A&P 1 Chapter 1

What does the "principle of complementarity of structures and function" mean?

"structure determines function."

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1.molecules 2.atoms 3.tissues 4.cells 5.organ

2-1-4-3-5

Average body temperature is ________ degrees centigrade.

37

The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?

Brain

Which of the following would not be a functional characteristic of life?

Decay

Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones.

Endocrine

T/F: Embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from conception through old age.

False

T/F: The elbow is proximal to the shoulder.

False

T/F: The right hypochondriac region contains the majority of the stomach.

False

T/F: The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum.

False

Produces antibodies that neutralize foreign substances.

Immune system

Protects underlying organs from mechanical damage and synthesizes vitamin D.

Integumentary system

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?

It is the cause of most diseases

Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain?

MRI

Positive or Negative Feedback: Blood glucose levels

Negative

Positive or Negative Feedback: Blood pressure

Negative

Which of the following statements is true concerning negative feedback mechanisms?

Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.

Responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses.

Nervous system

Positive or Negative Feedback: Blood clotting

Positive

Positive or Negative Feedback: Delivering a Baby

Positive

Provides support and levers for muscles to work on.

Skeletal system

What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback?

To maintain homeostasis

T/F: A major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction.

True

T/F: A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function

True

T/F: Imaging is useful in discovering obstructed blood supplies in organs and tissues.

True

T/F: It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it.

True

T/F: Lungs carry out an excretory function.

True

T/F: Positive feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus.

True

T/F: Regardless of the variable being regulated, all homeostatic control mechanisms have at least three interdependent components.

True

T/F: The anatomical position means the body is standing at attention with the palms facing forward and the thumbs pointing away from the body.

True

T/F: The epigastric region is located superior to the umbilical region.

True

T/F: The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system.

True

T/F: Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our bodychemistry in balance.

True

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.

a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

uterus cavity

abdominopelvic

stomach cavity

abdominopelvic cavity

The stomach is _________ to the spine

anterior

Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane?

any Sagittal plain that is not the median.

The anatomical position is used ________.

as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body

Arm region

brachial

The term that describes the heel region is

calcaneal

Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels?

cardiovascular anatomy

Arteries, veins, heart.

cardiovascular system

Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.

cardiovascular system

head region

cephalic

If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat would be the ________.

control center

visceral serous membranes.

cover the organs within the thoracic and abdominopelvic membranes

What is the specific name for the hip region?

coxal

brain cavity

cranial

An obliquecut is one that is cut ________.

diagonally

Esophagus, large intestine, rectum.

digestive system

The fingers are ________ to the wrist.

distal

Which term means toward or at the back of the body, behind?

dorasl

Which body cavity protects the nervous system?

dorsal

Adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary

endocrine system

An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream would be best described as an example of ________.

excretion of metabolic waste

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called?

frontal

Buttock region

gluteal

The study of the heart may incorporate many aspects of anatomy but as a whole, you would say it is __________ anatomy

gross

Subdivisions of anatomy include which of the following?

gross, regional, systematic, surface

What is a dynamic equilibrium of your internal environment termed?

homeostasis

Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?

intestines

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________.

labor contractions

In which abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?

left upper

The parietal pleural would represent a serous membrane ________.

lining the thoracic cavity

Removes and filters excess fluid from tissues.

lymphatic system

The bridge of the nose is _______ to the left eye

medial

parietal serous membrane

membrane attached to the cavity wall

The ________ cavity contains tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the organ ofhearing in the inner ear.

middle ear

Directly causes mechanical motion.

muscular system

Which one of the following systems responds to environmental stimuli?

nervous

Which of the following are survival needs of the body?

nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen

The term that describes the back of the elbow is ________.

olecranal

The cavities housing the eyes are called __________ cavities.

orbital

A structure that is composed of two or more tissues would be a(n) ________.

organ

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except________.

palms facing posteriorly.

knee region

patellar

Which cavity contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum?

pelvic

The heart lies in the ________ cavity.

pericardial

heart cavity

pericardial/thoracic cavity

________ is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the function of specific organs or organic systems.

physiology

In which cavities are the lungs located?

pleural, ventral, and thoracic

What is the posterior side of the patella called?

popliteal

The upper arm is ________ to the forearm

proximal

the elbow is _______ to the wrist

proximal

Trachea, bronchi, alveoli.

respiratory system

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called?

saggital

One of the functional characteristics of life is irritability. This refers to ________.

sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them

Cytology

study of structure and function of cells

The heart is ________ to the stomach

superior

________ cavities are spaces within joints.

synovial

chest region

thoracic

Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity?

thoracic cavity

lungs cavity

thoracic/pleural

The term pollex refers to the ________.

thumb

Histology would be best defined as a study of ________.

tissues

Similar cells that have a common function are called ________.

tissues

Kidneys, bladder, ureters.

urinary system

What is the serous membrane that covers the intestines called?

visceral

The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of body weight, is ________.

water