A&P 2 Exam #1
The average life span of a red blood cell is
4 months.
Plasma makes up about what percentage of whole blood?
55 percent
Erythropoietin
A hormone produced and released by the kidney that stimulates the production of red blood cells by the bone marrow.
Monocytes
An agranular leukocyte that is able to migrate into tissues and transform into a macrophage.
________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.
Anemia
________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
Coagulation
________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.
Monocytes
Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?
Red cells contain a large, centrally located nucleus
White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are
basophils
White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are
basophils.
Coumadin (warfarin)
blocks the actions of vitamin k, which inhibits synthesis of several clotting factors
thrombus
blood clot fixed to inner lining of blood vessel
The function of hemoglobin is to
carry dissolved blood gases.
The process of fibrinolysis
dissolves clots.
Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone
erythropoietin.
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the
expression of tissue factor (Factor III) by fibroblasts.
A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is
fibrinogen
Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood?
fibrinogen
plasma
fluid component of blood
The waste product bilirubin is produced from
heme molecules lacking iron.
Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of
hemorrhage.
Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?
liver
Hypovolemia
low blood volume
The blood cells involved in adaptive (or specific) immunity are the
lymphocytes
Hematocrit
measure of the formed element component of blood
diapedesis
mechanism by which leukocytes migrate out of vessels
Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called
megakaryocytes.
albumin
most abundant type of plasma protein
chemotaxis
movement of leukocytes in response to chemical stimuli
During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of
neutrophils
The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the
neutrophils
Non-specific immunity, such as phagocytosis, is a function of which blood cells?
neutrophils and eosinophils
heme
non-protein component of hemoglobin
oxyhemoglobin
oxygen bound to hemoglobin
The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except
periods of fasting.
The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is
plasmin
Thrombocytes
platelets. necessary for hemostasis; temporary plug formation at site of injury
megakaryocytes
precursor of thrombocytes
A person's blood type is determined by the
presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.
anticoagulant
prevents blood clotting
eosinophil
primary defense against multicellular parasites; reduce inflammation
Which of the following is NOT a function of the blood?
produce hormones to regulate metabolism
blood doping
re-infusion of packed red cells to the body to artificially elevate hematocrit
Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is
recycled to the red bone marrow.
anemia
reduction in the oxygen carrying capacity of blood
Hypoxia
reduction in tissue oxygenation
CSF
several different types promote leukopoiesis of specific blood cell lineages
Aspirin
suppresses thromboxane A2 formation
A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because
the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.
Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by
the liver.
In case of hemorrhage, platelets are stored as a reserve in
the spleen.
Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of
iron
Lymphocytes
leukocyte that spends most time in lymphatic tissue
A hormone that stimulates production of granulocytes and monocytes is
GM-CSF.
Which of the following statements about blood is false?
The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0.
A hematocrit provides information about
abundance of formed elements.
The common pathway of coagulation begins with the
activation of Factor X, production of prothrombin activator.
Which of the following descriptions best matches the function of platelets?
adhere to collagen beneath endothelium
The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are
albumins.
The function of red blood cells is to
carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide.
When is fibrin produced during the coagulation cascade?
common pathway
iron
component of hemoglobin that binds an oxygen molecule
fibrinogen
converted to fibrin by thrombin
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor?
hormone that regulates white blood cell formation
A person who has a low blood volume is said to be
hypovolemic.
Reticulocyte
immature erythrocyte in circulation; measure of erythropoiesis
Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the
immunoglobulins
All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are
important in coagulation.
Heparin
inactivates thrombin and inhibits intrinsic pathway
Prostacyclin
inhibits platelet aggregation
Select the appropriate pathway for the steps of hemostasis.
vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, coagulation, clot retraction, thrombolysis
The most abundant component of plasma is
water
Leukocytes
white blood cells
The combination of plasma and formed elements is called
whole blood.