A&P 2 ex 1
you have consumed a six-pack of beer in the course of an evening. the combination of fluid intake and alcohol acts to inhibit the secretion of:
ADH
if fluid intake increases dramatically over a short time frame:
ADH secretion decreases
A person who drinks a lot of alcoholic beverages must urinate frequently. Why?
Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion.
all of the following pituitary hormones are tropic except:
GH
It was often rumored that one of our deceased presidents was suffering from Addison's disease (inadequate synthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids). What symptoms may have led to the diagnosis of this condition?
Low body weight, low plasma glucose and sodium levels, high potassium levels, hypotension, severe dehydration, and hypotension might all have been observed in the patient.
Why would one not expect to continue increasing in height with age?
The amount of growth hormone secreted declines with age and the closure of the epiphyseal plates prohibits further growth in length of the long bones.
John is a 26-year-old man who begins to notice a progressive enlargement of feet, hands, cranium, nose, and lower jaw bone. His doctor recommends a pituitary gland operation. What is the most likely diagnosis? Why?
The diagnosis is acromegaly. The condition results from excess secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland post puberty and after the epiphyseal plates of the long bones have fused.
Explain how antidiuretic hormone can help regulate an abnormal increase in solute concentration in the extracellular fluid
The release of antidiuretic hormone can regulate an increase in solute concentration by causing reabsorption of water by the kidney. With reabsorption, blood water volume increases, decreasing solute concentration
hypersecretion of growth hormone after epiphyseal plate closure can result in a condition called
acromegaly
hypersection or growth hormone after epiphyseal plate closure can result in a condition called _____
acromegaly
too much GH is a fully grown adult results in:
acromegaly
the anterior pituitary gland is also called the:
adenohypophysis
why should the hypothalamus instead of the adenohypothalamis be called the "master endocrine gland"?
although the adenohypophysis has many hormonal products, the hypothalamus controls anterior pituitary activity through regulatory factors
which of the following hormones is synthesized by the hypothalamus?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
ADH secretion will increase when:
blood osmolarity increases
the major targets of growth hormone are:
bones and skeletal muscles
where is the pituitary gland located
both A and B
"Diabetes insipidus is a pathological condition in which the posterior pituitary gland fails to secreted antidiuretic hormone (ADH). In people suffering from diabetes insipidus, much of the filtrate entering the proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubules becomes urine. People with this condition can produce as much as 20 - 30 L of urine per day. Though dilute urine is produced, these people also lose a large amount of sodium, calcium and other ions due to the large amount of urine produced. This ionic imbalance is: "
can affect the nervous system and muscle contraction
ADH is also called vasopressin because at high concentrations it causes:
constriction of blood vessels
insufficient ADH release causes:
diabetes insipidus
cells of the posterior pituitary produce antidiurectic hormone (or vasopressin)
false
classical glands cush as the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands
function solely to produce and secrete hormones
which hormone stimulates its target cells to divide, increases their rate of protein synthesis, decreases their use of glucose and increases their use of fats
growth hormone
growth hormones act indirectly to make the epiphyseal plate cartilage grow. what then acts directly to make it grow?
growth hormone stimulates the liver to release a growth factor called somatomedin, which in turn controls the epiphyseal plate cartilage growth
the posterior pituitary:
has a direct connection with the neurons of the hypothalamus
which stimulus would increase the rate of growth hormone secretion
high somatostatin levels
acromegaly and gigantism are the result of _____ of growth hormone
hypersecretion
Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland is through the _________________.
hypophyseal portal system
the hypophyseal portal system carries hormones from
hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is synthesized by the ______ while thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is synthesized by the ______
hypothalamus; anterior pituitary
the hormone ADH is produced by cells whose bodies are in the ______, but it is actually released or secreted in the _______
hypothalamus; posterior pituitary
releasing hormones:
increase anterior pituitary secretion
ADH is secreted in response to:
increased osmotic pressure of the body fluids
urine volume ______ when ADH secretion decreases
increases
growth hormone
increases amino acid uptake in cells
growth hormone:
increases amino acid uptake in cells
ADH:
is inhibited by alcohol
the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract:
is partly contained within the infundibulum
hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary is controlled by:
neurohormones of the hypothalamus
the two functional portions of the pituitary gland are the:
neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis
oxytocin release is stimulated by:
nursing a baby
"A person working outside in the hot sun can perspire a great deal. This increas in perspiration results in an increase in water loss from the body. Increased water loss causes blood osmolarity to increase. This increased osmolarity is ""sensed"" by the: "
osmoreceptors
suckling is an important stimulus for the release of:
oxytocin
the milk ejection reflex is an important effect of:
oxytocin
which hormone is sometimes given to women to induce (start) labor
oxytocin
which of the following is a subdivision of the anterior pituitary
pars distalis
the sella turica is the location of which gland
pituitary
which of the following consists of nerve tissue and is a downgrowth from the hypothalamus
posterior pituitary
what is the role of ADH?
prevents dehydration
when growth hormone (GH) secretion is deficient in a newborn (if not treated) the child will:
probably experience reduced bone growth and short stature
when growth hormone secretion is deficient in a newborn (if not treated), the child will:
probably experience reduced bone growth and short stature
anterior pituitary cells called mammotropes (lactotropes) secrete:
prolactin
which hormone has only one known effect: to stimulate milk production by the breasts?
prolactin
the primary antidiurectic hormone, also called vasopressin, is to:
promote the retention of water by the kidneys
oxytocin:
release is an example of positive feedback mechanisms
the hypothalamus:
rests in the sella turica
which organ does NOT produce hormone
spleen
the parents of a 17 year old boy are concerned about his height because he is only 5 feet tall and they are both close to 6 feet tall. after tests by their doctor, a certain hormone is prescribed for the boy. what is the probable diagnosis and what hormones were prescribed? why might the child still expect to reach his growth potential
the diagnosis is insufficient growth hormone. the prescription is recombinant DNA-produced pituitary growth hormone. the reason the child might reach his growth potential is that the epiphyseal plates of the long bones have not yet closed, allowing additional growth of the long bones
which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
"As a result of stress, the adenohypophysis releases ACTH, which stimulates release of hormones from the adrenal cortex that retain sodium and water, increase blood sugar, and begin breaking down fats. "
true
