A & P II Lecture: Endocrine

A coronal section creates a superior and an inferior section. True False

False

Cells within the body work independently of one another and rarely have direct effects on other cells True False

False

Digestion includes breaking substances into their simpler building blocks, synthesizing more complex cellular structures from simpler substances, and using nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP True False

False

Embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from conception through old age True False

False

The knee is proximal to the thigh. True False

False

The part of the serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum. True False

False

A major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction. True False

True

A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function True False

True

Positive feedback mechanisms tend to enhance the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated. True False

True

The epigastric region is superior to the umbilical region. True False

True

Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance True False

True

The thoracic cavity contains the ________. It is found ________ to the vertebral cavity a) heart and lungs: anterior b) digestive viscera: inferior c) kidneys and spleen: deep d) stomach and liver: superficial

a) heart and lungs: anterior

In a homeostatic control mechanism, which component monitors the environment? a) receptor b) control center c) stimulus d) effector

a) receptor

Some of the nerve endings in the skin are sensitive to changes in temperature. They are part of a negative feedback mechanism regulating body temperature. These nerve endings represent a(n) ________ in the negative feedback mechanism. a) receptor b) control center c) effector d) homeostatic balance or "ideal" value

a) receptor

Which of the following cuts could cross the umbilical, pelvic, and nasal regions? a) sagittal section b) coronal section c) oblique section d) transverse section

a) sagittal section

Pericarditis is a disorder in which pain is experienced in the_________. a) thoracic cavity b) abdominal cavity c) pelvic d) abdominopelvic cavity

a) thoracic cavity

Type I diabetes is caused when an individual does not produce insulin. Which of the following statements regarding insulin is TRUE? a) Insulin is the receptor that triggers a positive feedback mechanism, which controls blood-sugar levels b) Insulin controls blood sugar c) Without insulin, the body is never able to detect changes in blood sugar d) Insulin blocks a negative feedback mechanism involving blood-sugar levels

b) Insulin controls blood sugar

You are asked to draw blood from the median cubital vein. You will search for this vein in the ________. a) lateral side of the foot b) anterior side of the elbow c) proximal arm d) hand

b) anterior side of the elbow

The coxal joint is most likely found in ________ region of the body a) groin b) hip c) hand d) foot

b) hip

You are asked to take a person's heart rate at the popliteal pulse point. You will look for this pulse ________. a) in the distal end of the lower leg b) on the posterior side of the knee c) on the palmar side of the hand d) at the posterior side of the wrist

b) on the posterior side of the knee

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) _________ a) organ system b) organ c) complex cell d) complex tissue

b) organ

Which level of structural organization is considered to be the highest level? a) organ b) organismal c) cellular d) chemical

b) organismal

The dorsal body cavity is divided into which of the following subdivisions? a) the vertebral/spinal and thoracic cavities b) the vertebral/spinal and cranial cavities c) the vertebral/spinal, cranial, and pleural cavities d) the thoracic, pleural and abdominopelvic cavities

b) the vertebral/spinal and cranial cavities

Histology would be best defined as a study of ________ a) cell chemistry b) tissues c) cells d) the gross structures of the body

b) tissues

Which of the following best defines anatomy? a) It is the study of how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities b) It is the study of all chemical reactions that occur within body cells c) It is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships with one another d) It is the study of tissues

c) It is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships with one another

The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following? a) lungs b) liver c) brain d) intestines

c) brain

Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched a) embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth b) gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye c) cytology: study of the structures in a particular region d) microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye

c) cytology: study of the structures in a particular region

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance? a) negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally b) positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed c) it is considered the cause of most diseases d) the internal environment is becoming more stable

c) it is considered the cause of most diseases

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because ________. a) positive feedback is generally beneficial while negative feedback is typically harmful b) positive feedback provides moment-to-moment wellbeing while negative feedback causes a cascade effect c) positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level d) positive feedback is critical to health while negative feedback serves only to alert us to potential health threats

c) positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level

With regards to a variation of a physiological value from its set point or normal limit, negative feedback always __________ the value back to the set point or normal limit a) increases b) decreases c) returns d) there is not enough information to answer this question

c) returns

Which directional term is used to describe the relationship of the skin to the skeletal muscles? a) medial b) deep c) superficial d) lateral

c) superficial

Which of the following organs is least likely to be damaged in an automobile accident? a) stomach b) intestines c) urinary bladder d) liver

c) urinary bladder

Which of these is not part of the ventral cavity? a) thoracic cavity b) abdominopelvic cavity c) vertebral cavity d) abdominal cavity

c) vertebral cavity

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________. a) a dynamic state within an unlimited range, depending on circumstances b) a static state with no deviation from preset points c) the lowest possibly energy usage d) a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

d) a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

It is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology because _______ a) to understand anatomy requires complete understating of physiology b) anatomy and physiology are practically the same thing c) it makes for more efficient use of students' and teachers' time d) physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy

d) physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy

Which of the following occurs in situations where more than one hormone produces the same effects at the target cell and their combined effects are amplified? a) permissiveness b) antagonism c) summation d) synergism

d) synergism

Which of the following statements is correct? a) the sternum is dorsal to the spine b) the heart is posterior to the spine c) the sternum is posterior to the spine d) the heart is dorsal to the sternum

d) the heart is dorsal to the sternum

Select the most correct statement a) organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life b) the endocrine system is not a true structural organ system c) organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both d) the immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system

d) the immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system

Which of the following hormones stimulates an increase in basal metabolic rate as a tropic hormone? a) prolactin b) adrenocorticotropic hormone c) follicle-stimulating hormone d) thyroid-stimulating hormone

d) thyroid-stimulating hormone

What is the role of the serous membranes covering some organs? a) to serve as extra tissue for blood flow to the organ b) to provide a protective outer covering for the organ c) to provide passage of nutrients for the organ tissues d) to prevent friction between the organ and body cavity wall

d) to prevent friction between the organ and body cavity wall

Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes. a) serosa are very thin, double-layered structures b) serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid c) serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a virtual space between the two d) visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart

visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart