A&P 1 Integumentary System

The secretion from merocrine sweat glands is carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into _______

Sweat ducts, hair follicles

On many parts of the body, the components of the dermis include blood vessels, ______ glands, ______ glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings, and smooth muscle tissue.

Sweat glands, oil glands

The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ______ and ______glands

Sweat, Sebaceous

The major function of merocrine sweat glands is?

Thermoregulation

The stratum lucidum is found only in ______?

Thick skin

There are three main variations in the epidermis. These variations are ______ colorations, and skin makings.

Thickness

True or False: The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individual

True-There are large variations of epidermal thickness and coloration over the body

Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum corneum takes about ______ weeks. The dead keratinized cells usually remain in the exposed stratum corneum layer for an additional ______ weeks. Overall the keratinocytes are present for about ______ month following their formation

2, 2, 1

In first degree burns, the healing time averages about ______days and typically no scarring results

3-5

______ layers of keratinocytes compose the stratum granulosum

3-5

Kerationocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ______ week(s)

4

The layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the?

? I got two answers for this one...Basale & Spinosum

In the development of embryonic skin, the ______ layer gives rise to the epidermis, and the ______ gives rise to the dermis

Basal, mesenchyme

Hemangiomas are ______ tumors

Benign

A hemangioma is a congential anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to ______ that proliferate and form a benign tumor

Blood vessels- The room "hem" tells you this tumor is related to blood

The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of ______ keratinocytes

Dead

The dermis is ______to the epidermis and contains primarily ______

Deep, Collagen fibers

In addition to keratinocytes, the stratum spinosum also contains another epidermal cell type called epidermal ______ cells that help to fight infection.

Dendritic

True or False: The palms of the hands have more hair than the soles of the feet

False

A mild sunburn without blistering is an example of a ______ degree burn

First

In the layer of the epidermis called the stratum ______ , the process of keratinization begins

Granulosum

Epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata?

Granulosum, Spinosum

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia

Hypodermis

The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein?

Keratin

Within the stratum granulosum begins a process called?

Keratinization

Classify the tissue type of the epidermis: Keratinized ______ epithelium

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Periderm

Layer of cells covering the developing embryonic epithelium

Mesenchyme

Layer of embryonic cells that develops into the dermis

Scattered among the keratinocytes of the basale are pigment-producing cells called?

Melanocytes

The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ glands

Merocrine, apocrine

Fibrous tissue is also known as ______ tissue

Scar

When compressed tactile cells release chemicals that stimulate ______ endings in the dermis

Sensory nerve

Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin

Simple, coiled, tubular

Sunscreen usage reduces the likelihood of ______

Skin cancer

The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the ______?

Stratum corneum

______glands are also called sweat glands

Sudoriferous

The most numerous cells of the epidermis are ______ and the protein they produce is called ______?

Keratinocytes, Keratin

The first three strata of the epidermis consists of ______ keratinocytes and the most superficial strata contain ______ keratinocytes

Living, Dead

Thermoregulation is a major function of ______ sweat glands

Merocrine

The most numerous and widely distributed sweat glands in the body are _____?

Merocrine sweat glands

During the process of keratinization the cells ______ and organelles disintegrate and the cells start to die

Nucleus

The main function of melanin pigments is to protect the ______ of keratinocytes from UV radiation

Nucleus, nuclei, DNA

Hair is found almost everywhere on the body except the sides and __________of the hands and fingers, the sides and ______of the feet and toes, the lips, and portions of the external genitalia.

Palms, soles

To reduce the likelihood of skin cancer, people should use sunscreen regularly and avoid?

Prolonged exposure to the sun

The release of water vapor from sweat glands when we are not sweating is a process called?

Transpiration

True or False: The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm

True

Vernix caseosa

Waterproof protective covering composed of sebum and sloughed off cells

The skin is best described as ______

Waterproof-sweat can escape

Each nail plate consists of a pinkish nail ______ and a distal whitish free ______

Body, Edge

The stratum ______ consists of about 20-30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells

Corneum

Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum ______ layer of the epidermis

Corneum-The stratum basale the deepest layer of the epidermis is not found in nails.

Motile cells in the dermis are called ______ cells

Dendritic

The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______ an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation

Eleiden

The nails, hair and exocrine glands of the skin known as?

Epidermal appendages

The most superficial layer of the integument is the ______

Epidermis

The main functions of the subcutaneous layer are which of the following?

Provides thermal insulation, protects the body, acts as an energy reservoir

In what two ways are damaged skin tissues normally repaired?

Regeneration, Fibrosis

After the stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cells enter the stratum ______ and it begins to lose its ability to divide.

Spinosum

In thick skin, there is an extra layer of epidermal cells. This layer is called the stratum?

Stratum Lucidum

There are 4 layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin from superficial to deep these layers are stratum______

Stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, and stratum spinosum

Scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called?

Tactile cells