A&P 2: Final

a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.

A glomerulus is

progesterone.

After ovulation, the ovary secretes

blood CO2 levels

Are chemoreceptors more sensitive to blood CO2 levels or blood O2 levels?

the functional zone of the endometrium is restored.

During the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle,

proteins.

Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine except

adrenal glands.

Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system except the

transferred to another molecule

In transamination, the amino group of an amino acid is ________, yielding a different amino acid.

the cells of the body.

Intracellular fluid is found only within

acrosome, head, neck, middle piece, and tail

List the structures of a sperm. (Module 26.3C)

increased by aldosterone.

Secretion of potassium into the urine is

seminiferous tubules.

Sperm production occurs in the

oral cavity (mouth), pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Starting at the mouth, identify the major organs of the digestive tract

elevated PCO2.

The term "hypercapnia" refers to

enamel.

The thick surface layer of the crown of a tooth is made up of

pharynx.

This passageway, commonly called the throat, is part of the respiratory system and the digestive system

carbonic acid

What intermediate compound formed from water and carbon dioxide directly affects the pH of the ECF? (Module 25.7B)

store and concentrate bile

What is the function of the gallbladder? (Module 22.20D)

regulates release of chyme into the duodenum

What is the function of the structure labeled "6"?

produce oocytes, secrete female sex hormones, secrete inhibin

What roles do the ovaries perform? (Module 26.9B)

acidemia

When the blood pH falls below 7.35, ________ results.

in the small intestine, primarily in the jejunum

Where does most nutrient absorption occur? (Module 23.8B)

respiratory

Which of the following systems is responsible for gas exchange?

digestive tract.

With regard to fluid balance, water gains occur primarily in the

the kidneys.

With regard to mineral balance, the primary site of ion loss in the body is

ileum.

The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the

glomerulus.

The process of filtration occurs at the

lactation.

The production of milk is called

pylorus.

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the

emulsification.

Bile salts break lipids apart in a process called

efferent arteriole.

Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the

stomach

Chemical breakdown of materials, especially proteins, by acid and enzymes takes place in the

pepsinogen.

Chief cells secrete

Oocyte is an immature female gamete.

Define oocyte. (Module 26.10A)

The endometrium is the inner, glandular layer; the myometrium is the middle, muscular layer; the perimetrium is the outer, incomplete serosal layer.

Describe the three layers of the uterine wall. (Module 26.11B)

Chemical digestion involves the breakdown of food, whereas absorption involves the movement of nutrients across the digestive epithelium into the interstitial fluid.

Distinguish between chemical digestion and absorption.

right primary

During a choking episode, most foreign objects are more likely to become lodged in the ________ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle.

Increased temperature and decreased pH generated by active skeletal muscles cause hemoglobin to release more oxygen during exercise than when the muscles are at rest.

During exercise, hemoglobin releases more oxygen to active skeletal muscles than it does when those muscles are at rest. Why?

expansible pouches of the colon.

Haustra are

Water can be lost during urination, evaporation at skin and lungs, and in feces.

Identify routes of fluid loss from the body. (Module 25.2A)

phosphate buffer system, protein buffer system, and the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

Identify the body's three major buffer systems. (Module 25.8A)

the external urethral sphincter

If you have to urinate, but have to "hold it" until you can find a bathroom, what structure are you "holding it" with?

bicarbonate ions.

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as

mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, serosa

Name the four layers of the digestive tract beginning from the lumen of the digestive tract.

countercurrent exchange

Name the heat conservation mechanism that conducts heat form deep arteries to adjacent deep veins in the limbs.

lipids

Of these — carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins — which releases the greatest amount of energy per gram during catabolism? (Module 23.15C)

urea.

The conversion of ammonia into a less toxic substance produces

kilocalories (also, kcal or Cal).

The energy content of foods is commonly given in units of

corpus spongiosum.

The erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra is the

the chloride shift.

The movement of chloride ions into the RBCs in exchange for bicarbonate ions is known as

uterus.

The organ that provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the developing embryo is the