A&P 1 chapters 10
In an isometric contraction: A. the muscle contracts but does not shorten B. the muscle increases in length during the contraction C. the muscle moves the bone to reduce the angle of a joint D. no energy is expended because nothing moves
A. the muscle contracts but does not shorten
The binding of Ca2+ to __________________ starts the contraction cycle. A. tropomyosin B. troponin C. sarcoplasmic reticulum D. ATP
B. troponin
When examined under a microscope, in which type of muscle tissue are myofibrils not apparent? A.smooth muscle B. cardiac muscle C.skeletal muscle D.atrophied muscle
A.smooth muscle
If ACh is not released at the neuromuscular junction then: A. anaerobic respiration occurs B. aerobic respiration occurs C. muscle contraction will not happen D. acetylcholinesterase will be broken down
C. muscle contraction will not happen
The elevated use of oxygen after exercise is called: A. anaerobic respiration B. central fatigue C. asthma D. recovery oxygen uptake
D. recovery oxygen uptake
For the initiation of an action potential that starts contraction in skeletal muscle fiber: A. ACh must bind to receptors on the motor end plate B. ACh must bind to the neurolemma of the somatic neuron C. K+ must flow into the neurolemma D. acetylcholinesterase must break down Ach at the synapse
A. ACh must bind to receptors on the motor end plate
Which of the following contribute to muscle fatigue? A. Inadequate release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum B. Depletion of creatine phosphate C. Insufficient oxygen, nutrient depletion, lactic acid and ADP build up. D. All of these factors contribute
D. All of these factors contribute
Skeletal muscle fibers are classified as "fast" or "slow" based upon what factor? A. The number of mitochondria present B. The amount of myoglobin present C. The ability of the muscle fiber to respond anaerobically D. The speed of the myosin ATPase
D. The speed of the myosin ATPase
In the liver, some of the lactic acid is converted to: A. myoglobin B. ATP C. acetylcholinesterase D. glycogen
D. glycogen
Smooth muscle differs from skeletal because smooth muscle: A. is striated B. is multi-nucleated C. has a lot of sarcoplasmic reticulum D. has dense bodies instead of Z discs
D. has dense bodies instead of Z discs
When ATP attaches to the myosin head A. Ca2+ reacts with the ATP B. the head attaches to troponin C. actin and myosin both shorten D. the head detaches from actin
D. the head detaches from actin
Which of the following properties of muscle tissue is its ability to generate tension to do work? A. extensibility B. excitability C.contractility E. elasticity
C.contractility
Elasticity refers to the ability of a muscle fiber to A. respond to a stimulus B. shorten C. return to original shape after contracting or stretching D. stretch
C. return to original shape after contracting or stretching
The three types of muscle tissue differ in what feature(s)? A. Microscopic anatomy B. Location C. Method of endocrine and nervous system control D. All of these choices are correct.
D. All of these choices are correct.
Calcium ions move from the cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) into the sarcoplasmic reticulum because of the action of: A. active transport pumps in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane B. ion diffusion channels in the sarcolemma C. myosin binding sites in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane D. acetylcholine receptors on the cell surface
A. active transport pumps in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane
When calcium ion concentration in the sarcoplasm is low, the A. troponin-tropomyosin complex slides back over the myosin binding sites B. muscle cell membrane releases acetylcholine C. myosin stretches and the muscle relaxes D. actin detaches from the Z discs
A. troponin-tropomyosin complex slides back over the myosin binding sites
When calcium ion concentration in the sarcoplasm is low, the A. troponin-tropomyosin complex slides back over the myosin binding sites B. muscle cell membrane releases acetylcholine C. myosin stretches and the muscle relaxes D. actin detaches from the Z discs
A. troponin-tropomyosin complex slides back over the myosin binding sites
A runner nearing the end of a marathon race would produce most ATP by: A. Aerobic respiration B. Anaerobic respiration C. Amino acid breakdown D. Creatine phosphate
A. Aerobic respiration
Skeletal and smooth muscle differ in all of the following except: A. Contraction mechanism B. Cell shape C. Presence of intermediate filaments D. Ability to stretch and maintain ability to contract
A. Contraction mechanism
The enzyme acetylcholinesterase causes A. acetylcholine to break down B. troponin to bind to tropomyosin C. breakdown of pyruvic acid to lactic acid D. ATP to break down to ADP
A. acetylcholine to break down
In tetanus: A. muscles undergo sustained contractions B. muscles tire due to build up of ATP C. Ca2+ levels drop too low to sustain contractions D. muscles wither away
A. muscles undergo sustained contractions
The oxygen-binding protein found in skeletal muscle fibers is A. myoglobin B. adenosine triphosphate C. hemoglobin D. creatine phosphate
A. myoglobin
A muscle fascicle is surrounded by: A. perimysium B. sarcomysium C. epimysium D. endomysium
A. perimysium
The sarcoplasmic reticulum: A. stores Ca2+ when the fiber is at rest. B. opens to the outside through the sarcolemma. C. produces ATP for muscle contraction. D. is the cell membrane around each muscle fiber.
A. stores Ca2+ when the fiber is at rest.
Which of the following types of muscle is both striated and involuntary? A. Smooth muscle only B. Cardiac muscle only C. Skeletal muscle only D. Both smooth and cardiac muscle E. Both cardiac and skeletal
B. Cardiac Muscle
On the first day of summer vacation, Preston hiked four miles down a steep mountain trail. The following day his calf muscles were sore. What type of contraction did walking up the mountain trail involve? A. Eccentric isometric B. Eccentric isotonic C. Concentric isotonic D. Isometric
B. Eccentric isotonic
Which of the following statements is incorrect? A. Eccentric isotonic contractions result in controlled lengthening of the muscle. B. Isometric contractions result in lengthening or shortening of the muscle and moving a load. C. In isometric contractions, the tension generated is not great enough to move the load. D. Concentric isotonic contractions result in muscle shortening.
B. Isometric contractions result in lengthening or shortening of the muscle and moving a load.
From which type of embryonic tissue do the three types of muscle develop? A. Myoderm B. Mesoderm C. Ectoderm D. Endoderm
B. Mesoderm
Why does muscle strength decrease with aging? A. There is an increase in muscle mass as the person ages. B. The relative number of slow oxidative fibers increases with age C. The relative number of fast oxidative glycolytic fibers increases with age D. The relative number of fast glycolytic fibers increases with age
B. The relative number of slow oxidative fibers increases with age
Skeletal muscle fibers are classified as "fast" or "slow" based upon what factor? A. The amount of myoglobin present B. The speed of the myosin ATPase C. The ability of the muscle fiber to respond anaerobically D. The number of mitochondria present
B. The speed of the myosin ATPase
What is happening during the latent phase of a muscle twitch? A.nothing B. calcium is being released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum C. calcium is being pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum D. calcium is binding to troponin E. the muscle is in refraction
B. calcium is being released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
The outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle is the A. sarcomysium B. epimysium C. endomysium D. perimysium
B. epimysium
A sustained muscle contraction without partial relaxation between stimuli is called: A. unfused (incomplete) tetanus B. fused (complete) tetanus C. recovery oxygen uptake D. recruitment
B. fused (complete) tetanus
Muscle growth due to an increase in the size of existing fibers is called A. hyperplasia B. hypertrophy C. pericytosis D. fusion extension
B. hypertrophy
Cardiac muscle fibers are attached to one another at A. T-tubules B. intercalated discs C. A bands D. sarcomeres
B. intercalated discs
Which of the following does NOT have T-tubules? A. skeletal muscle B. smooth muscle C. cardiac muscle D. striated muscle
B. smooth muscle
Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary, slow in contracting, and able to regenerate considerably better than other types of muscle? A. skeletal muscle B. smooth muscle C. cardiac muscle D. striated muscle
B. smooth muscle
Creatine phosphate: A. activates ATPase B. supplies energy for synthesis of ATP C. breaks down ATP D. supplies energy to break ATP into ADP
B. supplies energy for synthesis of ATP
___________ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum bind to troponin to trigger exposure of binding sites on actin and begin the contraction cycle . _________supplies energy to detach the myosin head from actin. A. Sodium ions; ATP B. Sodium ions; GTP C. Calcium ions; ATP D. Calcium ions; Titin
C. Calcium ions; ATP
___________ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum bind to troponin to trigger exposure of binding sites on actin and begin the contraction cycle . _________supplies energy to detach the myosin head from actin. A. Sodium ions; GTP B. Sodium ions; ATP C. Calcium ions; ATP D. Calcium ions; Titin
C. Calcium ions; ATP
Which of the following statements is incorrect? A. Structural proteins aid in alignment, stability, elasticity, and extensibility of myofibrils. B. Regulatory proteins undergo changes in shape which help to trigger the beginning of muscle contraction. C. Contractile proteins include titin, and nebulin which convert the chemical energy of ATP into mechanical energy D. All of these statements are correct.
C. Contractile proteins include titin, and nebulin which convert the chemical energy of ATP into mechanical energy
The properties of muscle tissue include: A. Contractility and electrical excitability only B. Contractility, elasticity and extensibility only C. Electrical excitability, contractility, extensibility and elasticity D. Extensibility and elasticity only
C. Electrical excitability, contractility, extensibility and elasticity
On a cellular level, what causes muscle hypertrophy? A. Increased synthesis of myoglobin B. An increase in the number of mitochondria C. Increased synthesis of thick and thin filaments D. Increased glycogen storage
C. Increased synthesis of thick and thin filaments
From which type of embryonic tissue do the three types of muscle develop? A. Ectoderm B. Endoderm C. Mesoderm D. Myoderm
C. Mesoderm
As Marie rounded the corner, she saw that people were already boarding her bus. Worried that she would miss her ride to campus, she sprinted to the bus stop. In what order were skeletal muscles recruited during her sprint? A. Fast glycolytic, slow oxidative, fast oxidative- glycolytic B. Fast oxidative- glycolytic, fast glycolytic, slow oxidative C. Slow oxidative, fast oxidative-glycolytic, fast glycolytic D. Slow oxidative, fast glycolytic, fast oxidative-glycolytic
C. Slow oxidative, fast oxidative-glycolytic, fast glycolytic
Thick filaments differ from thin filaments in that thin filaments possess: A. A titin binding site is located on the myosin head. B. An actin binding site is located on the myosin head C. Thin filaments contain actin and thick filaments contain myosin D. An titin binding site located on the myosin head
C. Thin filaments contain actin and thick filaments contain myosin
Muscle growth due to an increase in the size of existing fibers is called: A. hyperplasia B. pericytosis C. hypertrophy D. fusion extension
C. hypertrophy
Cardiac muscle fibers are attached to one another at A. sarcomeres B. T-tubules C. intercalated discs D. A bands
C. intercalated discs
Muscle contraction is triggered by impulses carried over A. myofibrils B. sensory neurons C. motor neurons D. afferent neurons
C. motor neurons
Excitability refers to the ability of a cell to: A. shorten B. assume a desired shape regardless of how much it has been stretched C. respond to a stimulus by producing an electrical signal D. return to its original length after stretching
C. respond to a stimulus by producing an electrical signal
The motor end plate differs from the rest of the sarcolemma in that it contains large numbers of _________. A. Synaptic vesicles B. ATP C. Calcium D. Acetylcholine receptors
D. Acetylcholine receptors
Muscles require a rich blood supply in order to: A. Supply oxygen and nutrients B. Remove heat C. Remove waste products of metabolism D. All of these choices
D. All of these choices
Muscle fibers produce ATP using: A. Creatine phosphate B. Anaerobic cellular respiration C. Aerobic cellular respiration D. All of these choices are correct.
D. All of these choices are correct.
On a cellular level, what causes muscle hypertrophy? A. Increased glycogen storage B. Increased synthesis of myoglobin C. An increase in the number of mitochondria D. Increased synthesis of thick and thin filaments
D. Increased synthesis of thick and thin filaments
Myofibrils are composed primarily of A. troponin B. ATP C. tropomyosin D. actin and myosin
D. actin and myosin
If ACh is not released at the neuromuscular junction then: A. aerobic respiration occurs B. anaerobic respiration occurs C. acetylcholinesterase will be broken down D. muscle contraction will not happen
D. muscle contraction will not happen
Muscles generate heat, stabilize the body positions and: A. line organs that open to the outside B. protect the body from invading organisms C. coordinate homeostatic functions for the body D. produce body movements
D. produce body movements
In an isometric contraction: A. the muscle increases in length during the contraction B. the muscle contracts but does not shorten C. the muscle moves the bone to reduce the angle of a joint D. no energy is expended because nothing moves
B. the muscle contracts but does not shorten
When smooth muscles are stretched they contract, but within a short time the tension decreases. This is called: A. isotonic eccentric contraction B. incomplete tetanus C. stress-relaxation response D. passive contraction
C. stress-relaxation response
When ATP attaches to the myosin head A. the head attaches to troponin B. actin and myosin both shorten C. the head detaches from actin D.Ca2+ reacts with the ATP
C. the head detaches from actin
The embryonic tissue which develops specifically into muscle is called: A. pericytes B. mesoderm C. osteoblasts D. satellite cells
B. mesoderm
Muscle contraction is triggered by impulses carried over A. afferent neurons B. motor neurons C. myofibrils D. sensory neurons
B. motor neurons
Calmodulin is involved in the contraction of: A. skeletal muscle B. smooth muscle C. striated muscle D. cardiac muscle
B. smooth muscle
The ______________________________________ is responsible for the striations of striated muscle. A. troponin-tropomyosin interaction B. position of H zones C. hydrolysis of ATP D. alternating of A bands and I bands
D. alternating of A bands and I bands
The term aponeurosis refers to a, A. connective tissue sheath that encloses several tendons B. band of connective tissue that encloses entire groups of tendons C. thickened part of a muscle D. broad, flat, sheetlike tendon
D. broad, flat, sheetlike tendon
Calcium ions move from the cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) into the sarcoplasmic reticulum because of the action of A. active transport pumps in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane B. ion diffusion channels in the sarcolemma C. myosin binding sites in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane D. acetylcholine receptors on the cell surface
A. active transport pumps in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane
Which of the following links thin filaments to the sarcolemma? A. dystrophin B. titin C. myomesin D. myosin
A. dystrophin
Whole muscles that control precise movements consist of: A. One large motor unit B. A large number of small motor units C. A small number of small motor units D. A small number of large motor units
B. A large number of small motor units
The motor end plate differs from the rest of the sarcolemma in that it contains large numbers of _________. A. Calcium B. Acetylcholine receptors C. ATP D. Synaptic vesicles
B. Acetylcholine receptors
The general functions of muscle tissue include: A. Production of body movement B. Stabilization of body positions C. Storage and movement of substances through the body D. Heat generation E. All of these choices are correct
E. All of these choices are correct
Increasing the sarcomere length so that the actin and myosin do not touch results in an increase of tension during muscle contraction. True or False
False
Muscle tone keeps muscles firm but does not produce enough force to cause movement. False OR True
TRUE
Recovery oxygen uptake better describes the elevated use of oxygen after exercise than the term oxygen debt. True OR False
TRUE
Fascia is a sheet or band of irregular connective tissue. True or False
True
Muscle tone keeps muscles firm but does not produce enough force to cause movement. False or True
True