A&P 2 chapter 24&25

________ are arranged within a lobule of the liver into a series of irregular plates converging toward a central vein. Bile canaliculi Hepatocytes Portal areas Stellate macrophages Hepatic ducts

Hepatocytes

Which is not true of pancreatic enzymes? Their primary site of action is the pancreas. Most are secreted as proenzymes. They digest carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. They are produced by exocrine tissue.

Their primary site of action is the pancreas.

The mesocolon is a serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity. a thick mesenteric sheet associated with the small intestines. a mesentery associated with a portion of the large intestine. a ligament that suspends the liver from the diaphragm. a section of the large intestines between the sigmoid colon and the rectum

a mesentery associated with a portion of the large intestine.

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except mechanical processing of food. lubrication. digestion of carbohydrates. sensory analysis of material before swallowing. absorption of monosaccharides.

absorption of monosaccharides.

A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would decrease intestinal motility. decrease gastric secretion. increase gastric secretion. increase intestinal motility. interfere with both intestinal motility and gastric secretion.

decrease intestinal motility.

Within the oral cavity, both mechanical and chemical ________ begin. mastication secretions digestion ingestion deglutition

digestion

Submucosal glands that secrete mucus are characteristic of the pancreas. liver. ileum. duodenum. jejunum.

duodenum.

Most of the ATP from metabolism is produced in the glycolysis. electron transport chain. cytosol. citric acid cycle.

electron transport chain.

Absorption of glucose from the gut lumen depends on all of the following except sodium-linked cotransport. emulsification forming small micelles. higher sodium ion concentration in the lumen than in the epithelial cell. cotransporter proteins in the apical membrane of the epithelial cell. the sodium-potassium pump in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cell.

emulsification forming small micelles.

An intestinal hormone that stimulates mucin production by the submucosal duodenal glands is enterocrinin. secretin. GIP. cholecystokinin. gastrin.

enterocrinin

The structure that marks the division between the right and left lobes of the liver is the falciform ligament. hepatic ligament. lesser omentum. ligamentum teres. greater omentum.

falciform ligament.

Blockage of the common hepatic duct would interfere with digestion of vitamins. disaccharides. proteins. complex carbohydrates. fats.

fats

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system? secretion absorption ingestion mechanical processing filtration

filtration

During the citric acid cycle, both NAD and FAD ________ a hydrogen atom and become ________. lose; reduced gain; ATP lose; oxidized gain; oxidized gain; reduced

gain; reduced

The stomach is different from other digestive organs in that it has folds in the mucosa. has three layers of muscle in the muscularis externa. moves by peristalsis. secretes digestive juice. secretes digestive hormones.

has three layers of muscle in the muscularis externa.

The essential functions of the liver include all of the following except hormonal regulation. hematological regulation. albumin production for blood osmotic pressure. metabolic regulation. bile production.

hormonal regulation.

Which is not part of the large intestine? sigmoid colon transverse colon cecum ileum rectum

ileum

The middle segment of the small intestine is the pylorus. ileum. duodenum. jejunum. cecum.

jejunum

The villi are most developed in the stomach. cecum. jejunum. gallbladder. duodenum.

jejunum

Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials? large intestine stomach esophagus small intestine anus

large intestine

The teniae coli are polyps that obstruct the sigmoid colon. tears of the colon. tumors normally confined in the sigmoid colon. longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the colon wall. ridges in the mucosa of the colon.

longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the colon wall.

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach ileum. duodenum. esophagus. mouth.

mouth.

Functions of the tongue include all of the following except manipulation of food. sensory analysis of food. aiding in speech. partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx. mechanical processing of food.

partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx.

Chief cells secrete gastrin. hydrochloric acid. intrinsic factor. mucus. pepsinogen.

pepsinogen

The enzyme amylase digests polysaccharides. disaccharides. triglycerides. peptides. nucleotides.

polysaccharides.

In response to the hormone secretin, the pancreas secretes a fluid rich in mucus. rich in enzymes. rich in bicarbonate ion. rich in bile. that contains only amylase.

rich in bicarbonate ion.

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term submucosal plexus? secretes a watery fluid loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels component of mucosa sensory neural network coordinates activity of muscularis externa

sensory neural network

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term gastrin? causes gallbladder to contract stimulates gastric secretion carries absorbed sugars and amino acids stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum

stimulates gastric secretion

Chemical protein digestion begins in the duodenum. esophagus. mouth. cecum. stomach.

stomach

Which salivary gland produces a mucous rich secretion that acts as a buffer and lubricant? palatine submandibular sublingual parotid lingual

sublingual

What is the layer labeled "3"? submucosa mucosa serosa muscularis mucosae muscularis externa

submucosa

At the hepatic flexure, the colon becomes the descending colon. ascending colon. sigmoid colon. rectum. transverse colon.

transverse colon.

Impaired fat absorption in the intestine would interfere with the absorption of vitamin A. vitamin B12. vitamin C. riboflavin. niacin.

vitamin A.

Put the following layers of the digestive tract wall in order from the lumen to the deepest layer.1. lamina propria2. muscularis externa3. submucosa4. digestive (mucous) epithelium5. serosa6. muscularis mucosae 5, 4, 2, 6, 1, 3 4, 6, 3, 1, 2, 5 4, 1, 6, 3, 2, 5 1, 4, 3, 6, 2, 5 5, 2, 3, 6, 1, 4

4, 1, 6, 3, 2, 5

Place the following structures in order as food passes into them.1. cecum2. duodenum3. ileum4. jejunum5. stomach 1, 3, 4, 2, 5 5, 2, 4, 3, 1 2, 5, 4, 3, 1 5, 1, 2, 4, 3 3, 1, 2, 5, 4

5, 2, 4, 3, 1

The end products of aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. oxygen and water. pyruvic acid and carbon dioxide. carbon dioxide and alcohol. NADH and FADH2.

carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term cholecystokinin (CCK)? carries absorbed sugars and amino acids causes gallbladder to contract stimulates gastric secretion where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid

causes gallbladder to contract

The lipoproteins that carry absorbed lipids from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream are LDLs. VLDLs. chylomicrons. coenzymes. HDLs.

chylomicrons.

A feature of the digestive tract wall that increases surface area available for absorption is the rugae. elastic cells. circular folds. transitional cells. muscularis mucosa

circular folds.

Oxygen is an important molecule in which of the following? citric acid cycle only glycolysis only glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and ETC citric acid cycle and ETC ETC only

citric acid cycle and ETC

Contraction of the muscle layer labeled "9" causes the digestive tract to dilate. constrict. secrete enzymes. shorten. fold for increased surface area.

constrict

During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion, CNS sensory or cognitive activation increases neural stimulation of the stomach. the stomach responds to distention. secretin inhibits parietal and chief cells. the gastroileal reflex decreases production of gastric juice. the intestinal reflex inhibits gastric emptying.

CNS sensory or cognitive activation increases neural stimulation of the stomach.

Which is not a reason the stomach is acidic? Denatures proteins. Helps break down plant cell walls and connective tissue in meat. Kills microorganisms. Activates pepsin. Emulsification of lipids.

Emulsification of lipids.

Which of the following is true regarding digestion and absorption in the stomach? Small proteins can be absorbed with the help of pepsin. Protein digestion begins in the stomach. Lipid digestion begins in the stomach. Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach. Digestion is complete after chyme moves out of the stomach.

Protein digestion begins in the stomach.

A drug that blocks the action of the hormone cholecystokinin would affect all of the following except the composition of pancreatic secretions. absorption of water in the large intestines. relaxation of the hepatopancreatic sphincter. digestion of lipids and proteins. the delivery of bile.

absorption of water in the large intestines.

Which of the following is not a digestive enzyme? lipase amylase pepsin bile

bile

The duodenal ampulla receives secretions from the bile duct and the pancreatic duct. duodenum and the pylorus. duodenum and the jejunum. duodenum and the bile duct. duodenum and the pancreatic duct.

bile duct and the pancreatic duct.

The fusion of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the bile duct. porta hepatis. bile canaliculus. hepatic portal vein. common pancreatic duct.

bile duct.

In oxidative phosphorylation, energy for the synthesis of ATP is directly obtained from the combination of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen to form water. splitting of oxygen molecules. movement of hydrogen ions through channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane. breaking of the covalent bonds in glucose. oxidation of acetyl-CoA.

movement of hydrogen ions through channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

The gastroileal reflex moves some chyme to the colon. promotes gastric secretion. decreases peristaltic activity. is relayed through the CNS. empties the duodenum.

moves some chyme to the colon.

The esophagus has several variations from the standard plan of the GI tract. These include epithelium of mucosa is simple columnar and muscularis externa may be striated muscle. epithelium of mucosa is simple columnar. muscularis externa has some skeletal muscle. epithelium of mucosa is stratified squamous. epithelium of mucosa is stratified squamous and simple columnar.

muscularis externa has some skeletal muscle.

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? spleen esophagus colon pancreas appendix

pancreas

The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of islets of Langerhans. triads. pancreatic lobules. pancreatic acini. pancreatic crypts.

pancreatic acini.

The ________ gland empties into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar. sublingual submaxillary submandibular vestibular parotid

parotid

All of the following are true of the intestinal phase of gastric digestion except that it involves both neural and endocrine reflexes. precedes the gastric phase. helps ensure that the functions of the small intestine proceed with relative efficiency. functions to control the rate of gastric emptying. begins when chyme enters the small intestine.

precedes the gastric phase.

Identify the stomach region labeled "7." greater curvature pyloric part cardia esophagus lesser curvature

pyloric part

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the antrum. cardia. body. pyloric part. fundus.

pyloric part.

Functions of the large intestine include reabsorption of water and compaction of feces. most of the chemical breakdown of food. production of gas to move waste toward the rectum. secretion of vitamins. absorption of bile salts.

reabsorption of water and compaction of feces.

The defecation reflex involves sympathetic nerves. parasympathetic nerve control from sacral nerves. relaxation of both the internal and external anal sphincters. conscious control of both the internal and external anal sphincters. relaxation of the ileocecal valve to move feces into the rectum.

relaxation of both the internal and external anal sphincters.