A Lecture Final
16) The body's nonspecific defenses include all of the following exceptA) the skin.B) complement.C) interferon.D) inflammation.E) B and T cells.
B and T cells
42) T cells release cytokines to stimulate the activation ofA) APCs.B) B cells.C) antibodies.D) immunoglobulins.E) plasma cells.
B cells
52) Which of the following is FALSE?A) After puberty, the thymus gradually shrinks and becomes more fibrous, in a process calledinvolution.B) Inflammation produces increased swelling, redness, heat, pain but not decreased blood flow.C) The process by which the surface of a microorganism is covered with antibodies and complement, rendering it more likely to be phagocytized, is called sensitization.
The process by which the surface of a microorganism is covered with antibodies and complement, rendering it more likely to be phagocytized, is called sensitization.
34) ________ exists when the immune system does not respond to a particular antigen.A) VersatilityB) ToleranceC) SpecificityD) AllergyE) Hypersensitivity
Tolerance
31) True or false? The micturition reflex is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system.A) TrueB) False
True
.69) The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes the disease known as AIDS, selectively infects ________ cells.A) BB) plasmaC) cytotoxic TD) helper TE) suppressor T
helper T
30) Cells that help regulate the antibody-mediated immune response are ________ cells.A) BB) plasmaC) helper TD) cytotoxic TE) NK
helper T
38) B cells are primarily activated by the activities ofA) antigens.B) antibodies.C) helper T cells.D) macrophages.E) plasma cells.
helper T cells
27) When large numbers of antibodies encounter their antigenic targets, they interact to form a three-dimensional structure known as a(n)A) immune complex.B) antigen-presenting cell.C) antigenic determinant site.D) major histocompatibility complex.E) antigen-antibody complex.
immune complex
60) Which of the following is not a method in which antibodies work with features of innate immunity to destroy a pathogen?A) neutralizationB) agglutinationC) initiate allergic reactionD) complement activationE) phagocyte attraction
initiate allergic reaction
70) Infection with the HIV virus occurs throughA) sharing eating utensils. B) airborne droplets from coughs and sneezes.C) intimate contact with an infected person's body fluids.D) casual contact with an infected individual.E) sharing clothes with an infected individual.
intimate contact with an infected person's body fluids
35) Characteristics of specific defenses include all of the following exceptA) versatility.B) tolerance.C) memory.D) specificity.E) intrinsic.
intrinsic
.12) An inflammatory response is triggered whenA) red blood cells release pyrogens.B) T cells release interferon.C) mast cells release histamine and heparin.D) neutrophils phagocytize bacteria. E) blood flow to an area increases.
mast cells release histamine and heparin
10) Plasma contains ________ proteins that form the complement system.A) 1-3B) 5C) fewer than 10D) 18-25E) more than 30
more than 30
18) Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity.A) naturally acquired activeB) naturally acquired passive C) passiveD) autoE) innate
naturally acquired active
19) Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called ________ immunity.A) naturally acquired activeB) naturally acquired passiveC) passiveD) autoE) innate
naturally acquired passive
51) Antibodies may bind to superficial sites on bacteria or other toxins, making the toxin incapable of attaching itself to a cell. This mechanism is known asA) opsonization.B) agglutination.C) phagocytosis.D) neutralization.E) costimulation.
neutralization
63) Antibodies may bind to superficial sites on bacteria or other toxins, making the toxin incapable of attaching itself to a cell. This mechanism is known asA) opsonization.B) agglutination.C) phagocytosis.D) neutralization.E) costimulation
neutralization
21) In response to tissue damage and infection, circulating proteins called pyrogensA) cause inflammation.B) produce a fever.C) activate complement.D) opsonize pathogens.E) activate antibodies.
produce a fever
3) Describe filtrate.A) similar to blood plasmaB) similar to blood plasma without proteinsC) similar to blood plasma without proteins, hormones, glucose, and amino acidsD) similar to cerebrospinal fluidE) similar to cerebrospinal fluid without proteins5) The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are theA) T cells.B) B cells.C) NK cells.D) phagocytes.E) plasma cells.
similar to blood plasma without proteins
17) Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided byA) nonspecific immunity.B) specific immunity.C) immunological surveillance.D) skin defenses.E) fever.
specific immunity
8) Interferons are released by some macrophages and lymphocytes, but also by cells carrying what pathogen?A) parasitesB) virusesC) bacteriaD) prionsE) spirochetes
viruses
40) The cells responsible for antibody-mediated immunity are the ________ cells.A) NKB) BC) helper TD) cytotoxic TE) suppressor T
B
11) Which of the following is FALSE?A) The largest single collection of lymphoid tissue in the adult body is located in the spleen.B) The attraction or repulsion of certain cells to chemicals in their environment is called chemotaxis.C) Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are allergies.D) The cells responsible for producing antibody molecules are plasma cells.E) Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called passive immunity
Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called passive immunity
32) A child falls off her bike and skins her knee. Which form of immunity will be activated immediately?A) Innate immunityB) Adaptive immunityC) Cell-mediated immunityD) Antibody-mediated immunity
Innate Immunity
33) Distinguish between innate immunity and adaptive immunity.A) Innate immunity primarily uses T cells to neutralize the threat. Adaptive immunity primarily uses B cells to neutralize the threat.B) Innate immunity primarily uses B cells to neutralize the threat. Adaptive immunity primarily uses T cells to neutralize the threat.C) Innate immunity relies on the activity of cells to neutralize the threat. Adaptive immunity primarily relies on the activity of specific proteins, such as antibodies to neutralize the threat.D) Innate immunity is nonspecific and does not distinguish one type of threat from another. Adaptive immunity is specific and protects against particular threats.E) Innate immunity is specific and protects against particular threats. Adaptive immunity is nonspecific and does not distinguish one type of threat from another.
Innate immunity is nonspecific and does not distinguish one type of threat from another. Adaptive immunity is specific and protects against particular threats
41) ________ cells enable the immune system to respond quickly and robustly if the same antigen is encountered a second time.A) IgMB) SuppressorC) DendriticD) MemoryE) Plasma
Memory
1) Which of the following is FALSE?A) A substance that provokes an immune response is called an antigen.B) Autoimmune disorders will develop when the immune response mistakenly targets normal body cells and tissues.C) Nonspecific defenses would not include antibodies.D) The three types of interferons are alpha, beta and gamma.E) Perforin a toxin expressed by some pathogens that is capable of damaging healthy cells
Perforin a toxin expressed by some pathogens that is capable of damaging healthy cells
45) The cells directly responsible for cell-mediated immunity are the ________ cells.A) BB) plasmaC) NKD) TE) interferon
T
44) Adaptive immunity is the result of the actions ofA) NK cells.B) T and B cells.C) mast cells.D) antigen-antibody complexes.E) interferons.
T and B cells
15) If the thymus shrank and stopped functioning properly, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number ofA) B lymphocytes.B) NK cells.C) T cells.D) neutrophils.E) NK cells and T cells.
T cells
56) The process by which antibodies bind to the antigen on the surface of cells, forming large immune complexes, is calledA) neutralization.B) opsonization.C) agglutination.D) antigen presentation.E) sensitization.
agglutination
25) An allergen circulating in the bloodstream affects mast cells throughout the body, dropping blood pressure to dangerously low levels. This response is termedA) allergy.B) hypersensitivity.C) allergic rhinitis.D) anaphylactic shock.E) asthma.
anaphylactic shock
47) An antibody binds to an antigen at a specific area called theA) constant segment.B) light chain.C) antigen binding site.D) hapten.E) antigen-antibody complex.
antigen binding site
2) Examples of physical barriers against pathogens include all of the following exceptA) sebaceous glands.B) mucus.C) epithelia.D) epidermal layers.E) blood.
blood
49) In passive immunity, theA) immune system attacks normal body cells.B) body is deliberately exposed to an antigen.C) body receives antibodies produced by other humans.D) body receives antibodies produced by an animal.E) body receives antibodies produced by other humans or the body receives antibodies produced by an animal.
body receives antibodies produced by other humans or the body receives antibodies produced by an animal.
54) Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________ cells.A) BB) plasmaC) helper TD) cytotoxic TE) suppressor T
cytotoxic T
7) The movement of phagocytes through the capillary wall is calledA) chemotaxis.B) diapedesis.C) phagocytosis.D) apoptosis.E) involution.
diapedesis
28) Autoantibodies areA) produced by activated T cells.B) produced during an allergic reaction.C) directed against the body's own antigens.D) the first step in immunological competence.E) important in tissue rejection reactions.
directed against the body's own antigens