,1,4 C) 3,2,1,5,4 D) 4,5,3,2,1 E) 5,3,1,2,4

5,3,1,2,4

An mRNA molecule of 2400 nucleotides (bases) in length, could contain _______ codons. A) 800 B) 600 C) 1200 D) 2400

800

Container A contains a 10% salt solution, and container B contains a 20% salt solution. If the two solutions are connected, the net movement of water by diffusion is from _____________ to _____________, and the net movement of salt by diffusion is from _____________ to _____________. A) A,B; A,B B) A,B; B,A C) B,A; A,B D) B,A; B,A

A, B; B, A

The first human anatomical illustrations, published by ___________, allowed for the correction of centuries of mistakes in textbooks. A) Claudius Galen B) Andreas Vesalius C) Theodor Schwann D) William Harvey

Andreas Vesalius

The elements present in DNA and RNA are A) C, H, O B) C, H, O, N, S C) C, H, O, N, P D) O, H, N, P, S

C, H, O, N, P

mRNA is copied from A) DNA. B) tRNA. C) ribosomes. D) polypeptide chains. E) rRNA.

DNA

________ is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template. A) Hydrolase B) RNA polymerase C) DNA polymerase D) Peptide polymerase

RNA polymerase

During the cell life cycle, DNA replication occurs during the A) G1 phase. B) G2 phase. C) M phase. D) S phase.

S phase

Replication of DNA takes place during the A) G0 phase. B) G1 phase. C) G2 phase. D) S phase. E) M phase (mitosis).

S phase

Which of these statements concerning secondary active transport of glucose into cells is true? A) The sodium-potassium exchange pump moves Na+ into cells. B) The concentration of Na+ outside cells is less than inside cells. C) A carrier protein moves Na+ into cells and glucose out of cells. D) A carrier protein moves Na+ downhill and glucose uphill into cells. E) As Na+ is actively transported into the cell by the sodium-potassium pump, glucose is carried along.

a carrier protein moves Na+ downhill and glucose uphill into cells

Which of the following is a nonmembranous organelle? A) a mitochondrion B) the rough endoplasmic reticulum C) a centriole D) a lysosome

a centriole

According to the concept of negative feedback, a slight increase in blood pressure causes A) an increase in heart rate. B) a decrease in heart rate. C) no change in heart rate.

a decrease in heart rate

_______ possesses a double membranes with cristae formed by the inner membrane. A) The nuclear envelope B) A mitochondrion C) The lysosome D) The smooth endoplasmic reticulum

a mitochondrion

Which of the following is most similar to the negative feedback mechanism in human physiology? A) A car runs out of gas and stops. B) A teacher marks all the wrong answers on students' exam papers. C) A toilet tank refills itself after a flush. D) An automatic door opens as soon as somebody approaches it.

a toilet tank refills itself after a flush

The cavity of the body immediately inferior to the diaphragm is the ______ cavity. A) pleural B) thoracic C) inguinal D) abdominal

abdominal

Which of these anatomical terms refers to the shoulder? A) acromial B) brachial C) cervical D) clavicular E) digital

acromial

The carpus is distal to the A) manus. B) tarsus. C) digits. D) acromion.

acromion

Cyanide stops the production of ATP. Which of the following processes would be affected? A) simple diffusion B) osmosis C) active transport D) facilitated diffusion

active transport

When molecules move from the area of lower concentration to the area of higher concentration and energy is used, it is called A) filtration. B) osmosis. C) active transport. D) passive transport.

active transport

The sodium-potassium pump, located in the plasma membrane, A) actively moves potassium into cells. B) osmotically moves sodium into cells. C) actively transports water out of cells. D) moves chlorine out of cells.

actively moves potassium into cells

Channel proteins A) are made of integral membrane proteins. B) can be gated. C) have specificity. D) all of the above.

all of the above

Concerning the process of diffusion, at equilibrium A) the net movement of solutes stops. B) random molecular motion continues. C) there is an equal movement of solute in opposite directions. D) concentration of solute is equal throughout the solution. E) all of the above.

all of the above

Examples of serous membranes include A) pleura, B) pericardium. C) peritoneum. D) all of the above.

all of the above

Information about human cells can be obtained by studying A) bacteria. B) rat cells. C) monkey cells. D) all of the above.

all of the above

Negative-feedback mechanisms A) make deviations from the set point smaller. B) maintain homeostasis. C) are associated with an increased sense of hunger the longer a person goes without eating. D) all of the above.

all of the above

Which of the following are functions of the proteins found in the plasma membrane? A) channel proteins B) marker molecules C) receptor molecules D) enzymes E) all of the above

all of the above

Which one among the following describes the function of the plasma membrane? A) The plasma membrane separates the cell from its external environment. B) The plasma membrane encloses cellular contents. C) The plasma membrane controls the movement of molecules from one side of the cell to the other. D) All of the above are functions of the plasma membrane.

all of the above are functions of the plasma membrane

Magnetic resonance imaging might be used to A) distinguish between normal and cancerous tissue. B) assess damage sustained by the heart. C) obtain a sectional view of the brain. D) all of the above are uses of magnetic resonance imaging.

all of the above are uses of magnetic resonance imaging

Which of the following statements about anatomy and physiology is true? A) Anatomy and physiology are ancient fields of study. B) Anatomy and physiology both are required to understand the body system. C) Research still expands the concepts of physiology. D) All of the above statements are true.

all of the above statements are true

The production and export of milk proteins and lipids from mammary gland cells involves which of these cell organelles? A) Golgi apparatus B) rough endoplasmic reticulum C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum D) vesicles E) all of these

all of these

The scapula (shoulder blade) is __________ to the lung. A) dorsal B) posterior C) superficial D) all of these

all of these

Which of the following organelles have their structure and function accurately described? A) Vesicles - membranous sacs; contain various substances that recently entered or formed in the cell B) Microfilaments - tiny rods of protein (actin); aid in cellular movements C) Microtubules - hollow tubes of globular protein (tubulin); form internal skeleton of cell D) all of these choices are properly matched

all of these choices are properly matched

The sequence of nucleotides in a messenger RNA molecule is needed to determine the sequence of A) nucleotides in a protein. B) amino acids in a protein. C) nucleotides in the anticodons of rRNA. D) codons in DNA.

amino acids in a protein

A cell that synthesizes large amounts of protein for use outside the cell has a large A) number of cytoplasmic inclusions. B) number of nuclei. C) amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum. D) amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. E) number of lysosomes.

amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Ultrasound, X-rays, CT, and MRI are all examples of A) anatomic imaging. B) surface anatomy. C) regional anatomy. D) gross anatomy. E) cytology.

anatomic imaging

The location and description of bones in the skeletal system will be covered under A) physiology. B) anatomy. C) ground. D) dust.

anatomy

_____________ investigates the body's structure, whereas __________ investigates the processes or functions of living things. A) Physiology, cytology B) Physiology, anatomy C) Anatomy, histology D) Histology, cytology E) Anatomy, physiology

anatomy, physiology

Which of the paired terms below are opposites? A) anterior and cephalic B) posterior and cephalic C) posterior and caudal D) superior and cephalic E) anterior and dorsal

anterior and dorsal

The nose is __________ and __________ to the ears. A) anterior, proximal B) superior, lateral C) inferior, posterior D) anterior, medial E) superficial, medial

anterior, medial

The __________ on a tRNA molecule pairs with three nucleotides on a mRNA molecule. A) anticodon B) codon C) exon D) intron E) gene

anticodon

To understand the structure and function of an organism we also need to understand the structure and properties of A) atoms and molecules. B) the atmosphere. C) tectonic plates. D) Computed Tomography (CT).

atoms and molecules

Integrins in the plasma membrane function as A) channel proteins. B) marker molecules. C) attachment proteins. D) enzymes. E) receptor proteins.

attachment proteins

Cells dispose of worn-out organelles by a process called A) autophagy B) exocytosis C) cytolysis D) apoptosis

autophagy

Which of these statements concerning positive feedback is correct? A) Positive-feedback responses maintain homeostasis. B) Positive-feedback responses occur continuously in healthy individuals. C) Birth is an example of a normally occurring positive-feedback mechanism. D) When the cardiac muscle receives an inadequate supply of blood, positive-feedback mechanisms increase blood flow to the heart. E) Medical therapy seeks to overcome illness by aiding positive-feedback mechanisms.

birth is an example of a normally occurring positive-feedback mechanism

Which of the following carries necessary compounds like nutrients and hormones throughout the body? A) water B) public city transport C) blood D) lymph

blood

The function of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) is to conserve water by decreasing urine output. According to the negative feedback mechanism, ADH will be secreted when the A) body is running low in water. B) body has an excess amount of water. C) pituitary gland is extremely dry. D) kidneys are not functioning properly.

body is running low on water

What characteristic is shared by simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion? A) Both require cellular energy for the transport of substances. B) Both involve the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane. C) Both require a special carrier molecule to move substances across the membrane. D) Both involve the movement of a substance from regions of a higher concentration to lower concentration without cellular energy.

both involve the movement of a substance from regions of higher concentration to lower concentration without cellular energy

Which of the following does NOT belong to the axial part of the body? A) neck B) left upper quadrant C) thoracic region D) brachial region

brachial region

Homeostasis is defined as the A) ability of human beings to maintain a low body weight throughout life. B) maintenance of constant room temperature. C) capability of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal environment. D) digestion of food compounds as soon as they are eaten.

capability of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal environment

The basic living unit of all plants and animals is the A) cell. B) chemical. C) organ. D) organelle. E) tissue.

cell

The structural and functional unit of all living organisms is the A) ribosome B) cell C) organ D) organelle

cell

The series of changes that cells undergo during their life-spans, from formation to division, is known as A) cell division. B) DNA information. C) cell cycle. D) growth phase.

cell cycle

A cell uses centrioles in the process of A) cell division. B) energy generation. C) protein synthesis. D) RNA replication.

cell division

When a cell is observed with a compound light microscope, which of the following structures will be seen? A) carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins B) cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus C) DNA and RNA D) all cytoplasmic organelles

cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

The smallest structures that are considered to be alive are A) organelles. B) cells. C) tissues. D) body systems.

cells

Tissues are formed by a group of ________ that perform similar functions. A) cells B) tissues C) organs D) atoms

cells

The microtubule organizing center of a cell is the A) nucleus. B) rER. C) centrosome. D) nucleolus.

centrosome

The second most abundant type of lipid in the plasma membrane is A) glycolipid B) saturated fat C) cholesterol D) phospholipid

cholesterol

DNA condenses to form structures called _________ in the nucleus. A) RNAs B) cytosols C) genes D) chromosomes

chromosomes

DNA wrapped within proteins forms structures called A) chromosomes. B) actin. C) DNA molecules. D) nucleoli.

chromosomes

The interior spaces of an endoplasmic reticulum are A) part of the cytosol. B) filled with ribosomes. C) filled with hydrolases. D) cisternae.

cisternae

A portion of an mRNA molecule that determines one amino acid in a polypeptide chain is called a A) nucleotide. B) gene. C) codon. D) exon. E) intron.

codon

Mesenteries A) are found in the pleural, pericardial, and abdominopelvic cavities. B) consist of two layers of peritoneum fused together. C) anchor organs such as the kidneys and urinary bladder to the body wall. D) are found primarily in body cavities that open to the outside. E) all of the above.

consist of two layers of peritoneum fused together

A view of the heart showing the interior of all four chambers would be a ______ section. A) transverse B) coronal C) cross D) parasagittal

coronal

Which of these processes involves a sodium-potassium exchange pump, one carrier protein and two different transported molecules? A) active transport B) cotransport C) diffusion D) endocytosis E) facilitated diffusion

cotransport

The process by which cytoplasm divides during cell division is known as A) cytokinesis. B) karyokinesis. C) synthesization. D) phagocytosis.

cytokinesis

During cell division, the cytoplasm divides by ________ and the nucleus divides by _________. A) mitosis; mitosis B) mitosis; cytokinesis C) cytokinesis; mitosis D) mitosis; translation E) translation; cytokinesis

cytokinesis; mitosis

Intermediate filaments are found in the A) nucleus. B) rER. C) cytosol. D) extracellular space.

cytosol

Organelles outside of the nucleus of cell are surrounded by a fluid called the A) cisternae. B) intracellular support. C) cytosol. D) cytoplasm.

cytosol

Physiology A) deals with the processes or functions of living things. B) is the scientific discipline that investigates the body's structures. C) is concerned with organisms and does not deal with different levels of organization, such as cells and systems. D) recognizes the static (as opposed to the dynamic) nature of living things. E) can be used to study the human body without considering anatomy.

deals with the processes or functions of living things

Development is a process that begins with fertilization and ends with A) birth. B) adolescence. C) adulthood. D) old age. E) death.

death

Which one among the following statements about organelles is true? A) They are extracellular structures. B) They are part of the cell membrane. C) Depending on the particular cell function, organelles vary in number and type. D) They generally lack membranes.

depending on the particular cell function, organelles vary in number and type

A cell with abundant peroxisomes would most likely be involved in A) secretion. B) storage of glycogen. C) detoxification activities. D) cellular communication.

detoxification activities

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the A) sternum. B) diaphragm. C) mediastinum. D) mesentery.

diaphragm

Which of these structures is NOT found in the mediastinum? A) diaphragm B) esophagus C) heart D) thymus gland E) trachea

diaphragm

Which of these transport processes does NOT require ATP? A) active transport B) endocytosis C) exocytosis D) diffusion E) secondary active transport

diffusion

The ankle is _______ to the knee. A) deep B) peripheral C) superior D) distal

distal

Which of the following sets of directional terms are most appropriately referred to as opposite? A) distal and proximal B) medial and inferior C) superior and ventral D) anterior and deep

distal and proximal

During the process of DNA replication, A) one new DNA strand is formed. B) the production of new nucleotide strands is catalyzed by DNA ligase. C) short segments are spliced together by DNA polymerase. D) each new DNA molecule has one strand of nucleotides from the original DNA and one newly synthesized strand. E) all of these

each new DNA molecule has one strand of nucleotides from the original DNA and one newly synthesized strand

The structure of the nucleus can be described as A) enclosed in a mitochondrial membrane. B) enclosed in a nuclear envelope. C) composed of cytoplasm. D) composed of cytoplasmic organelles.

enclosed in a nuclear envelope

Which organ system consists of hormone-secreting glands, such as the pituitary and thyroid glands? A) endocrine B) integumentary C) lymphatic D) respiratory E) urinary

endocrine

The upper midportion of the abdomen is called the ______ region. A) hypochondriac B) iliac C) hypogastric D) epigastric

epigastric

All of the following are retroperitoneal EXCEPT the A) esophagus. B) pancreas. C) kidneys. D) adrenal glands.

esophagus

Microtubules are A) composed of actin filaments. B) essential components of cilia, flagella, centrioles, and spindle fibers. C) responsible for changes in cell shape. D) smaller in diameter than other cytoskeleton components. E) all of these

essential components of cilia, flagella, centrioles, and spindle fibers

Formation of a secretory vesicle, fusion of the secretory vesicle with the cell membrane, and release of the contents of the secretory vesicles outside the cell describes A) diffusion. B) facilitated diffusion. C) active transport. D) phagocytosis. E) exocytosis.

exocytosis

Many gland cells release their secretions by means of _______, a process somewhat like reverse endocytosis. A) exocytosis B) phagocytosis C) receptor-mediated endocytosis D) fluid-phase pinocytosis

exocytosis

Given these characteristics of a transport process: 1 moves with the concentration gradient 2 does not require energy 3 requires carrier molecules Which of these processes is described? A) diffusion B) facilitated diffusion C) active transport D) exocytosis E) phagocytosis

facilitated diffusion

The passive movement of an ion or molecule across a plasma membrane with the aid of a carrier protein is A) osmosis. B) filtration. C) facilitated diffusion. D) active transport.

facilitated diffusion

__________ directly depends on a concentration gradient across the plasma membrane. A) Exocytosis B) Endocytosis C) Filtration D) Facilitated diffusion

facilitated diffusion

As one of the characteristic of Life, development includes A) fertilization and reproduction. B) differentiation and morphogenesis. C) fertilization and differentiation. D) morphogenesis and metabolism.

fertilization and differentiation

Most of the terms used in anatomy and physiology originated from which of the following languages? A) Greek and French B) French and English C) Greek and Latin D) Latin and Spanish

greek and latin

To maintain life all living organisms depend on A) oxygen. B) food. C) blood. D) hydrogen.

food

The part of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist is called the A) arm. B) forearm. C) hand. D) inferior arm. E) lower arm.

forearm

The phospholipids of the plasma membrane A) form a rigid structure. B) form a bilayer structure. C) have water insoluble tails that face the extracellular fluid. D) have water insoluble heads that face the interior of the membrane.

form a bilayer structure

The lungs are A) part of the mediastinum. B) surrounded by the pericardial cavity. C) found within the thoracic cavity. D) separated from each other by the diaphragm. E) surrounded by mucous membranes.

found within the thoracic cavity

Proteins used inside the cell (in the cytosol) are usually synthesized on A) mitochondria B) the nuclear membrane. C) smooth ER D) rER. E) free ribosomes.

free ribosomes

In question 9 above, if the containers for solution A (greater osmotic pressure) and solution B are connected, with a selectively permeable membrane between them, water moves A) from solution A to solution B. B) from solution B to solution A. C) equally in both directions.

from solution B to solution A

A plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts is a A) frontal (coronal) plane. B) sagittal plane. C) transverse plane.

frontal (coronal) plane

Organelles are distinguished from cytoplasmic inclusions in that organelles are _______, whereas inclusions are _______. A) functional structures; aggregates of chemicals B) small organs; vital sites where important functions occur C) nonfunctional structures; functional structures D) masses of chemicals non essential to life; masses of chemicals vital to life

functional structures; aggregates of chemicals

Physiology deals with the A) structure of the human body. B) functions of the human body. C) human body and its relation with the environment. D) biochemistry of the bacterial population infecting the human body.

functions of the human body

A sequence of nucleotides in DNA that provides a chemical set of instructions for making a functional protein is called a A) codon. B) anticodon. C) peptide bond. D) mRNA. E) gene.

gene

If you compare a cell with a manufacturing plant that exports goods, the cell's _______ could be compared to the manufacturing plant's shipping department. A) nucleus B) lysosome C) Golgi apparatus D) endoplasmic reticulum

golgi apparatus

Visual inspection of the liver and stomach during surgery is an example of A) microscopic anatomy (histology). B) comparative anatomy. C) gross anatomy. D) ultrastructure.

gross anatomy

The study of the microscopic structure of the tissues and organs is called A) cytology. B) astrology. C) gross anatomy. D) histology.

histology

The study of tissues is called A) cytology. B) anatomy. C) histology. D) anatomic imaging. E) physiology.

histology

Which of the following is NOT the name of an organ system? A) hormonal B) lymphatic C) circulatory D) muscular

hormonal

A 10% salt solution is __________ to distilled water. A) isosmotic B) hyperosmotic C) hyposmotic

hyperosmotic

You place blood cells in an unknown solution and observe them with a microscope; you notice that most of the cells have crenated. Therefore, you conclude that the unknown solution is __________ to the cells. A) isosmotic B) hyperosmotic C) isotonic D) hypertonic E) hypotonic

hypertonic

0.9% NaCl solution (saline) is isotonic to a cell, while seawater is A) hypertonic to the cell B) isotonic to the cell C) hypotonic to the cell D) All of the above.

hypertonic to the cell

The urinary bladder is in the ________ region. A) inguinal B) epigastric C) umbilical D) hypogastric

hypogastric

If a cell is placed in a _____________ solution, lysis of the cell may occur. A) hypertonic B) hypotonic C) isotonic D) isosmotic

hypotonic

Which of these statements about facilitated diffusion is true? A) In facilitated diffusion, net movement is down the concentration gradient. B) Facilitated diffusion requires the expenditure of energy. C) Facilitated diffusion does not require a carrier protein. D) Facilitated diffusion moves materials through membrane channels. E) Facilitated diffusion moves materials in vesicles.

in facilitated diffusion, net movement is down the concentration gradient

Which of these processes illustrates positive-feedback? A) increase in respiratory rate during exercise B) increase in heart rate when blood pressure decreases C) shivering when body temperature decreases D) increase in uterine contractions when uterine stretching increases during childbirth E) all of these

increase in uterine contractions when uterine stretching increases during childbirth

Which of these conditions decreases the rate of diffusion? A) increased concentration gradient B) increased viscosity of the solvent C) increased temperature D) decreased size of solute particles E) all of these

increased viscosity of the solvent

Pancreatitis describes A) inflammation of the pancreas. B) removal of the pancreas. C) cancer of the pancreas. D) secretions from the pancreas. E) death of the pancreas.

inflammation of the pancreas

The groin is also known as the ______ region. A) crural B) inguinal C) perineum D) popliteal

inguinal

Which organ system consists of skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands? A) endocrine B) integumentary C) lymphatic D) respiratory E) urinary

integumentary

Which of the following activities is not necessary to maintain life? A) intellectual capability B) production of energy C) intake of food compounds D) growth

intellectual capacity

Regions of DNA that do not code for portions of a protein are called A) anticodons. B) codons. C) exons. D) introns. E) genes.

introns

The process of pinocytosis, A) is a form of exocytosis. B) involves endocytosis of liquids rather than particles. C) does not require ATP. D) forms vesicles only when large amounts of material are being transported.

involves endocytosis of liquids rather than particles

Which of the following organs is retroperitoneal in location? A) stomach B) liver C) heart D) kidney

kidney

A term that means "away from the midline" is: A) distal B) lateral C) medial D) proximal E) superior

lateral

The anatomical term that means "away from the midline of the body" is A) medial. B) proximal. C) distal. D) lateral.

lateral

The _______ contains a portion of the inguinal region. A) left lower quadrant B) left upper quadrant C) hypochondriac region D) epigastric region

left lower quadrant

The spleen is in the _______ of the abdomen. A) left upper quadrant B) right upper quadrant C) right lateral abdominal region D) epigastric region

left upper quadrant

Cilia and flagella are distinguished from each other on the basis of A) width and numbers B) length and numbers C) depth and numbers D) length and width

length and numbers

To understand the structure of complex body systems we start from the structure of the atom and progress to the structure of the organ systems. This concept is called A) levels of deterioration. B) structural diversity. C) the hierarchy of species. D) levels of organization.

levels of organization

A parietal membrane _______, whereas a visceral membrane _______. A) covers organs; lines cavities B) lines cavities; covers organs C) is thick; is thin D) secretes mucus; secretes a serous fluid

lines cavities; covers organs

The lungs are separated by the A) mediastinum. B) mesenteries. C) diaphragm. D) peritoneal membranes. E) pelvic cavity.

mediastinum

In general, lipid-soluble molecules diffuse through the _____________; small, water-soluble molecules diffuse through the _____________. A) membrane channels, membrane channels B) membrane channels, lipid bilayer C) lipid bilayer, carrier molecules D) lipid bilayer, membrane channels E) carrier proteins, membrane channels

lipid bilayer, membrane channels

Which of the following statements concerning transport across the plasma membrane is true? A) Polar molecules are transported only from the outside to the inside of the cell. B) Lipid-soluble substances diffuse through the membrane by dissolving in the phospholipid bilayer. C) Water cannot move through the plasma membrane. D) Generally, cations pass through the membrane more easily than anions.

lipid-soluble substances diffuse through the membrane by dissolving in the phospholipid bilayer

Although the basic structure of the plasma membrane is determined mainly by its __________ , many functions of the plasma membrane are determined by its __________ . A) carbohydrates, lipids B) carbohydrates, proteins C) lipids, proteins D) nucleic acids, lipids E) proteins, lipids

lipids, proteins

Which organ system removes substances from the blood, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs fat from the digestive tract? A) endocrine B) integumentary C) lymphatic D) respiratory E) urinary

lymphatic

The organelles responsible for the breakdown of endocytosed bacteria or other cellular debris are the A) Golgi apparatuses. B) lysosomes. C) mitochondria. D) rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. E) peroxisomes and Golgi apparatus.

lysosomes

Which of these organelles function as intracellular digestive systems and contain enzymes? A) lysosomes B) rough endoplasmic reticulum C) Golgi apparatus D) nucleus E) secretory vesicles

lysosomes

Which molecules in the cell membrane are mostly glycoproteins or glycolipids? A) carrier molecules B) channel proteins C) marker molecules D) receptor molecules E) enzymes

marker molecules

Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched with its function? A) channel proteins - place for new protein synthesis B) marker molecules - steroids C) receptor proteins - bind to chemical signals D) peripheral proteins - penetrate the lipid bilayer

marker molecules - steroids

To maintain homeostasis, the normal range of values for a variable A) is always below the set point. B) may change in different situations. C) may not deviate from the set point. D) occurs because of positive-feedback.

may change in different situations

Failure of negative-feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis A) may produce disease. B) occurs when blood pressure increases during exercise. C) can be corrected by stimulating positive-feedback mechanisms. D) cannot be corrected by medical therapy. E) all of these

may produce disease

Which of these elements of the cytoskeleton is composed of tubulin and forms essential components of centrioles, spindle fibers, cilia, and flagella? A) actin filaments B) intermediate filaments C) microtubules

microtubules

Cells of the small intestine and kidney tubule have a "brush border" composed of _______, which are cellular extensions that increase surface area. A) cilia B) hairs C) rugae D) microvilli

microvilli

Cylindrically shaped extensions of the plasma membrane that do not move, and are supported with actin filaments; they may function in absorption or as sensory receptors. This describes A) centrioles. B) spindle fibers. C) cilia. D) flagella. E) microvilli.

microvilli

The only plane that can divide the body into equal halves is the A) frontal (coronal) plane. B) oblique plane. C) midsagittal plane. D) transverse plane. E) Serengeti plane.

midsagittal

As a result of exercise, there is an increase in the number of __________ in muscle cells. A) nuclei B) mitochondria C) lysosomes D) Golgi apparatus E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondria

Muscle cells contain numerous _______ because of their high demand for ATP. A) ribosomes B) lysosomes C) mitochondria D) microtubules

mitochondria

Which of these organelles contains DNA? A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosomes C) mitochondria D) rough endoplasmic reticulum E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondria

Which of these organelles produces large amounts of ATP? A) nucleus B) mitochondria C) ribosomes D) endoplasmic reticulum E) lysosomes

mitochondria

The process that divides the nucleus during cell division is known as A) cytokinesis. B) phagocytosis. C) synthesization. D) mitosis.

mitosis

Solution A has a greater osmotic pressure that solution B. Therefore, solution A contains __________ solutes and __________ water than solution B. A) fewer, less B) fewer, more C) more, less D) more, more

more, less

The concept of anatomical position stipulates all of the following EXCEPT the A) forearms are supine. B) feet are slightly apart. C) arms are held down to the sides. D) mouth is closed.

mouth is closed

The anus is in the ____ region. A) perineal B) gluteal C) pubic D) inguinal

perineal

Which of the following organs is located in the abdominopelvic cavity? A) heart. B) trachea. C) thymus gland. D) None of the above.

none of the above

Which of the following correctly matches a nuclear structure with its function? A) chromosomes - contains RNA and histones B) nuclear envelope - contains the nucleolar organizer C) nuclear pores - allow molecules to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm D) chromatin - fluid portion of the nucleus

nuclear pores - allow molecules to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm

A large structure, normally visible in the nucleus of a cell, where ribosomal subunits are produced is the A) endoplasmic reticulum. B) mitochondria. C) nucleolus. D) lysosome.

nucleolus

Subunits of ribosomes are manufactured in the A) cytoskeleton. B) endoplasmic reticulum. C) Golgi apparatus. D) lysosomes. E) nucleolus.

nucleolus

The building blocks of DNA and RNA that are found in the nucleus of the cell are known as A) monosaccharides. B) nucleotides. C) amino acids. D) triglycerides.

nucleotides

During mitosis, major changes occur within the A) cytoplasm. B) nucleus. C) cell membrane. D) outside the cell.

nucleus

In which of these organelles is chromatin found? A) lysosomes B) rough endoplasmic reticulum C) Golgi apparatus D) secretory vesicles E) nucleus

nucleus

In which of these organelles is mRNA synthesized? A) nucleus B) ribosome C) endoplasmic reticulum D) nuclear envelope E) peroxisome

nucleus

The DNA of a cell is mostly found in the A) nucleus. B) ribosome. C) mitochondria. D) plasma membrane.

nucleus

Transcription takes place in the __________ of the cell. A) cytosol B) Golgi apparatus C) mitochondria D) nucleus E) ribosomes

nucleus

Which of these organelles is surrounded by a double membrane layer that contains many pores? A) nucleus B) rough endoplasmic reticulum C) Golgi apparatus D) lysosomes E) both A and D

nucleus

In simple diffusion, the rate at which a solute passes through a membrane depends on all of the following EXCEPT the A) surface area of the membrane B) number of carriers in the membrane C) temperature of the solution D) concentration difference from one side of the membrane to the other

number of carriers in the membrane

A cut across the long axis of an organ made at other than a right angle is called a(n) A) cross section. B) transverse section. C) oblique section. D) longitudinal section.

oblique section

DNA replication results in two new DNA molecules. Each of these new molecules has A) two newly synthesized strands of nucleotides. B) one strand of nucleotides from the parent DNA and one newly synthesized strand of nucleotides. C) two strands of nucleotides from the parent, one DNA and one RNA. D) two strands of nucleotides from the parent RNA.

one strand of nucleotides from the parent DNA and one newly synthesized strand of nucleotides

The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. This means that A) only gasses and water can pass through it. B) only ions and water can enter the cell. C) only certain substances can pass into or out of the cell. D) all substances need carrier molecules to pass through it.

only certain substances can pass into or out of the cell

Transport protein specificity means that the protein A) only transports certain ions or molecules. B) requires ATP. C) has more that one molecule it can transport. D) binds hormones.

only transports certain ions or molecules

The heart is an example of a(n) A) cell. B) organ. C) organelle. D) organ segment.

organ

Cells contain structures called _________, which can perform specific activities like energy production, and digestion. A) atoms B) molecules C) organelles D) macromolecules

organelles

Which of the following lists is in the order of increasing levels of complexity? A) organelles - tissues - cells - organ systems - organs B) cells - macromolecules - tissues - body - organs C) organelles - cells - tissues - organs - organ systems D) tissues - cells - organs - organelles - organ systems

organelles - cells - tissues - organs - organ systems

The greater the concentration of a solute in a solution, the greater the A) tendency for water to diffuse from the solution B) osmotic pressure of the solution C) number of carrier molecules present D) rate of the active transport

osmotic pressure of the solution

Cytoplasm is found A) in the nucleus. B) outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane. C) outside the plasma membrane. D) inside mitochondria. E) everywhere in the cell.

outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane

Which of these substances diffuse directly through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane? A) glucose and amino acids B) Na+ and Cl- C) oxygen and carbon dioxide D) whole cells

oxygen and carbon dioxide

The function of the Golgi apparatus is A) packaging and distribution of proteins and lipids. B) production of microtubules. C) excretion of excess salt. D) DNA replication.

packaging and distribution of proteins and lipids

Which of these descriptions does NOT apply correctly to a person in the anatomic position? A) standing erect B) head facing forward C) feet facing forward D) arms hanging to the sides E) palms facing toward the thighs

palms facing toward the thighs

A ______ plane passes through the breast, hip, and knee on only one side of the body. A) coronal B) transverse C) midsagittal D) parasagittal

parasagittal

Which of these membrane combinations are found on the surface of the diaphragm? A) parietal pleura-parietal peritoneum B) parietal pleura-visceral peritoneum C) visceral pleura-parietal peritoneum D) visceral pleura-visceral peritoneum

parietal pleura-parietal peritonium

The breast is in the ______ region. A) sternal B) acromial C) pectoral D) cervical

pectoral

Which of the following is most inferior in location? A) pelvic cavity B) mediastinum C) diaphragm D) pleural cavity

pelvic cavity

A white blood cell ingests solid particles by forming vesicles. This describes the process of A) exocytosis. B) facilitated diffusion. C) secondary active transport. D) phagocytosis. E) pinocytosis.

phagocytosis

All of the following processes can move substances out of a cell EXCEPT A) exocytosis B) simple diffusion C) active transport D) phagocytosis

phagocytosis

Given these observations concerning a transport process into a cell: 1 ATP is required 2 does not exhibit saturation 3 solid particles are transported The transport process involved is A) active transport. B) facilitated diffusion. C) secondary active transport. D) phagocytosis. E) pinocytosis.

phagocytosis

White blood cells engulf foreign particles by means of A) macrocytosis B) pinocytosis C) exocytosis D) phagocytosis

phagocytosis

In the fluid mosaic model, the double layer (bilayer) of molecules found in the cell membrane is made up of A) cholesterol. B) phospholipids. C) carbohydrates. D) nucleic acids. E) proteins.

phospholipids

The largest percentage of molecules that make up the cell membrane are A) carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins. B) carbohydrates, water, and nucleic acids. C) phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins. D) nucleic acids, amino acids, and fatty acids. E) water, carbohydrates and cholesterol.

phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins

In the plasma membrane, _____________ form(s) the lipid bilayer, _____________ determine(s) the fluid nature of the membrane, and _____________ mainly determine(s) the function of the membrane. A) phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins B) phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol C) proteins, cholesterol, phospholipids D) cholesterol, phospholipids, proteins E) cholesterol, proteins, phospholipids

phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins

An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how changes in pH affect the function of enzymes on digestion is most likely to be a(n) A) neurologist. B) anatomist. C) physiologist. D) engineer.

physiologist

Biochemical and molecular explanations provide a better understanding of A) body parts. B) anatomical details of bones. C) physiology of organs. D) ecological niches.

physiology of organs

The acromial region is the A) neck. B) armpit. C) point of the shoulder. D) hip.

point of the shoulder

A blood clot stimulating formation of more blood clotting is an example of A) negative feedback. B) negative and positive feedback. C) positive feedback. D) spoon feeding.

positive feedback

Part of a proprotein is cleaved off to make a functional protein. This describes A) posttranscriptional processing. B) posttranslational processing. C) transcription. D) translation. E) mitosis.

posttranslational processing

New mitochondria are formed from A) transcription. B) translation. C) preexisting mitochondria. D) the Golgi apparatus.

preexisting mitochondria

Serous membranes A) line body cavities that open to the outside. B) produce a lubricating film of fluid. C) are found only on the walls of the thoracic cavity. D) separate the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity. E) completely cover retroperitoneal organs.

produce a lubricating film of fluid

Nucleoli A) are located in the cytoplasm. B) produce ribosomal subunits. C) have a distinct membrane. D) are important for the formation of the Golgi apparatus.

produce ribosomal subunits

The muscular system A) regulates other organ systems B) removes waste products from the blood; maintains water balance C) regulates temperature; prevents water loss; provides protection D) removes foreign substances from the blood; combats disease; maintains tissue fluid balance E) produces movement; maintains posture; produces body heat

produces movement; maintains posture; produces body heat

What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed? A) exocytosis B) active transport C) ciliary beating D) protein synthesis

protein synthesis

Which function is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum? A) ATP synthesis B) protein synthesis C) DNA synthesis D) active transport

protein synthesis

The kinetochore of sister chromatids is a _______ structure that is a point of attachment for _____________. A) lipid; actin filaments B) protein; microtubules C) nucleic acid; ribosomes D) lipid; ribosomes E) protein; actin filaments

protein; microtubules

The fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane means that A) cholesterols are always bad. B) proteins and lipids move laterally in the membrane. C) phospholipids form a single lipid layer in the center of the membrane. D) the membrane is rigid.

proteins and lipids move laterally in the membrane

Cadherins are A) extensions of the phospholipids. B) modified structures that function as sensory receptors. C) proteins that anchor cells together. D) external projections of microtubules.

proteins that anchor cells together

A term that means nearer the attached end of a limb is A) distal. B) lateral. C) medial. D) proximal. E) superficial.

proximal

The elbow is __________ to the wrist. A) distal B) inferior C) lateral D) medial E) proximal

proximal

The shoulder is ________ to the elbow. A) proximal B) dorsal C) distal D) ventral

proximal

Proteins of the plasma membrane serve all of the following functions, except A) pumps water out of the cell B) catalyzes reactions outside of the cell C) transports ions from the outside to the inside of the cell D) binds neurotransmitters

pumps water out of the cell

Magnetic resonance imaging makes use of A) X-rays. B) radio waves. C) radioisotopes. D) high-frequency sound waves.

radio waves

Communication between cells occurs when chemical messengers from one cell bind to _______ on another cell. A) channel proteins B) marker molecules C) receptor proteins D) second messengers

receptor proteins

What change/s occur when red blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution? A) red blood cells gain water B) red blood cells lose water and shrink C) red blood cells neither gain nor lose water D) concentration of sodium increases within the cells

red blood cells lose water and shrink

The endocrine system A) regulates other organ systems. B) removes waste products from the blood; maintains water balance. C) regulates temperature; prevents water loss; provides protection. D) removes foreign substances from the blood; combats disease; maintains tissue fluid balance. E) produces movement; maintains posture; produces body heat.

regulates other organ systems

The nervous system A) regulates other organ systems B) removes waste products from the blood; maintains water balance C) regulates temperature; prevents water loss; provides protection D) removes foreign substances from the blood; combats disease; maintains tissue fluid balance E) produces movement; maintains posture; produces body heat

regulates other organ systems

The integumentary system A) regulates other organ systems B) removes waste products from the blood; maintains water balance C) regulates temperature; prevents water loss; provides protection D) removes foreign substances from the blood; combats disease; maintains tissue fluid balance E) produces movement; maintains posture; produces body heat

regulates temperature; prevents water loss; provides protection

The lymphatic system A) regulates other organ systems B) removes waste products from the blood; maintains water balance C) regulates temperature; prevents water loss; provides protection D) removes foreign substances from the blood; combats disease; maintains tissue fluid balance E) produces movement; maintains posture; produces body heat

removes foreign substances from the blood; combats disease; maintains tissue fluid balance

The urinary system A) regulates other organ systems B) removes waste products from the blood; maintains water balance C) regulates temperature; prevents water loss; provides protection D) removes foreign substances from the blood; combats disease; maintains tissue fluid balance E) produces movement; maintains posture; produces body heat

removes waste products from the blood; maintains water balance

To avoid extinction of a species, living organisms need to A) think. B) read. C) reproduce. D) overgrow.

reproduce

The ability of an organism to sense changes that take place within its body is an example of A) responsiveness. B) movement. C) breathing. D) metabolism.

responsiveness

Which of these characteristics of life helps maintain homeostasis when environmental conditions change? A) growth and development B) metabolism C) organization D) reproduction E) responsiveness

responsiveness

In a negative feedback mechanism, the response of the effector A) enhances the activity of the original stimulus. B) has no effect on the activity of the original stimulus. C) is usually harmful for the body. D) reverses the activity of the original stimulus.

reverses the activity of the original stimulus

A patient with appendicitis usually has pain in the _____________ quadrant of the abdomen. A) left-lower B) right-lower C) left-upper D) right-upper

right-lower

Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached to it is called A) smooth ER. B) dendritic ER. C) nodular ER. D) rough ER.

rough ER

A ______ section separates the body into right and left portions. A) frontal B) transverse C) dorsal D) sagittal

sagittal

The three major anatomical planes are A) parasagittal, midsagittal, and frontal. B) sagittal, frontal, and transverse. C) transverse, cross, and sagittal. D) cross, frontal, and coronal.

sagittal, frontal, and transverse

The process of DNA replication is A) semiconservative. B) known as translation. C) semipermeable. D) sequencing of codons in RNA.

semiconservative

A body temperature of 98.6 degrees F (37 degrees C) is the __________ for body temperature. A) constant B) lower limit C) normal range D) set point E) upper limit

set point

The anatomical arm refers to the part of the upper limb from the A) shoulder to the wrist. B) elbow to the wrist. C) shoulder to the elbow. D) elbow to the fingers.

shoulder to the elbow

Suppose that a woman ran a long-distance race in the summer. During the race she lost a large amount of hyposmotic sweat. You would expect her cells to A) shrink. B) swell. C) stay the same.

shrink

The aroma of a cake baking in the kitchen reaches the living room. The distribution of this odor throughout the house is an example of A) simple diffusion. B) dialysis. C) osmosis. D) active transport.

simple diffusion

What organ system is responsible for the production of blood cells? A) circulatory B) skeletal C) digestive D) nervous

skeletal

The organelle that protects cells from the damaging effects of some medications and toxins is the A) ribosome. B) microtubule. C) secretory vesicle. D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following statements about physiology is true? A) Physiology is a stagnant subject. B) Some human body functions are still not clearly understood. C) Physiology could never be related with anatomy. D) Physiology has no relationship with chemistry.

some human body functions are not clearly understood

_______ are a type of cell with flagella. A) Sperm B) Hair C) Cilia D) Neuron

sperm

The dorsal cavity includes which of the following smaller cavities? A) spinal and cranial B) abdominal and pelvic C) abdominopelvic and thoracic D) pelvic and mediastinum

spinal and cranial

Which of these organs is NOT retroperitoneal? A) adrenal glands B) kidneys C) urinary bladder D) spleen E) pancreas

spleen

The anterior medial thoracic region is called the _____ region. A) coxial B) cubital C) pectoral D) sternal

sternal

Which of the following organs is not retroperitoneal? A) adrenal glands B) urinary bladder C) kidneys D) pancreas E) stomach

stomach

Anatomy deals with the A) structure of the human body. B) functions of body parts. C) psychology of humans. D) chemical compounds within the body.

structure of the human body

Which of these directional terms are paired most appropriately as opposites? A) superficial and deep B) medial and proximal C) distal and lateral D) superior and posterior E) anterior and inferior

superficial and deep

The clavicle (collarbone) is _____________ to the nipple of the breast. A) anterior B) distal C) superficial D) superior E) ventral

superior

The cranial cavity is _______ to the thoracic cavity. A) inferior B) anterior C) peripheral D) superior

superior

The thoracic cavity lies where in relationship to the abdominopelvic cavity? A) dorsal (posterior) B) ventral (anterior) C) superior D) inferior

superior

You are doing a handstand. Your head is __________ to your neck. A) superior B) inferior C) superficial D) medial E) proximal

superior

A person lying flat on his back is said to be in the __________ position. A) anatomic B) prone C) supine

supine

Suppose that a man is doing heavy exercise in the hot summer sun. He sweats profusely. He then drinks a large amount of distilled water. After he drank the water, you would expect his tissue cells to A) shrink. B) swell. C) remain the same.

swell

If a carrier protein were to move both hydrogen and chloride ions from the inside of a cell to the extracellular fluid, and consume ATP in the process, it would be considered a(n) A) symporter. B) voltage-gated ion channel. C) facilitated diffusion. D) antiporter.

symporter

Which of the following will increase the rate of diffusion? An increase in the A) viscosity of the solvent B) the distance the molecules have to travel C) molecular weight of the diffusing particles D) temperature

temperature

DNA synthesis occurs during A) the G phase of interphase. B) telophase of mitosis. C) the S phase of interphase. D) anaphase.

the S phase of interphase

The axial portion of the body includes A) the dorsal cavity. B) the ventral cavity. C) the dorsal cavity and the ventral cavity. D) neither the dorsal cavity nor the ventral cavity.

the dorsal cavity and the ventral cavity

Which of these statements about osmosis is true? A) Osmosis always involves a membrane that allows water and all solutes to diffuse through it. B) The greater the solute concentration, the smaller the osmotic pressure of a solution. C) Osmosis moves water from a greater solute concentration to a lesser solute concentration. D) The greater the osmotic pressure of a solution, the greater the tendency for water to move into the solution. E) Osmosis occurs because of hydrostatic pressure outside the cell.

the greater the osmotic pressure of a solution, the greater the tendency for water to move into the solution

Knowledge of the structure of body parts helps in understanding their function. Which of the following is an accurate example of that principle? A) The heart is responsible for high blood pressure. B) The knees can be a cause of trouble when climbing stairs. C) Foldings in the brain do not reflect the complexity of the brain. D) The hand is adapted for grasping.

the hand is adapted for grasping

Which of these statements concerning body regions is correct? A) The pelvis is located between the thorax and abdomen. B) The leg extends from the knee to the ankle. C) The arm extends from the shoulder to the wrist. D) The trunk can be divided into the thorax and pelvis. E) The thorax is often subdivided superficially into four quadrants.

the leg extends from the knee to the ankle

What organelle is most active in digesting endocytosed materials? A) the lysosomes B) the rough endoplasmic reticulum C) the centriole D) the nucleus

the lysosomes

When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is NOT true? A) The face is forward. B) The arms are at the sides. C) The palms are facing backward. D) The body is erect.

the palms are facing backward

The fluid mosaic model is a theory for the structure of A) microtubules B) microfilaments C) the DNA molecule D) the plasma membrane

the plasma membrane

Interphase is A) the same as mitosis. B) a synonym for transcription. C) the time period between cell divisions. D) a breakdown of the nuclear pores.

the time period between cell divisions

To study small organelles and cellular components of cells, _______________ is/are used. A) x-rays B) flashlights C) the transmission electron microscope (TEM) D) the compound light microscope

the transmission electron microscope

Most of the esophagus is in the A) dorsal body cavity. B) thoracic cavity. C) epigastric cavity. D) umbilical region.

thoracic cavity

The cavity surrounded by the rib cage and bounded inferiorly by the diaphragm is the A) mediastinum. B) pericardial cavity. C) thorax. D) abdomen. E) pelvic cavity.

thorax

In the DNA molecule, adenine always pairs with A) cytosine. B) guanine. C) uracil. D) thymine.

thymine

A group of cells with similar structure and function, together with the extracellular substances located between them, form a(n) A) organism. B) organelle. C) tissue. D) organ. E) organ system.

tissue

The term "dorsal" means A) further from the point of attachment to the body. B) to lie with the anterior surface down. C) toward the back of the body. D) away from the midline.

toward the back of the body

One process that occurs in a nucleus of a cell is A) digestion of lipids. B) production of ATP. C) translation. D) transcription.

transcription

The transfer of information from DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA) is known as A) transduction. B) translocation. C) translation. D) transcription.

transcription

A(n) __________ plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions. A) frontal (coronal) B) oblique C) sagittal D) transverse

transverse

Amputation of a foot at the ankle would involve a cut in the ___________ plane. A) coronal B) midsagittal C) transverse D) frontal

transverse

During the process of translation, __________ tRNA molecule(s) occupy(ies) the tRNA binding site(s) on a ribosome. A) one B) two C) three D) six E) hundreds of

two

What happens during the process of cell division? A) Two daughter cells with reduced numbers of chromosomes are formed. B) Cytoplasm with identical RNA molecules are produced. C) Two daughter cells with same number of chromosomes and all other cellular components are produced. D) None of the above is true.

two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes and all other cellular components are produced

In which quadrant of the abdomen would stomach pain most likely be felt? A) lower left B) lower right C) upper left D) upper right

upper left

Which one among the following bases is present in RNA but NOT in DNA? A) adenine B) guanine C) cytosine D) uracil

uracil

Which of the following is NOT an example of a homeostatic mechanism? A) Shivering when the body temperature falls below normal levels B) Using blankets to cover up when the body feels cold C) Secreting insulin to decrease blood sugar concentration after a meal or whenever the blood sugar level is high D) Increasing heart rate and contraction force when blood pressure is low

using blankets to cover up when the body feels cold

Small pieces of matter, and even whole cells, can be transported across the plasma membrane in A) membrane channels. B) carrier molecules. C) receptor molecules. D) marker molecules. E) vesicles.

vesicles

The membrane on the surface of a lung is called the A) visceral pleura. B) parietal pleura. C) visceral pericardium. D) parietal pericardium.

visceral pleura

The serous membrane on the surface of the lungs is called A) parietal pericardium. B) visceral pericardium. C) parietal pleura. D) visceral pleura. E) parietal peritoneum.

visceral pleura

The rate of diffusion increases if the A) concentration gradient decreases. B) temperature of a solution decreases. C) viscosity of a solution decreases. D) all of the above.

viscosity of a solution decreases

When a sperm cell comes into contact with an egg cell, there is a change in the electrical charge across the plasma membrane and various channel proteins close. These channels would be called A) open-gated channels. B) chemical-gated channels. C) voltage-gated channels. D) ligand-gated channels.

voltage-gated channels

Osmosis is the diffusion of _______ across a selectively permeable membrane. A) urea B) oxygen C) water D) sodium

water

Aquaporins are A) water channels. B) carrier proteins. C) active transport. D) bulk transport.

water channels