A&P 1 Final (Quiz 4,5,6 )

The watery fluid component of blood is called A. interstitial fluid. B. lymph. C. pus. D. plasma. E. intracellular fluid.

D. plasma.

All of the following are functions of accessory structures of integument except A. sensation of touch. B. excretion of sweat. C. protection of skull. D. production of skin pigments. E. thermoregulation.

D. production of skin pigments.

The body's most delicate type of epithelium is the ________ epithelium. A. simple columnar B. simple cuboidal C. pseudostratified columnar D. simple squamous E. stratified squamous

D. simple squamous

Skin can regenerate effectively even after considerable damage has occurred because A. cells of the stratum basale cannot migrate to other positions in the skin. B. contraction in the area of the injury brings cells of adjacent strata together. C. the epidermis of the skin has a rich supply of small blood vessels. D. stem cells persist in both epithelial and connective-tissue components of the skin even after injury. E. fibroblasts in the dermis can give rise to new germinal cells in the epidermis.

D. stem cells persist in both epithelial and connective-tissue components of the skin even after injury.

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system? A. calcium homeostasis B. blood cell production C. body support D. temperature regulation E. protection of internal organs

D. temperature regulation

Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to A. fat. B. blood. C. epithelium. D. bone. E. neural tissue.

D. bone.

The adult skeleton contains ________ major bones. A. 167 B. 114 C. 276 D. 206 E. 311

D. 206

Vitamin ________ is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight. A. A C. B C. C D. D E. E

D. D

________ free calcium from bone to maintain blood calcium levels. A. Osteocytes B. Osteogenic cells C. Osteoblasts D. Osteoclasts

D. Osteoclasts

The shaft of a long bone is called the A. metaphysis. B. epiphyseal plate. C. lamella. D. diaphysis. E. epiphysis.

D. diaphysis.

Which bone is NOT formed via intramembranous ossification? A. mandible B. patella C. clavicle D. femur

D. femur

A shallow depression on a bone is termed a A. sulcus. B. fissure. C. facet. D. fossa. E. line.

D. fossa.

Which type of tissue contracts to produce movements? A. connective B. epithelial C. glandular D. muscle E. neural

D. muscle

If the epidermis, dermis, and part of hypodermis are burned, it is classified as A. first degree. B. partial thickness. C. second degree. D. full thickness. E. none of the choices.

D. full thickness.

________ accounts for almost two-thirds of the weight of bone. A. Calcium phosphate B. Fluoride C. Calcium carbonate D. Water E. Collagen fibers

A. Calcium phosphate

A transverse fracture of the wrist that may be comminuted is called a ________ fracture. A. Colles B. greenstick C. Pott's D. transverse E. simple

A. Colles

________ bone does not contain capillaries, but receives nutrients through its canaliculi. A. Spongy B. Compact C. Woven D. Osteonic E. Lamellar

A. Spongy

________ attach skeletal muscles to bones, and ________ connect one bone to another. A. Tendons; ligaments B. Reticular tissues; tendons C. Ligaments; reticular tissues D. Ligaments; tendons E. Reticular tissues; ligaments

A. Tendons; ligaments

A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called A. a keloid. B. a lesion. C. a scab. D. a clot. E. granulation tissue.

A. a keloid.

Cells that store fat are called A. adipocytes. B. melanocytes. C. podocytes. D. cellulocytes. E. macrocytes.

A. adipocytes.

Osseous tissue is also called A. bone. B. fat. C. cellulite. D. ligament. E. cartilage.

A. bone.

The most abundant mineral in the human body is A. calcium. B. hydrogen. C. sodium. D. potassium. E. phosphorus.

A. calcium.

The three types of connective tissue include A. connective tissue proper, fluid connective, and supporting connective. B. ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. C. epithelial, muscle, and neural. D. glandular, exocrine, and endocrine. E. All of the answers are correct.

A. connective tissue proper, fluid connective, and supporting connective.

The tissue that always has a "top" and a "bottom" is ________ tissue. A. epithelial B. muscle C. basal D. connective E. apical

A. epithelial

A ________ is a rounded passageway for passage of blood vessels and/or nerves. A. foramen B. fissure C. ramus D. process E. line

A. foramen

Milk is produced by ________ glands. A. mammary B. ceruminous C. merocrine sweat D. eccrine sweat E. sebaceous

A. mammary

Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous A. perichondrium. B. canaliculi. C. periosteum. D. lacunae. E. matrix.

A. perichondrium.

Gap junctions can be found in all of the following tissues except A. skeletal muscle. B. smooth muscle. C. pseudostratified columnar epithelium. D. simple columnar epithelium. E. cardiac muscle.

A. skeletal muscle.

The muscle tissue that shows no striations is ________ muscle. A. smooth B. skeletal C. voluntary D. cardiac E. multinucleated

A. smooth

Accessory structures of the skin include all of the following except A. the epidermis. B. sweat glands. C. sebaceous glands. D. lamellar corpuscles. E. hair follicles.

A. the epidermis.

Each of the following is an example of dense connective tissue except A. dermis. B. areolar connective tissue. C. elastic tissue. D. ligaments. E. tendons.

B. Areolar connective tissue.

Describe the two primary types of glands. (Module 4.8A) A. Sweat glands secrete sweat through a duct to the outside surface of the body; oil glands secrete sebum through a duct to the outside surface of the body. B. Endocrine glands release their substances into the interstitial fluid; exocrine glands release their secretions into ducts that open onto an epithelial surface. C. Mucus glands secrete mucus through a duct to the inside surface of body; sweat glands secrete sweat through a duct to the outside surface of the body. D. Endocrine glands release their secretions into ducts that open onto an epithelial surface; exocrine glands release their substances into the interstitial fluid. E. Endocrine glands release their substances into the interstitial fluid; exocrine glands release their secretions through a duct to the outside surface of the body.

B. Endocrine glands release their substances into the interstitial fluid; exocrine glands release their secretions into ducts that open onto an epithelial surface.

Which type of tissue conducts electrical impulses? A. connective B. neural C. epithelial D. glandular E. muscle

B. Neural

What is a tissue? (Module 4.1B) A. the smallest stable unit of matter B. a group of similar cells and their cell products C. a group of organs working for a similar function D. the highest level of organization in the body E. smallest living unit in the body

B. a group of similar cells and their cell products

With aging, hair turns gray or white due to which of the following causes? A. decreased hormone levels B. decreased melanocyte activity C. constriction of dermal blood vessels D. reduction in dendritic cells

B. decreased melanocyte activity

Scar tissue is the result of A. a lack of sebaceous glands in the injured area. B. large numbers of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels in the injured area. C. increased numbers of fibroblasts in the injured area. D. increased numbers of epidermal layers in the area of the injury. E. a thickened stratum basale in the area of the injury.

B. large numbers of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels in the injured area.

Which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body? A. pleural B. mucous C. cutaneous D. serous E. synovial

B. mucous

Tissue that is specialized for contraction is ________ tissue. A. nerve B. muscle C. epithelial D. loose connective E. dense connective

B. muscle

During the process of ________, an existing tissue is replaced by bone. A. deposition B. ossification C. osteolysis D. appositional growth E. perforation

B. ossification

All of the following are part of the inflammation response except A. increased vessel permeability. B. production of collagenous framework. C. pain. D. mast cell activation. E. increased blood flow.

B. production of collagenous framework.

Nail production occurs at the nail A. bed. B. root. C. cuticle. D. body. E. hyponychium.

B. root.

Insensible perspiration takes place in the A. stratum basale. B. stratum corneum. C. stratum spinosum. D. stratum lucidum. E. stratum granulosum.

B. stratum corneum.

Secondary ossification centers occur in A. the periosteum. B. the epiphyses. C. dermal bones. D. the metaphyses. E. the diaphysis.

B. the epiphyses.

Which layer contains most of the accessory organs? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. below layer 5 E. 5

C. 3

Rickets can be prevented by A. avoiding sunlight. B. dietary intake of cholecalciferol and avoiding sunlight. C. adequate sunlight. D. adequate sunlight and dietary intake of cholecalciferol. E. dietary intake of cholecalciferol.

D. adequate sunlight and dietary intake of cholecalciferol.

Skin wrinkle and sagging is caused by A. aging. B. UV radiation. C. hormonal changes. D. all of the choices. E. none of the choices.

D. all of the choices.

Distinguish among a first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree burn. (Module 5.5A) A. A first-degree burn destroys the epidermis, the dermis, and extends into the subcutaneous layer. A second-degree burn affects the whole epidermis and some of the dermis. A third-degree burn affects only the surface of the skin. B. A first-degree burn affects only the surface of the skin. A second-degree burn destroys the epidermis, the dermis, and extends into the subcutaneous layer. A third-degree burn affects the whole epidermis and some of the dermis. C. A first-degree burn affects only the surface of the skin. A second-degree burn affects the whole epidermis and some of the dermis. A third-degree burn destroys the epidermis, the dermis, and extends into the subcutaneous layer. D. A first-degree burn destroys the epidermis, the dermis, and extends into the subcutaneous layer. A second-degree burn affects only the surface of the skin. A third-degree burn affects the whole epidermis and some of the dermis. E. A first-degree burn affects the whole epidermis and some of the dermis. A second-degree burn affects only the surface of the skin. A third-degree burn destroys the epidermis, the dermis, and extends into the subcutaneous layer.

C. A first-degree burn affects only the surface of the skin. A second-degree burn affects the whole epidermis and some of the dermis. A third-degree burn destroys the epidermis, the dermis, and extends into the subcutaneous layer.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of compact bone? A. The matrix of the bone is very dense and contains deposits of calcium salts. B. It contains osteons. C. It is the site of hematopoiesis. D. Narrow channels pass through the matrix to allow for an exchange of nutrients. E. The matrix of the bone contains osteocytes.

C. It is the site of hematopoiesis.

________ are stem cells that develop into osteoblasts. A. Osteocytes B. Osteoclasts C. Osteogenic cells D. Osteomedullary cells E. Squamous osteons

C. Osteogenic cells

Epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by A. keratin. B. gap junctions. C. a basal lamina. D. proteoglycans. E. interfacial canals.

C. a basal lamina.

Excessive growth hormone after puberty could result in A. osteopenia. B. dwarfism. C. acromegaly. D. osteoporosis. E. gigantism.

C. acromegaly.

Name the two pigments contained in the epidermis. (Module 5.3A) A. creatinine and melatonin B. carnitine and melanoma C. carotene and melanin D. keratin and melanin E. carotene and melatonin

C. carotene and melanin

The two components of the integumentary system are the A. epidermis and superficial fascia. B. epidermis and dermis. C. cutaneous membrane and accessory structures. D. integument and hypodermis. E. cutaneous membrane and hypodermis.

C. cutaneous membrane and accessory structures.

What structure allows a bone to grow in length? A. trabeculae B. lacunae C. epiphyseal cartilages D. metaphysis E. periosteal bud

C. epiphyseal cartilages

A rounded hole through a bone is termed a A. linea. B. ramus. C. foramen. D. facet. E. tubercle.

C. foramen.

In a ________ fracture, one side of the shaft is split and the other side is bent. A. Colles B. compression C. greenstick D. Pott's E. comminuted

C. greenstick

An albino individual lacks the ability to produce A. perspiration. B. keratin. C. melanin. D. hemoglobin. E. carotene.

C. melanin.

Perspiration is produced by ________ glands. A. mammary B. ceruminous C. merocrine sweat D. holocrine sweat E. sebaceous

C. merocrine sweat

Identify the five layers of the epidermis (from superficial to deep). (Module 5.2B) A. stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, stratum spinosum B. stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum basale, stratum spinosum C. stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale D. stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum E. stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum lucideum, stratum spinosum, stratum corneum

C. stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Which of the following are not components of the skeletal system? A. bones B. cartilages C. tendons D. ligaments

C. tendons

Which of the following bones is classified as "irregular" in shape? A. frontal B. ulna C. vertebra D. patella E. metatarsal

C. vertebra

The three kinds of formed elements in blood are A. white cells, fibroblasts, and platelets. B. red cells, fibroblasts, and brown cells. C. red cells, brown cells, and white cells. D. white cells, red cells, and platelets. E. mast cells, red cells, and white cells.

D. white cells, red cells, and platelets.

Describe a typical strand of hair. (Module 5.7A) A. Many layers of dead, tightly compressed cells arranged in 5 stratum layers. B. A layer of epithelial cells surrounding a deep layer of connective tissue. C. A bundle of smooth muscles attached to a hair follicle. D. A small connective tissue peg filled with blood vessels and nerves. E. A keratinous strand produced by basal cells within a hair follicle.

E. A keratinous strand produced by basal cells within a hair follicle.

How does calcitonin act to lower blood calcium? (Module 6.11C) A. Increases endochondral ossification B. Increases osteoclast break down of bone matrix, decreases calcitriol production, increases intestinal absorption, and decreases renal excretion C. Decreases osteoblast break down of bone matrix, increases calcitriol production, increases intestinal absorption, and decreases renal excretion D. Increases osteoblast break down of bone matrix, increases calcitriol production, increases intestinal absorption, and decreases renal excretion E. Decreases osteoclast break down of bone matrix, decreases calcitriol production, decreases intestinal absorption, and increases renal excretion

E. Decreases osteoclast break down of bone matrix, decreases calcitriol production, decreases intestinal absorption, and increases renal excretion

What is the most common type of cells in the subcutaneous layer? A. melanocytes B. keratinocytes C. fibroblasts D. fibrocytes E. adipocytes

E. adipocytes

The central canal of an osteon contains A. bone marrow. B. lacunae. C. concentric lamellae. D. osteocytes. E. blood vessels.

E. blood vessels.

Which of the following is formed by intramembranous ossification? A. clavicle B. carpal bones C. femur D. roof of the skull E. both the roof of the skull and the clavicle

E. both the roof of the skull and the clavicle

Which type of tissue fills internal spaces of the body? A. neural B. epithelial C. muscle D. glandular E. connective

E. connective

After a fracture of the diaphysis has healed, the thickened region that results is called the A. epiphyseal plate. B. dense tuberosity. C. condyle. D. fracture facet. E. external callus.

E. external callus.

Damage to a bone because of extreme load, sudden impact, or stresses applied from an unusual direction is called a A. hematoma. B. sprain. C. callus. D. displacement. E. fracture.

E. fracture.

Give the term for the "study of tissues." (Module 4.1A) A. cytology B. embryology C. neurology D. pathology E. histology

E. histology

Transitional epithelium is found A. lining kidney tubules. B. lining the stomach. C. lining the ducts that drain sweat glands. D. at the surface of the skin. E. lining the urinary bladder.

E. lining the urinary bladder.

The humerus is an example of a(n) ________ bone. A. flat B. short C. irregular D. sesamoid E. long

E. long

Wrinkles in elderly individuals are the result of A. increased production of epidermis. B. increased keratinization of the epidermis. C. decreased thickness of the dermis. D. the loss of glands and hair follicles from the skin. E. loss of elastic filaments in the reticular layer of the dermis.

E. loss of elastic filaments in the reticular layer of the dermis.

The structural units of mature compact bone are called A. osteocytes. B. canaliculi. C. lamellae. D. lacunae. E. osteons.

E. osteons.

The epithelial cells that are flat, thin and have one layer are called A. simple cuboidal. B. stratified squamous. C. simple columnar. D. stratified cuboidal. E. simple squamous.

E. simple squamous.

The layer of dividing cells at the base of the epidermis is the A. stratum granulosum. B. stratum corneum. C. stratum spinosum. D. stratum lucidum. E. stratum basale.

E. stratum basale.

All of the following are characteristics of the epidermis except that it is multilayered. is self-repairing. is flexible. is vascularized. serves as UV radiation protection.

is vascularized.