A&P 2 Final Festival
True
Because lymph vessels are very low-pressure conduits, movements of adjacent tissues are important in propelling lymph through the lymphatics. True False
C
Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________. A) right atrium B) left ventricle C) left atrium D) right ventricle
True
Both "turn on" factors (hormonal, humoral, and neural stimuli) and "turn off" factors (feedback inhibition and others) may be modulated by the activity of the nervous system. True False
False
Cellular respiration is an anabolic process. True False
A-Same as 306
During vasectomy, what accessory duct is cut as a form of birth control? A) Ductus (vas) deferens B) Ejaculatory duct C) Urethra D) Epididymis
False
Emphysema is distinguished by permanent shrinkage of the alveoli. True False
False
Female orgasm is required for conception. True False
A
Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes ________. A) a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output B) a rise in blood pressure due to change in cardiac output C) no change in blood pressure but a slower heart rate D) no change in blood pressure but a change in respiration
D
Into what vessel does the left ventricle eject blood? A) Pulmonary veins B) Pulmonary trunk C) Superior vena cava D) Aorta
True
Lymphatic capillaries are permeable to proteins. True False
C
Select the correct statement about lymphocytes. A) The two main types are T cells and macrophages. B) T cells are the only form of lymphocyte found in lymphoid tissue. C) B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood. D) T cells are the precursors of B cells.
D
Specifically, what is the production of red blood cells called? A) Leukopoiesis B) Thalassemia C) Hemostasis D) Erythropoiesis
C
The __________ is also known as the "guardian of the airways." A) larynx B) vestibular folds C) epiglottis D) glottis
A
The majority of whole blood is __________. A) plasma B) erythrocytes C) platelets D) leukocytes
False
The primary function of the testes is to produce testosterone. True False
True
Tracheal obstruction is life threatening. True False
C
What is the specific target of interferons? A) Specific viruses B) Antibodies C) Nearby healthy cells D) Infected cells
D
What vessel directly feeds into the glomerulus? A) Cortical radiate artery B) Efferent arteriole C) Vasa recta D) Afferent arteriole
A
Which hormone is the body's major metabolic hormone? A) Thyroid hormone B) Adrenocorticotropic hormone C) Antidiuretic hormone D) Parathyroid hormone
C-picture
Which letter represents the adrenal glands? Select from letters A-D.
C
Which of the following glands is found atop the kidneys? A) Parathyroid B) Pituitary C) Adrenal D) Thyroid
C-Picture
Which of the following lacks lymph capillaries? A) Small intestine B) Loose connective tissues C) Bones and teeth D) Skin
B
Which of the formed elements contains hemoglobin and transports respiratory gases? A) Granular leukocytes B) Erythrocytes C) Platelets D) Agranular leukocytes
A
ADH ________. A) is inhibited by alcohol B) promotes dehydration C) increases urine production D) is produced in the adenohypophysis
True
About 3 liters of fluid are lost to the tissue spaces every 24 hours and are returned to the bloodstream as lymph. True False
False
Arterial blood supply to heart muscle is continuous whether the heart is in systole or diastole. True False
A
Bile is produced by the __________. A) liver B) stomach C) gallbladder D) pancreas
A
Blood analysis indicates a low pH, and the patient is breathing rapidly. Given your knowledge of acid-base balance, which of the following is most likely? A) Metabolic acidosis B) Metabolic alkalosis C) Respiratory alkalosis D) Respiratory acidosis
True
Both tetrads and crossovers are seen during meiosis. True False
True
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is the main androgen that is associated with female libido. True False
False
During normal quiet breathing, approximately 750 ml of air moves into and out of the lungs with each breath. True False
False
Except for lactose and some glycogen, the carbohydrates we ingest are mainly from animals. True False
A
Factors that aid venous return include all except ________. A) urinary output B) pressure changes in the thorax C) activity of skeletal muscles D) venous valves
True
Fats significantly delay the emptying of the stomach. True False
C
For gas exchange to be efficient, the respiratory membrane must be ________. A) between 5 and 6 micrometers thick B) at least 3 micrometers thick C) 0.5 to 1 micrometer thick D) The thickness of the respiratory membrane is not important in the efficiency of gas exchange.
True
For use as fuel, all food carbohydrates are eventually transformed to glucose. True False
True
Hemorrhagic anemias result from blood loss. True False
True
Hormones are long-distance chemical signals that travel in blood or lymph throughout the body. True False
B
How much water is generated per day from cellular metabolism? A) 750 ml B) 250 ml C) 1500 ml D) 2500 ml
A
How would an attack by a mugger affect blood pressure? What is the physiological basis for your answer? A) Blood pressure would increase due to sympathetic nervous system stimulation. B) Blood pressure would increase due to parasympathetic nervous system stimulation. C) Blood pressure would decrease due to parasympathetic nervous system stimulation. D) Blood pressure would decrease due to sympathetic nervous system stimulation. E) Blood pressure would increase due to vagal nerve stimulation.
True
LH is also referred to as a gonadotropin. True False
D
Occasionally three polar bodies are found clinging to the mature ovum. One came from an unequal division of the ovum, but from where did the other two arise? A) There were originally four polar bodies and one disappeared. B) What you really see are two polar bodies and the sperm that will fertilize the egg. C) One is an undeveloped primary oocyte that failed to mature. D) The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies.
True
Some immunocompetent cells will never be called to service in our lifetime. True False
True
Some of the microbes that often invade other organs of the body are rarely found in the stomach. The reason for this is the presence of HCl. True False
D
Steroid hormones exert their action by ________. A) entering the cell and activating mitochondrial DNA B) activating the hypothalamic release of regulating hormones C) binding cell receptors and initiating cAMP activity D) entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene
D
The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task? A) Brunner's glands and Peyer Patches B) The vast array of digestive enzymes C) The rugae and haustra D) Plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli
False
The alveoli are also known as alveolar sacs. True False
B Elastic arteries are thick-walled arteries near the heart. These arteries are the largest in diameter. Elastic arteries act as pressure reservoirs; they expand and contract as blood is ejected from the heart.
The aorta is an example of a(n) __________. A) arteriole B) elastic artery C) vein D) muscular artery
C
The body's water volume is closely tied to a powerful water "magnet." What magnet is referred to here? A) Water level in the extracellular compartment B) Ionic potassium C) Ionic sodium D) Water level in the intracellular compartment
False
The corpus luteum secretes progesterone only. True False
B
The duct system of the male reproductive system does not include the ________. A) epididymis B) corpus spongiosum C) urethra D) ductus deferens
D
The heart's pacemaker is the __________. A) atrioventricular bundle B) atrioventricular node C) Purkinje fibers D) sinoatrial node
False
The paired lungs occupy all of the thoracic cavity. True False
True
The parietal pleura lines the thoracic wall. True False
True
The peritoneum is the most extensive serous membrane in the body. True False
False
The preferred energy fuel for the brain is fat. True False
True
The single most important blood buffer system is the bicarbonate buffer system. True False
True
The smaller cell produced by oogenesis meiosis I, called the first polar body, is essentially a packet of discarded nuclear material. True False
A
Under normal circumstances, most water is lost in __________. A) urine B) insensible losses via skin and lungs C) sweat D) feces
False
Vasodilation is a widening of the lumen due to smooth muscle contraction. True False
B
What accounts for the route through which most fluid is lost in a day? A) Feces B) Urine C) Insensible loss through skin and lungs D) Sweat
B-Same as 309
What are the two fatty, hair-covered skin folds that run posteriorly from the mons pubis? A) Greater vestibular glands B) Labia majora C) Clitoris D) Labia minora
C
What is the primary function of hormones? A) Cause allergic reactions B) Influence metabolic activity of glands by electrochemical impulses C) Alter cell activity D) Activate extracellular enzymes
D
What is the role of interferon in defense against disease? A) Activates the complement mechanism B) To kill the bacteria C) Activates the inflammatory process D) Protects cells that have not yet been infected by viruses
A-Picture Chapter 6 #22
What is the tidal volume of an average adult male? A) 500 ml B) 3100 ml C) 1200 ml D) 4800 ml
B
What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production? A) Liver B) Kidney C) Brain D) Pancreas
C
What triggers erythropoietin (EPO) production to make new red blood cells? A) Excess oxygen in the bloodstream B) Too many platelets C) Reduced availability of oxygen D) Too many erythrocytes
A-Same picture as 82
What type of vessel has relatively more smooth muscle and less elastic tissue? A) Muscular artery B) Arteriole C) Elastic artery D) Capillary
B
What type of water imbalance increases the amount of fluid in all compartments? A) Dehydration B) Hypotonic hydration C) Edema D) Inflammation
D
When we take anti-histamines, we are countering the effects of which type of leukocyte? A) Lymphocytes B) Eosinophils C) Neutrophils D) Basophils
A
Where are oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) made? Select from letters A-D.
A
Which letter represents the tonsils? Select from letters A-D.
D
Which of the following is not characteristic of the adaptive immune system? A) It has memory. B) It is systemic. C) It is antigen-specific. D) It is specific for a given organ.
C
Which of the following is represented by the "membrane" indicated in the figure? A) Nuclear membrane B) Outer mitochondrial membrane C) Inner mitochondrial membrane D) Plasma membrane
C
Which of the following pressures must remain negative to prevent lung collapse? A) Atmospheric pressure B) Intrapulmonary pressure C) Intrapleural pressure D) Transpulmonary pressure
A
Which of the following would decrease body temperature? A) Dilation of cutaneous blood vessels B) Enhanced thyroxine release C) Shivering D) Eating a large meal
C The kidneys and the GI tract (i.e. the stomach and intestines) would have a decreased blood flow during exercise.
Which of the following would experience a decreased blood flow during exercise? A) Brain B) Skin C) Kidneys D) Skeletal muscles
B
Which of these lymphoid organs is the thymus? Select from letters A-D.
D
Which organ of the digestive tract is the body's major digestive organ? A) Stomach B) Large intestine C) Liver D) Small intestine
A
Which organs are the ultimate acid-base regulatory organs? A) Kidneys B) GI tract organs C) Lungs D) Cardiovascular organs
C-Picture Chapter 11 #8
Which specific layer of the uterus is shed during menstruation, approximately every 28 days? A) Myometrium B) Mesometrium C) Stratum functionalis of the endometrium D) Stratum basalis of the endometrium
C
Which vessel delivers nutrient-rich blood to the liver from the digestive tract? A) Hepatic vein B) Inferior vena cava C) Hepatic portal vein D) Central vein
B
Why are the male testes located in the scrotum outside the body? A) It helps the male secondary sexual characteristics develop. B) Immature sperm are temperature sensitive. C) Their external location is necessary for penile development. D) The testes develop better outside the body
D
Why does meiosis involve two nuclear divisions rather than one, as in mitosis? A) Meiosis creates gametes with double the original chromosome number. B) Meiosis produces two genetically identical cells through the two nuclear divisions. C) Meiosis produces four cells, each with identical chromosomes. D) Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half.
A Cytotoxic T cells are proficient at killing virus-infected cells.
__________ are lymphocytes that directly kill virus- infected cells. A) Cytotoxic T cells B) B cells C) Helper T cells D) Macrophages
A) Pulmonary veins B) Mitral valve C) Left ventricle D) Right atrium E) Tricuspid valve
1) Right side, third line down 2) Right side, fifth line down 3) Right side, eighth line down 4) Left side, fourth one down 5) Left side, eighth one down A) Right atrium B) Pulmonary veins C) Tricuspid valve D) Mitral valve E) Left ventricle
False
A human egg or sperm contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. True False
False
Adaptive immunity is provided only by lymphocytes that secrete antibodies. True False
A
Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it ________. A) inhibits the release of ADH B) increases the rate of glomerular filtration C) increases secretion of ADH D) is not reabsorbed by the tubule cells
True
Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate. True False
B
Aldosterone will ________. A) promote a decrease in blood volume B) promote an increase in blood pressure C) result in a larger output of urine D) decrease sodium reabsorption
False
All capillary beds are continuously perfused with blood. True False
True
Although lung cancer is difficult to cure, it is highly preventable. True False
True
An increase in blood viscosity will cause an increase in peripheral resistance. True False
True
Anastomoses among coronary arterial branches provide collateral routes for blood delivery to the heart muscle. True False
C Activated B cells, called plasma cells, are responsible for producing antibodies.
Antibodies are produced by __________. A) macrophages B) dendritic cells C) plasma cells D) reticular cells
A
Approximately 80% of the energy used for active transport is devoted to the reabsorption of __________. A) sodium B) potassium C) water D) glucose
True
Arteries supplying the same territory are often merged with one another, forming arterial anastomoses. True False
C
As the body progresses from the absorptive to the postabsorptive state, only the ________ continues to burn glucose while every other organ in the body mostly switches to fatty acids. A) liver B) pancreas C) brain D) spleen
True
As ventilation increases and more carbon dioxide is removed from the blood, the hydrogen ion concentration of the blood decreases. True False
A
At what point during meiosis do homologous chromosomes pair up? A) Prophase I B) Metaphase I C) Anaphase I D) Prophase II
B-picture
At what rate does the sinoatrial (SA) node ensure depolarization in the heart? A) 50 beats of the heart per minute B) 75 beats of the heart per minute C) 40 beats of the heart per minute D) 30 beats of the heart per minute
True
Atrial naturetic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption. True False
False
Auricles slightly increase blood volume in the ventricles. True False
C
Cancer cells and virus-infected body cells can be killed before activation of adaptive immunity by ________. A) pinocytosis B) B lymphocytes C) natural killer cells D) T lymphocytes
True
Changes in arterial pH can modify respiration rate and rhythm even when carbon dioxide and oxygen levels are normal. True False
B
Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the process of ________. A) anabolism B) catabolism C) mastication D) fermentation
B
Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids and that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called ________. A) proteins B) hormones C) enzymes D) antibodies
D
Cholesterol, though it is not an energy molecule, has importance in the body because it ________. A) helps mobilize fats during periods of starvation B) enters the glycolytic pathway without being altered C) helps provide essential nutrients to the brain and lungs D) is a stabilizing component of the plasma membranes and is the parent molecule of steroid hormones
D
Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle ________. A) lacks striations B) cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells C) has more nuclei per cell D) has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium
False
Dalton's law of partial pressures states that when a gas is in contact with a liquid, that gas will dissolve in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure. True False
True
Dalton's law states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture. True False
False
Direct gene activation involves a second-messenger system. True False
C Pneumonia is an infection within the lung tissue often accompanied by inflammation. In response to inflammation, the increased permeability of the respiratory membrane results in increased formation of interstitial fluid that enters the alveoli.
During pneumonia, the lungs become "waterlogged"; this means that within the alveoli there is an abnormal accumulation of ______. A) blood B) blood plasma C) interstitial fluid D) water
C
Effects of estrogen include ________. A) deepening of the voice B) growth of the larynx C) growth of the breasts at puberty D) increased oiliness of the skin
D
Enzymes that allow sperm to penetrate the egg are located in the __________ of the sperm cell. A) tail B) midpiece C) mitochondria D) acrosome
B
Excretion of dilute urine requires ________. A) the presence of ADH B) impermeability of the collecting tubule to water C) transport of sodium and chloride ions out of the descending loop of Henle D) relative permeability of the distal tubule to water
A) Location of nucleus B) Acrosome C) Location of mitochondria D) Flagellum
Flagellum Location of nucleus Location of mitochondria Acrosome
True
Gametes are produced by meiosis. True False
B
Gas emboli may occur because a ________. A) person holds his breath too long B) diver holds his breath upon ascent C) person breathes pure oxygen in a pressurized chamber D) pilot holds her breath upon descent
D
Genetic variation of individual chromosomes occurs during __________. A) prophase II B) metaphase I C) anaphase I D) prophase I
False
Glomerular filtration is an ATP-driven process. True False
C
Glycolysis occurs in the __________ of cells and is an __________ process. A) mitochondria; anaerobic B) mitochondria; aerobic C) cytosol; anaerobic D) cytosol; aerobic
False
Growth hormone solely exerts its influence by targeting other endocrine glands to produce hormones. True False
C
How do the testes respond to exposure to excessive body warmth? A) Excessive warmth is actually beneficial in that it speeds up the maturation of sperm. B) They move close to the pelvic cavity. C) They move away from the pelvic cavity. D) Excessive warmth has no effect on the testicles because of their location in the scrotum
B
How does a lymphocyte become immunocompetent? A) Lymphocytes rapidly proliferate to form an army of cells exactly like themselves and bearing the same antigen-specific receptors. B) Lymphocytes must be able to recognize their one specific antigen by binding to it. C) An antigen binds to a particular lymphocyte that has a receptor for it. D) Lymphocytes must be relatively unresponsive to self-antigens so that they do not attack the body's own cells.
B
How is the bulk of carbon dioxide carried in blood? A) As carbonic acid in the plasma B) As the bicarbonate ion in the plasma after first entering the red blood cells C) Chemically combined with the amino acids of hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin in the red blood cells D) Chemically combined with the heme portion of hemoglobin
A
How many functional gametes are produced by oogenesis? A) One functional gamete B) Two functional gametes C) Three functional gametes D) Four functional gametes
D
Human egg and sperm are similar in that ________. A) about the same number of each is produced per month B) they are about the same size C) they have the same degree of motility D) they have the same number of chromosomes
D
Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach? A) Serous cells B) Mucous neck cells C) Chief cells D) Parietal cells
A Hypoxia occurs when a tissue or organ has an insufficient supply of oxygen. Erythropoietin is a hormone that stimulates the maturation of red blood cells in the bone marrow
Hypoxia can be caused by ______. A) hyposecretion of erythropoietin B) having a fever C) slightly elevated level of lactic acid in the blood D) All of the listed responses are correct.
A-Glomerulus B,C, and D-Nephron loop E-Collecting duct
Identify A B, C, and D as one E
B
If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the ________. A) muscularis externa B) serosa C) submucosa D) mucosa
D
In a centrifuged sample of blood, what makes up the buffy coat? A) Plasma B) Red blood cells C) Platelets only D) White blood cells and platelets
B
In a given day, what is the typical value for water intake? A) 250 mL B) 2500 ml C) 1500 ml D) 750 ml
C
In a healthy individual which of the following would be low? A) Preload B) Contractility C) Afterload D) Stroke volume
D
In a patient suffering from a gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori, the cells most likely to have been damaged first are the ______. A) enteroendocrine cells B) parietal cells C) chief cells D) mucous cells
C
In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach ________. A) is the only place where fats are completely digested B) is the first site where absorption takes place C) initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins D) is the first site where chemical digestion of starch takes place
True
In the kidneys, the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate through the loop of Henle of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier) and the flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger). This relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the depths of the medulla that allows the kidneys to vary urine concentration dramatically. True False
C-Same picture as #251
In what part of the renal tubule are aquaporins scarce or absent so that water CANNOT be reabsorbed? A) Collecting duct B) Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) C) Ascending limb of the nephron loop D) Descending limb of the nephron loop
A
Innate immune system defenses include ________. A) phagocytosis B) B cells C) T cells D) plasma cells
B
Into which chamber of the heart do the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus return deoxygenated blood? A) Left ventricle B) Right atrium C) Left atrium D) Right ventricle
B
Intrapulmonary pressure is the ________. A) pressure within the pleural cavity B) pressure within the alveoli of the lungs C) difference between atmospheric pressure and respiratory pressure D) negative pressure in the intrapleural space
True
Labored breathing is termed dyspnea. True False
B
Large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations except the ________. A) inguinal region B) lower extremities C) axillary region D) cervical region
D Sinusoidal capillaries are the most permeable type of capillary due to large intercellular clefts among their endothelial cells. These capillaries allow large molecules-even blood cells-to pass into the surrounding tissue. Sinusoidal capillaries are found in the liver, bone marrow, spleen, and adrenal medulla.
Leaky capillaries found in the bone marrow are called __________. A) arterioles B) continuous capillaries C) fenestrated capillaries D) sinusoidal capillaries
D
Lymph capillaries are absent in all except which of the following? A) CNS B) Bone marrow C) Bones and teeth D) Digestive organs
True
Lymph capillary permeability is due to minivalves and protein filaments. True False
C Interstitial fluid and lymph are the same in composition. Interstitial fluid is renamed lymph as soon as it enters a lymphatic vessel.
Lymph is most similar to __________. A) blood plasma B) saliva C) interstitial fluid D) water
D Lymphatic collecting vessels are most closely associated with capillary beds. The lymphatic collecting vessels direct lymph to the lymph nodes
Lymphatic collecting vessels are most closely associated with __________. A) the heart B) bone marrow C) arterioles D) capillary beds
False
Most ATP in cellular respiration is generated in glycolysis. True False
False
Most gastric ulcers are due to excessive production of hydrochloric acid. True False
A From the terminal lymphatic ducts, lymph rejoins venous circulation via the subclavian veins.
Once collected, lymph is returned to __________. A) venous circulation B) the kidneys for filtration C) arterial circulation D) the liver for detoxification
True
One of the most powerful and plentiful sources of buffers is the protein buffer system. True False
True Female infants are born with primary oocytes that are stalled in prophase I until puberty. At the onset of puberty, the ovaries begin oogenesis. During oogenesis, three polar bodies and one functional gamete are produced. Oogenesis is achieved through meiosis. However, the ovulated secondary oocyte arrests in metaphase II and does not complete meiosis II until it is fertilized.
Oocytes only complete meiosis II if they are fertilized. True False
A
Oxidative deamination takes place in the ________. A) liver B) brain C) muscles D) blood
D
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by ________. A) active transport B) osmosis C) filtration D) diffusion
True
Oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions. True False
C
Peristaltic waves are ________. A) pendular movements of the gastrointestinal tract B) churning movements of the gastrointestinal tract C) waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another D) segmental regions of the gastrointestinal tract
True
Potassium balance is controlled mainly by renal mechanisms. True False
True
Prolonged hyperventilation can cause alkalosis. True False
D
Proteins are digested into __________. A) glycerol B) monosaccharides C) nucleotides D) amino acids
C
Respiratory acidosis can occur when ________. A) a person consumes excessive amounts of antacids B) the kidneys secrete hydrogen ions C) a person's breathing is shallow due to obstruction D) a runner has completed a very long marathon
C
Select the correct statement about lymph transport. A) Lymph transport is faster than that occurring in veins. B) Lymph transport is only necessary when illness causes tissue swelling. C) Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles. D) Under normal conditions, lymph vessels are very high-pressure conduits.
D
Small molecules that bind with self-proteins to produce antigenic substances are called ________. A) ions B) antibodies C) reagins D) haptens
True
Sperm from the male parent determines the gender of the child. True False
True
Substances capable of triggering the adaptive immune system and provoking an immune response are called antigens. True False
C
Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________. A) Protecting the surface of alveoli from dehydration and other environmental variations B) Warming the air before it enters C) Interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid D) Humidifying the air before it enters
D
The "master switch" for male reproductive development is ________. A) presence of testosterone B) lack of an X chromosome C) inhibition of estrogen D) the SRY gene
True
The Pap smear is a test to detect cancerous changes in cells of the cervix. True False
A
The __________ is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal body wall. A) parietal peritoneum B) visceral peritoneum C) omenta D) mesentery
D
The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on ________. A) nothing-all hormones of the human body are able to stimulate any and all cell types because hormones are powerful and nonspecific B) the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ C) the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path D) the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ
B
The ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferens is due to ________. A) hormonal action B) peristaltic contractions C) enzymatic activity D) gravity
D
The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that ________. A) the mature ovum is n, while the sperm is 2n B) spermatogenesis involves mitosis and meiosis, but oogenesis involves meiosis only C) during spermatogenesis two more polar bodies are produced D) in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell
B
The erythrocyte count increases after a while when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because the ________. A) temperature is lower at higher altitudes B) concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is lower at high altitudes C) basal metabolic rate is higher at high altitudes D) concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is higher at higher altitudes
D
The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the ________. A) capsular hydrostatic pressure B) colloid osmotic pressure of the blood C) myogenic mechanism D) glomerular hydrostatic pressure
B
The filtration membrane includes all except ________. A) glomerular endothelium B) renal fascia C) podocytes D) basement membrane
C
The first heart sound (the "lub" of the "lub-dup") is caused by __________. A) opening of the atrioventricular valves B) opening of the semilunar valves C) closure of the atrioventricular valves D) closure of the semilunar valves
B
The fluid that bathes the cells found in tissues is called __________. A) electrolytic fluid B) interstitial fluid C) intracellular fluid D) plasma
True
The functions of the nasal conchae are to enhance the air turbulence in the cavity and to increase the mucosal surface area exposed to the air. True False
D
The heart has __________ chambers and __________ valves. A) four; two B) two; four C) two; two D) four; four
True
The increased use of noncarbohydrate molecules for energy to conserve glucose is called glucose sparing. True False
A
The layers of the heart wall from superficial to deep are: __________. A) epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium B) endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium C) epicardium, endocardium, and myocardium D) myocardium, endocardium, and epicardium
True
The left side of the heart pumps the same volume of blood as the right. True False
A
The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to ________. A) pump blood with greater pressure B) expand the thoracic cage during diastole C) accommodate a greater volume of blood D) pump blood through a smaller valve
A
The local matching of blood flow with ventilation is ________. A) ventilation-perfusion coupling B) chloride shifting C) the Bohr effect D) the Haldane effect
C
The lymphatic capillaries are ________. A) as permeable as blood capillaries B) less permeable than blood capillaries C) more permeable than blood capillaries D) completely impermeable
True
The lymphatic capillaries function to absorb the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream. True False
False
The macula densa cells are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in the urea content of the filtrate. True False
A
The macula densa cells respond to ________. A) changes in solute content of the filtrate B) antidiuretic hormone C) aldosterone D) changes in pressure in the tubule
D
The major means of propelling food through the digestive tract is __________. A) swallowing B) churning C) segmentation D) peristalsis
C
The major nonelastic source of resistance to air flow in the respiratory passageways is ________. A) surface tension B) surfactant C) friction D) air pressure
D
The major targets of growth hormone are ________. A) the blood vessels B) the adrenal glands C) kidneys D) bones and skeletal muscles
C
The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located ________. A) in the oral cavity B) in the glandular tissue that lines the organ lumen C) in the walls of the tract organs D) in the pons and medulla
False
The most abundant cation in intracellular fluid is sodium. True False
A
The most abundant dietary lipids are ________. A) triglycerides B) cholesterol C) fatty acids D) phospholipids
A-Picture Chapter 7 #25
The mucosa collapses inward when the stomach is empty, forming large folds known as __________. A) rugae B) fundus C) pylorus D) cardia
True
The normal pH of blood is 7.35-7.45. True False
True
The olfactory mucosal lining of the nasal cavity contains the receptors for the sense of smell. True False
False
The outermost layer of a blood vessel is the tunica intima. True False
A
The primary function of the uterus is to ________. A) receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum B) regulate the ovarian and menstrual cycles C) protect the ovaries D) synthesize female hormones
False
The primary source of RBCs in the adult human being is the bone marrow in the shafts of the long bones True False
B
The process whereby neutrophils and other white blood cells are attracted to an inflammatory site is called ________. A) diapedesis B) chemotaxis C) phagocytosis D) margination
C
The pulse pressure is ________. A) diastolic pressure plus 1/3 (systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure) B) systolic pressure divided by diastolic pressure C) systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure D) systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure
True
The respiratory burst produced by some macrophages releases free radicals. True False
A
The respiratory membrane is a combination of ________. A) alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes B) respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs C) atria and alveolar sacs D) respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts
A
The role of the coronary arteries is to __________. A) supply blood to the heart tissue B) direct blood to the aorta C) move blood from the atria to the ventricles D) direct blood to the pulmonary veins
True
The secretions of the bulbo-urethral glands neutralize traces of acidic urine in the urethra and serve as a lubricant during sexual intercourse. True False
B
The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the ________. A) coronary veins B) coronary arteries C) coronary sinus D) fossa ovalis
A
The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called the ________. A) uterine tubes B) Graafian follicles C) fimbriae D) infundibula
B
The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II. The function of type II is to ________. A) trap dust and other debris B) secrete surfactant C) replace mucus in the alveoli D) protect the lungs from bacterial invasion
False
There are no complete proteins. All animal products should be eaten with plant material to make a complete protein. True False
False
Viable sperm production is optimal at the body's core temperature. True False
D
Virtually all of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through intracellular ________. A) deactivating ions B) calcium C) nucleotides D) second messengers
True
Water reabsorption through the proximal convoluted tubule is termed obligatory water reabsorption, whereas water reabsorption through the distal convoluted tubule is termed facultative water reabsorption. True False
C
What are B and T cells called that have not yet been exposed to an antigen? A) Clone B) Immunocompetent C) Naive D) Self-tolerant
B
What causes normal heart sounds? A) Pressure of blood in the ventricles B) Heart valve closure C) Opening of heart valves D) Cardiac muscle contraction
B
What determines the gender (sex) of a child? A) Hormones produced by the mother B) Sex chromosomes C) Autosomes D) Hormones produced by the father
B
What determines the respiratory rhythm in the body? A) Hering-Breuer stretch reflexes B) Medullary respiratory centers C) Oxygen levels in the blood D) Pontine respiratory centers
A
What event occurs during the proliferative phase? (Picture D) A) Ovulation B) Menstruation C) Enrichment of the blood supply and glandular secretions prepare for reception of an embryo D) Stratum functionalis is shed
B
What gland secretes growth hormone? A) Thyroid gland B) Anterior pituitary (lobe) C) Posterior pituitary (lobe) D) Adrenal cortex
B-Picture Chapter 9 #1
What hormone promotes active tubular secretion of potassium ions in the late distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and collecting ducts? A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B) Aldosterone C) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) D) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C
What is hematocrit a measure of? A) Hematocrit is the percentage of formed elements in a whole blood sample. B) Hematocrit is the percentage of plasma in a whole blood sample. C) Hematocrit is the percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample. D) Hematocrit is the percentage of leukocytes and platelets in a whole blood sample.
A
What is required for the production of anterior pituitary gland hormones? A) Hormonal stimuli B) Humoral stimuli C) Neural stimuli (from the sympathetic division of the ANS) D) All of these
A
What is the average normal pH range of blood? A) 7.35-7.45 B) 8.35-8.45 C) 7.75-7.85 D) 4.65-4.75
A
What is the driving force for water intake? A) Thirst B) Aldosterone C) Glucose concentration D) ADH
C
What is the effect of hyperventilation on pH? A) Metabolic alkalosis B) Respiratory acidosis C) Respiratory alkalosis D) Metabolic acidosis
C
What is the function of the blood testis barrier? A) To provide only select nutrients to the developing sperm B) To filter out male sex hormones C) To prevent activation of the immune system of the male against the developing sperm D) To ensure that semen only contains sperm and seminal fluid
C
What is the function of the macula densa cells of the juxtaglomerular complex (JGC)? A) The macula densa cells produce filtrate. B) The macula densa cells pass regulatory signals between the extraglomerular mesangial cells. C) The macula densa cells monitor the NaCl content of the filtrate entering the distal convoluted tubule. D) The macula densa cells sense blood pressure in the afferent arteriole.
D
What is the major digestive function of the pancreas? A) Production of bicarbonate ions B) Production of insulin C) Production of glucagon D) Production of digestive enzymes
C
What is the most common method of carbon dioxide transport? A) Chemically bound to hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin B) Chemically bound to hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin C) As bicarbonate ions in the plasma D) Dissolved in the plasma
C-Picture Chapter 11 #36
What is the pigmented ring of skin situated slightly below the center of each breast? A) Sebaceous glands B) Lactiferous ducts C) Areola D) Lobe
A The lymph capillaries owe their permeability to the mini-valves formed by the lack of tight junctions between the endothelial cells and the collagen filaments anchoring the endothelial cells to surrounding structures.
What is the role of the mini-valves in lymph capillaries? A) Increase permeability B) Reduce pressure in the lymphatic capillary C) Speed transport D) Connect to blood capillaries
A-Picture
What layer can change blood vessel diameter by vasodilation and vasoconstriction? A) Tunica media B) Vasa vasorum C) Tunica externa D) Tunica intima
A
What part of the body does erythropoietin (EPO) target to increase erythropoiesis? A) Bone marrow B) Liver C) Lungs D) Kidneys
D-Same as 308
What part of the female duct system is the usual site of fertilization of the ovulated oocyte? A) Cervical canal B) Vagina C) Uterus D) Uterine (fallopian) tube (oviduct)
B-Picture Chapter 6 #28
What part of the larynx covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing to keep food out of the lower respiratory passages? A) Thyroid cartilage B) Epiglottis C) Vocal folds D) Glottis
D
What part of the pathway to produce platelets is shared with other formed elements? A) Reticulocyte B) Megakaryoblast C) Lymphoid stem cell D) Hematopoietic stem cell (hemocytoblast)
D
What role of the stomach is essential to life? A) Production of chyme B) Production of hydrochloric acid C) Production of VIP D) Production of intrinsic factor
D
What solute in body fluids determines most of their chemical and physical reactions? A) Water B) Nonelectrolytes C) Glucose D) Electrolytes
D
What structural modification of the small intestine slows the movement of chyme through the lumen? A) Microvilli B) Villi C) Lacteals D) Circular folds
C
What structures connect the individual heart muscle cells? A) Anastomoses B) Trabaculae carneae C) Intercalated discs D) Chordae tendineae
A
What two structures constitute the renal corpuscle? A) Glomerulus and glomerular (Bowman's) capsule B) Renal tubule and collecting duct C) Glomerulus and renal tubule D) Proximal convoluted tubule and nephron loop
C-Picture
What type of tissue is commonly found in all lymphoid organs and tissues (except the thymus)? A) Elastic connective tissue B) Elastic cartilage connective tissue C) Reticular connective tissue D) Areolar connective tissue
C The arteries contain elastic tissue because they receive blood under great pressure. They are pressure reservoirs, expanding and recoiling as blood is ejected from the heart. Capillaries are very thin, consisting of just a tunica intima, functioning as sites of gas and nutrient exchange between the blood and tissues. Large venules have one or two layers of smooth muscle cells (a scanty tunica media) and a thin tunica externa. Veins have all three tunics, but their walls are always thinner and their lumens larger than those of corresponding arteries.
What type of tissue is found in the walls of the arteries but not in the walls of capillaries and venules? A) Smooth muscle B) Endothelium C) Elastic tissue D) Collagen fibers
D-Picture
What type of vessel has relatively little smooth muscle or elastin in the tunica media, a large lumen (average of 5.0 mm in diameter), and thin walls (average of 0.5 mm)? A) Arteriole B) Venule C) Muscular artery D) vein
A-picture
When a person has an acute bacterial infection, such as meningitis or appendicitis, which type of leukocyte increases in number? A) Neutrophils B) Eosinophils C) Basophils D) Lymphocytes
C
When oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, what bright red molecule is formed? A) Carbaminohemoglobin B) Deoxyhemoglobin C) Oxyhemoglobin D) Hematocrit
D
When proteins undergo deamination, the waste substance found in the urine is mostly________. A) ammonia B) ketone bodies C) acetyl CoA D) urea
C
When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by ________. A) locating the apex B) tracing out where the auricles connect C) noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls D) finding the papillary muscles
C
When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called ________. A) secretion B) mechanical digestion C) chemical digestion D) absorption
C
Where are the hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stored? Select from letters A-D.
D-Picture
Where are worn-out erythrocytes found in the spleen? A) White pulp B) Splenic cords C) Capsule D) Red pulp
B-Picture Chapter 6 #14
Where does gas exchange occur in the respiratory system? A) Trachea B) Alveoli C) Terminal bronchioles D) Lobar (secondary) bronchi
A
Where in the nephron does most solute reabsorption occur? A) Proximal convoluted tubule B) Distal convoluted tubule C) Collecting duct D) Glomerulus
C
Which age group most commonly has fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance issues? A) Growing children B) Young adults C) Infants D) The elderly
B
Which capillary bed produces filtrate? A) Juxtaglomerular complex (JGC) B) Glomerulus C) Peritubular capillaries D) Vasa recta
B
Which cells mature in the thymus? A) Memory cells B) T cells C) B cells D) Effector cells
C-Picture Chapter 10 #3
Which cells produce androgens such as testosterone? A) Sustentocytes (Sertoli cells) B) Spermatogenic cells C) Interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells D) Myoid cells
B-Picture Chapter 10 #13
Which chemical buffer system is the only important system in the extracellular fluid (ECF) that resists short-term changes in pH? A) Physiological buffering systems B) Bicarbonate buffer system C) Protein buffer system D) Phosphate buffer system
B
Which food type is considered to be the most important for athletes to eat to improve performance? A) Plant proteins B) Complex carbohydrates C) Animal proteins D) Simple sugars
B-Picture
Which functional feature best describes the manner in which cardiac muscle contracts? A) Refractory periods in cardiac contractions are relatively short. B) Automaticity (autorhythmicity) promotes the spontaneous contraction of the cardiac muscle cells. C) Nerve fibers must stimulate cardiac muscle cells for them to contract. D) Only some motor units contract in cardiac muscle.
C-Picture
Which immunoglobulin class can cross the placenta to provide naturally acquired passive immunity to the fetus? A) IgD B) IgM C) IgG D) IgA
A-Picture Chapter 7 #18
Which layer of the alimentary canal contains the nerve supply of the enteric neurons that regulate digestive system activity? A) Submucosa B) Mucosa C) Serosa D) Muscularis externa
C
Which layer of the uterus is the site for implantation of a fertilized egg? A) Myometrium B) Stratum basalis of the endometrium C) Stratum functionalis of the endometrium D) Perimetrium
B
Which lymphoid organ is primarily active during the early years of life? Select from letters A-D
A
Which mechanism occurs when antibodies block specific sites on viruses or bacterial exotoxins? A) Neutralization B) Precipitation C) Complement fixation and activation D) Agglutination
A
Which mechanism of antibody action results in cell lysis? A) Complement fixation and activation B) Neutralization C) Agglutination D) Precipitation
D-Picture same as 155
Which muscles are activated during normal quiet inspiration? A) Diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles B) Oblique and transversus muscles C) Scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, and pectoralis minor muscles D) Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
D
Which of the choices below are the most important hormone regulators of electrolyte reabsorption and secretion? A) Angiotensin II and ADH B) Angiotensin I and epinephrine C) Angiotensin I and atrial natriuretic peptide D) Angiotensin II and aldosterone
B
Which of the choices below describes the pathway of cellular respiration (the complete oxidation of glucose)? A) Lipolysis, glycogenolysis, beta oxidation B) Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation C) gluconeogenesis, Krebs cycle, lipolysis D) Glycogenesis, lipogenesis, electron transport chain
B
Which of the choices below determines the direction of respiratory gas movement? A) Solubility in water B) Partial pressure gradient C) Molecular weight and size of the gas molecule D) The temperature
D
Which of the choices below explains why the arterioles are known as resistance vessels? A) They distribute blood to various parts of the body. B) They contain a large quantity of elastic tissue. C) Their prime function is the exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissue cells. D) The contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in their walls can change their diameter.
B
Which of the choices below is not a factor that promotes oxygen binding to and dissociation from hemoglobin? A) Partial pressure of oxygen B) Number of red blood cells C) Temperature D) Partial pressure of carbon dioxide
C
Which of the choices below is not a function of testosterone? A) Contributes to male sexual behavior and spermatogenesis B) Stimulates the male pattern of development C) Stimulates mammary gland development D) Stimulates protein synthesis
C
Which of the choices below is not a role of the pleura? A) Helps limit the spread of local infections B) Helps divide the thoracic cavity into three chambers C) Aids in blood flow to and from the heart because the heart sits between the lungs D) Allows the lungs to inflate and deflate without friction
B
Which of the choices below is the salt level-monitoring part of the nephron? A) Loop of Henle B) Macula densa C) Principal cell D) Vasa recta
D
Which of the following are functions of lymphoid tissue? A) House and provide a proliferation site for lymphocytes B) House and provide a proliferation site for neutrophils C) Furnish an ideal surveillance vantage point for lymphocytes and macrophages D) A and C
B Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells that engulf antigens and then present fragments of them to their own surfaces, where they can be recognized by T cells.
Which of the following cells engulf antigens and present fragments of them on their own surfaces, where they can be recognized by cells that will deal with them? A) NK cells B) dendritic cells C) T lymphocytes D) CD8 cells
C-Picture Chapter 11 #34
Which of the following cells is returned to the basal lamina to continue the pool of dividing germ cells? A) Primary spermatocyte B) Secondary spermatocyte C) Type A daughter cell or spermatogonium D) Type B daughter cell
D
Which of the following chemicals does not help regulate blood pressure? A) Atrial natriuretic peptide B) ADH C) Angiotensin II D) Nitric acid
A
Which of the following conditions or scenarios increases the respiratory rate? A) Acidosis B) Hypocapnia C) Increasing partial pressure of oxygen D) Alkalosis
C
Which of the following does NOT stimulate erythrocyte production? A) A drop in normal blood oxygen levels B) Erythropoietin C) Hyperventilating D) Testosterone
D
Which of the following does not depend on the presence of electrolytes? A) Membrane polarity B) Neuromuscular excitability C) Maintenance of osmotic relations between cells and ECF D) Amount of body fat
C
Which of the following does not influence hemoglobin saturation? A) Carbon dioxide B) BPG C) Nitric oxide D) Temperature
D
Which of the following does not occur in the mitochondria? A) Formation of malic acid from fumaric acid B) Electron transport C) Krebs cycle D) Glycolysis
A-Picture Chapter 6 #5
Which of the following gives the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas? A) Boyle's law B) Dalton's law of partial pressures C) Haldane effect D) Henry's law
D
Which of the following glands are responsible for about 70% of the volume of semen? A) The prostate B) The pituitary C) The bulbo-urethral glands D) The seminal glands
A
Which of the following hormones helps the body avoid dehydration and water overload? A) Antidiuretic hormone B) Follicle-stimulating hormone C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone D) Oxytocin
B
Which of the following hormones mainly serves to stimulate milk production by the breasts? A) Follicle-stimulating hormone B) Prolactin C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone D) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
A
Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? A) Hormone production B) Regulation C) Distribution D) Protection
B
Which of the following is NOT a major type of stimulus that triggers endocrine glands to manufacture and release hormones? A) Neural B) Enzymatic C) Humoral D) Hormonal
D
Which of the following is NOT a major urine formation process? A) Tubular secretion B) Glomerular filtration C) Tubular reabsorption D) Micturition
C
Which of the following is NOT a physical factor that influences pulmonary ventilation? A) Lung compliance B) Alveolar surface tension C) Partial pressure of oxygen in the air D) Airway resistance
D
Which of the following is NOT a property of endocrine glands? A) They drain lymphatically. B) They produce hormones. C) They drain vascularly. D) They have ducts.
C
Which of the following is NOT an endocrine gland? A) Thyroid B) Pituitary C) Adenoid D) Adrenal
D Total blood volume is not an important source of resistance to blood flow. However, blood volume does have a direct effect on blood pressure.
Which of the following is NOT an important source of resistance to blood flow? A) Vessel length B) Blood viscosity C) Vessel diameter D) Total blood volume
B
Which of the following is NOT involved in triggering the thirst mechanism? A) Osmoreceptors detect increased osmolality B) Increase in blood pressure C) Decrease in blood volume D) Dry mouth
D
Which of the following is a hormone produced by the posterior pituitary? A) HGH B) Oxytocin C) ADH D) None of these
B Renal mechanisms mediate the long-term control of blood pressure by counteracting fluctuations in blood pressure by altering blood volume. For example, if blood pressure is too low, more water will be reabsorbed to the blood from the kidney, thus increasing blood volume and blood pressure.
Which of the following is a long-term mechanism for maintaining blood pressure? A) Hormonal control of peripheral resistance B) Renal regulation C) Baroceptor-initiated reflexes D) Chemoreceptor-initiated reflexes
A
Which of the following is a part of the second line of defense against microorganisms? A) Phagocytes B) Gastric juice C) Cilia D) Keratin
D
Which of the following is a protective function of blood? A) Maintenance of adequate fluid volume B) Maintenance of body temperature C) Maintenance of normal pH in body tissue D) Prevention of blood loss
C Interferons (IFNs) are a group of proteins that have antiviral effects. IFNs activate macrophages and mobilize natural killer cells (NK cells) as well. They also have an anticancer role.
Which of the following is a role of interferons (IFNs)? A) IFNs activate helper T cells by presenting antigens. B) IFNs stimulate antibody production in response to a bacterial infection. C) IFNs help the body combat viral infections. D) IFNs stimulate the release of histamine.
C
Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin? A) Vitamin D B) Vitamin A C) Vitamin B D) Vitamin K
A
Which of the following is an INCORRECT matching of female reproductive structures with their functions? A) Uterine tube/transport unfertilized ovum to uterus for removal from the body B) Uterus/the womb (area of development of the fetus) C) Vagina/birth canal D) Ovarian follicle/ovum (egg) production
C
Which of the following is best suited to the clotting process that occurs when blood vessels are ruptured? A) Megakaryoblast B) Lymphocytes C) Platelets D) Megakaryocyte
A
Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes? A) They are nucleated. B) They are the most numerous of the formed elements in blood. C) They have cytoplasmic granules. D) They are phagocytic.
B-Same as 303
Which of the following is housed within the spermatic cord? A) Seminiferous tubules B) Testicular arteries and veins C) Epididymis D) Rete testis
A Long-term control of blood pressure is achieved through direct and indirect renal (kidney) control mechanisms.
Which of the following is involved in long-term blood pressure regulation? A) Renal mechanisms B) Chemoreceptor reflexes C) Higher brain center D) Baroreceptors
D
Which of the following is not a change typically produced by a hormonal stimulus? A) Alters plasma membrane permeability B) Induces secretory activity C) Activates or deactivates enzymes D) Stimulates production of an action potential
B
Which of the following is not a chemical buffer system? A) Bicarbonate B) Nucleic acid C) Protein D) Phosphate
A
Which of the following is not a distribution function of blood? A) Transport of salts to maintain blood volume B) Delivery of oxygen to body cells C) Transport of metabolic wastes from cells D) Transport of hormones to their target organs
D
Which of the following is not a function of the inflammatory response? A) Prevents the spread of the injurious agent to nearby tissue B) Sets the stage for repair processes C) Disposes of cellular debris and pathogens D) Replaces injured tissues with connective tissue
C
Which of the following is not a part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus? A) Granular cells B) Mesangial cells C) Podocyte cells D) Macula densa
C
Which of the following is not a phase of gastric secretion? A) Gastric B) Intestinal C) Enterogastric D) Cephalic
B
Which of the following is not a stimulus for breathing? A) Arterial Po2 below 60 mm Hg B) Rising blood pressure C) Rising carbon dioxide levels D) Acidosis resulting from CO2 retention
D
Which of the following is not an event necessary to supply the body with O2 and dispose of CO2? A) Pulmonary ventilation B) External respiration C) Internal respiration D) Blood pH adjustment
D Veins have valves; arteries do not. Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
Which of the following is true about veins? A) Veins are more muscular than arteries. B) Veins have a smaller diameter lumen than arteries. C) Veins carry blood away from the heart, while arteries carry blood to the heart. D) Veins have valves; arteries do not.
D
Which of the following is true about veins? A) Veins have a small lumen in relation to the thickness of the vessel wall. B) Venous valves are formed from the tunica media. C) Up to 35% of total body blood is in venous circulation at any given time. D) Veins are called capacitance vessels or blood reservoirs.
C The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not contain reticular connective tissue.
Which of the following lymphoid tissues/organs does NOT contain reticular connective tissue? A) Lymph nodes B) Tonsils C) Thymus D) Spleen
B
Which of the following mechanisms produces the most ATP during cellular respiration? A) Oxidation reactions B) Oxidative phosphorylation C) Substrate-level phosphorylation D) Lactic acid production
B
Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis? A) Decreased tissue demand for oxygen B) Hypoxia of EPO-producing cells C) Moving to a lower altitude D) An increased number of RBCs
B
Which of the following modifies and smoothes the respiratory pattern? A) Diencephalon B) Pontine respiratory centers C) Dorsal respiratory group (DRG) D) Ventral respiratory group (VRG)
A
Which of the following nutrients yield the highest amount of energy per gram when metabolized? A) Fats B) Vitamins and minerals C) Proteins D) Foods and beverages high in caffeine
A
Which of the following occurs as a result of undescended testes? A) Inadequate or nonviable sperm will be produced. B) Male sex hormones will not be circulated in the body. C) Inadequate blood supply will retard the development of the testes. D) Sperm will have no means of exit from the body.
C
Which of the following occurs in situations where more than one hormone produces the same effects at the target cell and their combined effects are amplified? A) Permissiveness B) Antagonism C) Synergism D) Summation
C
Which of the following provide the greatest surface area for gas exchange? A) Alveolar ducts B) respiratory bronchioles C) Alveoli D) Alveolar sacs
B
Which of the following qualifies as a fully saturated hemoglobin molecule? A) Hemoglobin is transporting two oxygen molecules B) Hemoglobin is transporting four oxygen molecules C) Hemoglobin is transporting one oxygen molecule D) Hemoglobin is transporting three oxygen molecules
D
Which of the following respiratory rates illustrates eupnea for an average, healthy adult at rest? A) 25 breaths per minute B) 120 breaths per minute C) 60 breaths per minute D) 15 breaths per minute
B-Same as 334
Which of the following results from spermiogenesis? A) Spermatid B) Sperm C) Spermatogonium or type A daughter cell. D) Secondary spermatocyte
C
Which of the following statements best describes complete protein? A) Derived from meat and fish only B) Meets all the minimum daily requirements for a healthy diet C) Must contain all the body's amino acid requirements for maintenance and growth D) Derived only from legumes and other plant material
A It does not occur immediately upon the body's exposure to the foreign material. It takes time for the body to mount an adaptive immune response, particularly longer upon a first exposure to the foreign material.
Which of the following statements does NOT describe the adaptive immune response? A) It occurs immediately after the body is challenged by foreign material. B) It is systemic. C) It is specific. D) It has memory.
B Veins and lymphatic collecting vessels both have valves, but lymphatic vessels have more valves than do veins. Veins also have specialized endothelial flap valves, which allow them to more readily collect fluid from the interstitial space.
Which of the following statements is true regarding veins versus lymphatic collecting vessels? A) Veins tend to form more branches (anastamoses) than do lymphatic vessels. B) Veins have fewer internal valves than do lymphatic vessels. C) Veins have thinner walls than do lymphatic vessels. D) Veins and lymphatic vessels have a different number of tunics.
A
Which of the following statements regarding NK cells is a false or incorrect statement? A) NK cells are a type of neutrophil. B) NK cells attack cancer cells and virus-infected body cells. C) NK cells are present in the blood, spleen, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow. D) NK cells attack cells that display abnormal MHC antigens.
A Sympathetic stimulation (i.e., exercise) can lead to the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, both of which increase heart rate. (First one adding extra info)
Which of the following would increase heart rate? A) Epinephrine B) Parasympathetic C) Stimulation D) Cold temperature D) Low metabolic rate
D
Which of these lymphoid organs destroys bacteria before it can breach the intestinal wall and generates "memory" lymphocytes for long-term memory? Select from letters A-D.
A
Which of these statements about sexually transmitted infections is false? A) Syphilis is caused by a virus that may lead to death if untreated. B) Gonorrhea is caused by a bacterium that can bring on painful discharges in males. C) Chlamydia is caused by bacteria that can often be asymptomatic or bring on a wide variety of symptoms. D) Genital herpes is caused by a virus that may cause intermittent lesions.
A
Which parts of the respiratory system function as the main sites of gas exchange? A) Alveoli B) Primary bronchi C) Terminal bronchioles D) Trachea
B
Which portion of the electrocardiogram represents the depolarization wave received from the sinoatrial (SA) node through the atria? A) QRS complex B) P wave C) T wave D) S-T segment
C-Picture Chapter 11 #6
Which portion of the penis is removed through a procedure known as circumcision? A) Bulb of the penis B) Crus of the penis C) Prepuce (foreskin) D) Glans penis
A-Picture Chapter 9 #20
Which pressure is the chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood and across the filtration membrane of the glomerulus? A) Hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries (HPgc) B) Colloid osmotic pressure in glomerular capillaries (OPgc) C) Hydrostatic pressure in the capsular space (HPcs) D) Colloid osmotic pressure in the capsular space
D
Which statement best describes arteries? A) All contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood. B) Only large arteries are lined with endothelium. C) All carry oxygenated blood to the heart. D) All carry blood away from the heart
B-Picture chapter 11 #9
Which structure of the female's external genitalia has erectile tissue like the penis? A) Labia majora B) Clitoris C) Mons pubis D) Vulva
B
Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation? A) Tunica intima B) Tunica media C) Tunica adventitia D) Tunica externa
A
Why is a patient with tuberculosis often noncompliant with treatment? A) Due to the time length of treatment, the patient may stop taking the medication when they start to feel better. B) Due to the psychological side effects of the antibiotic used, the patient may stop taking the medication when they start to feel better. C) TB infection causes damage to the nervous system, resulting in changes in personality and judgment. D) Due to the physiological side effects of the antibiotic used, the patient may stop taking the medication when they start to feel better.
B
With the Bohr effect, more oxygen is released because a(n) ________. A) increase in pH (alkalosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond B) decrease in pH (acidosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond C) increase in pH (alkalosis) strengthens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond D) decrease in pH (acidosis) strengthens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond
B
__________ are considered "bad" cholesterol; high blood levels are believed to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. A) VLDLs B) LDLs C) HDLs D) Chylomicrons
B Natural immunity is achieved through natural, non-manmade means. Natural passive immunity occurs when an individual gets antibodies from another source--they are not self-made. In the case of a nursing infant, the process is natural and the baby is protected by antibodies received from the mother.
__________ immunity protects a baby who is fed breast milk. A) Artificial active B) Natural passive C) Artificial passive D) Natural active
A
__________ is the key hormone regulator of the absorptive state. A) Insulin B) Glucagon C) Parathyroid hormone D) Cortisol
B
__________ refers to reactions in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules. A) Metabolism B) Catabolism C) Carboxylation D) Anabolism
