A and P quiz 1

Which functions are controlled through the autonomic nervous system? 1. blood pressure 2. heart rate 3. water balance 4. temperature regulation * 1 and 2 1 and 3 1, 2, 3 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 3, 4

1, 2, 3, 4

Match the structures with the accurate description. A) t-tubules B) fascicle C) myofibril D) muscle fiber E) sarcolemma 1. inward extensions of the muscle cell membrane. 2. highly-organized bundles of contractile proteins within a skeletal muscle cell. 3. a single muscle cell. 4. the muscle cell membrane 5. a bundle of adjacent muscle cells. * 1.A/2.B/3.C/4.D/5.E 1.B/2.A/3.D/4.C/5.E 1.A/2.C/3.D/4.E/5.B 1.C/2.B/3.A/4.E/5.D 1.D/2.B/3.A/4.C/5.E

1.A/2.C/3.D/4.E/5.B

Put these events in the correct chronological sequence: 1. End-plate potentials trigger action potentials. 2. Transverse tubules bring potentials into the interior of the cell. 3. Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the motor end plate. 4. Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. * 1, 2, 3, 4 3, 1, 2, 4 2, 1, 4, 3 3, 1, 4, 2 4, 3, 2, 1

3, 1, 2, 4

Cholinergic receptors respond to the neurotransmitter ________.

Acetylcholine

________ preganglionic sympathetic neurons secrete ________ onto their target cells. All, norepinephrine Most, norepinephrine All, acetylcholine Most, acetylcholine

All, acetylcholine

The contraction cycle is initiated by the rise in ________ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). * Na+ K+ Ca2+ None of the above

Ca2+

The relaxation of skeletal muscle relies on the activity of the ________, which decreases* ryanodine receptor dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor (L-type calcium channel) acetylcholine receptor Ca2+-ATPase

Ca2+-ATPase

Each myosin head has a binding site for* actin only. ATP only. actin and ATP. calcium and ATP. calcium only.

actin and ATP.

The two varieties of adrenergic receptors are ________ and ________. * alpha, beta nicotinic, muscarinic alpha, nicotinic beta, muscarinic

alpha, beta

In order for high-force crossbridges to form in contracting skeletal muscle, calcium must* bind to calmodulin to phosphorylate the myosin. phosphorylate the tropomyosin which moves it. phosphorylate the troponin to move the tropomyosin. bind to tropomyosin which moves the troponin. bind to troponin which moves the tropomyosin.

bind to troponin which moves the tropomyosin.

The binding of acetylcholine to its receptor at the neuromuscular junction causes the opening of a * Na+ channel. hannel for both Na+ and K+. Ca2+ channel. ryanodine receptor.

channel for both Na+ and K+.

Most of the time, the parallel thick and thin filaments of the myofibrils are connected by ________ that span the space between myosin and actin molecules.* tropomyosin molecules nebulin molecules sarcomeres crossbridges calcium ions

crossbridges

The action potential traveling along the t-tubule changes the conformation of the * ryanodine receptor. dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor (L-type calcium channel). acetylcholine receptor. Ca2+ ATPase.

dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor (L-type calcium channel).

The hormone that is released to increase the fight-or-flight reaction is * 1/1 thyroid hormone prolactin oxytocin epinephrine antidiuretic hormone

epinephrine

The adrenal medulla is important to the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system because it* 1/1 is a source of catecholamines. is considered a modified sympathetic ganglion. releases epinephrine and norepinephrine directly into the blood. is a source of catecholamines and is considered a modified sympathetic ganglion. is a source of catecholamines, is considered a modified sympathetic ganglion, and releases epinephrine and norepinephrine directly into the blood.

is a source of catecholamines, is considered a modified sympathetic ganglion, and releases epinephrine and norepinephrine directly into the blood.

The brief period of time between the action potential in the muscle and the beginning of contraction is referred to as the * latent period. refractory period. relaxation phase. depolarization period. repolarization period.

latent period.

The thick filament of the myofibril is made up of ________ molecules whereas ________ is a protein that makes up the thin filaments.* actin, myosin troponin, tropomiosin tinin, actin myosin, tinin myosin, actin

myosin, actin

A motor unit consists of* one neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it controls. one skeletal muscle fiber and all the neurons that control that fiber. one skeletal muscle fiber and the neuron that controls that fiber. one axon terminal branch and the myofibrils it controls.

one neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it controls.

The function of transverse tubules is to* store Ca2+ ions inside the muscle fiber. rapidly move action potentials to the interior of the muscle fiber. ensure a supply of glycogen throughout the muscle sarcoplasm. conduct ATP molecules out of the mitochondria throughout the sarcoplasm.

rapidly move action potentials to the interior of the muscle fiber.

The two subdivisions of the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system are * somatic motor neurons and voluntary neurons. somatic motor neurons and autonomic neurons. the sympathetic and parasympathetic subdivisions. voluntary nervous system and somatic motor neurons.

somatic motor neurons and autonomic neurons.

The division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for intense levels of activity and stress is the ________ division.* sympathetic parasympathetic craniosacral intramural somatomotor

sympathetic

Calcium, released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, binds to ________ to move ________, which allows ________ to bind with myosin.* troponin C, tropomyosin, actin troponin T, myosin, actin tropomyosin C, myosin, actin troponin T, actin, tropomyosin

troponin C, tropomyosin, actin