A&P 232

Which of the following is a true statement: The vestibule contains receptors for rotational acceleration The Organ of Corti is contained within the scala tympani The membranous labyrinth contains perilymph None of these are true

None of these are true

A number of these cells converge and synapse with a single bipolar cell Bipolar Cells Cones Rods Ganglion Cells

Rods

The first 5 weeks of spring term are over. You're so happy that you can't help but do cartwheels out on the grass, which of the following sensory organs is being primarily stimulated: lateral semicircular canal vestibule cochlea none of these anterior semicircular canal

none of these

The oval window opens into the: perilymph filled scala vestibuli endolymph filled scala tympani Eustachian tube endolymph filled scala vestibuli perilymph filled scala tympani

perilymph filled scala vestibuli

Which of the following is false concerning rods: they contain enzymes that convert all-trans-retinal to 11-cis-retinal they become bleached upon exposure to light they allow us to see movement and discriminate shapes they do not allow for colored or sharp vision they contain a photopigment called rhodopsin

they contain enzymes that convert all-trans-retinal to 11-cis-retinal

5. According to current understanding, which of the following may not ligate a taste bud receptor, or enter a leak channel for taste transduction: inorganic salts triglycerides sugar hydrogen ions alkaloids

triglycerides

2. Which of the following tastes is elicited by L-glutamate and other associated amino acids salt bitter sour umami sweet

umami

In this sensory organ the hairs of the receptor cells project into a gelatinous membrane weighted down with calcium carbonate crystals. Action potential production increases when stereocilia are bent one direction, but the receptor becomes hyperpolarized when the stereocilia are bent the other direction. semicircular canals fungiform papillae none of these Organ of Corti utricle

utricle

To correct for the myopic eye you would choose a: concave lens which diverges light concave lens which converges light convex lens which diverges light convex lens which converges light

concave lens which diverges light

Cells that allow for general shape perception: Bipolar Cells Rods Cones Ganglion Cells

Rods

Cells that are highly sensitive to light energy Bipolar Cells Ganglion Cells Rods Cones

Rods

While riding the elevator it makes a sudden rapid descent, which of the following receptors allowed you to discern this: none of these Organ of Corti saccule utricle cupula

Saccule

8. What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye? cornea fovea retina iris lens

iris

4. Which of the following are found primarily on the back of the tongue: ganglionic papillae fungiform papillae circumvallate papillae the back of the tongue does not contain taste buds

circumvallate papillae

Which of the following statements is true concerning the cornea? it adjusts to focus light it is part of the sensory tunic it is avascular it part of the vascular tunic

it is avascular

Which of the following is attached to the tympanic membrane stapes incus malleus talus

malleus

Which of the following is false concerning cones: under normal conditions their photopigment discs are phagocytized at night they contain blue, green and red photopigments many cones converge and synapse with a single bipolar cell they allow for color vision

many cones converge and synapse with a single bipolar cell

Cells best suited for vision in dim light or night vision Ganglion Cells Rods Cones Bipolar Cells

Rods

Cells used for colored vision: Ganglion Cells Cones Rods Bipolar Cells

Cones

These cells contain blue, green and red photopigments: Bipolar Cells Rods Cones Ganglion Cells

Cones

Under normal conditions the photopigment discs of these cells are phagocytized at night Bipolar Cells Rods Cones Ganglion Cells

Cones

Which of the following is the correct neuronal order for transducing optic sensory information: Ganglion cells, Bipolar cells, Photoreceptors Photoreceptors, Ganglion cells, Bipolar cells Photoreceptors, Bipolar cells, Ganglion cells Ganglion cells, Bipolar cells, Photoreceptors Bipolar cells, Photoreceptors, Ganglion cells

Photoreceptors, Bipolar cells, Ganglion cells

TASTE (Gustatory)

Taste buds are specialized epithelial cells that are the sensory receptor organs for taste. The connective tissue elevations on the tongue which contains the taste buds, and give the upper surface of the tongue its rough appearance are called papillae. Circumvallate papillae: The largest type; circular and form an inverted V-shaped row at the posterior portion of the tongue. Consist of 8-12 papillae. Fungiform papillae: Knoblike elevations formed primarily on the tip and sides on the tongue. Specialized epithelium, forms a capsule and insulating the enclosed chemoreceptors from the surrounding connective tissue. Inside each capsule are 6-18 gustatory cells, which contain long microvilli called gustatory hairs. These gustatory hairs extend to the external surface through a taste pore in order to make contact with taste stimuli. These microvilli are the receptor membranes of the gustatory cells Molecules dissolved in saliva and interact with gustatory cells receptor to stimulate the cell. The higher the concentration of a given molecule the more intense is its perceived taste. There are five basic taste sensations: Sweet, sour, bitter, salty and umami. All other tastes are actually odors. E.g. - coffee; chocolate; pepper are all odors and not tastes.

Which of the following is a false statement: The cochlear duct lies between the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani The Organ of Corti is contained within the scala vestibuli The lower the pitch of a sound the further it travels up the scala vestibuli The scala vestibuli contains perilymph

The Organ of Corti is contained within the scala vestibuli

7. Which of the following is a false statement: The function of the lens of the eye is to diverge light rays The vascular tunic of the eye includes the ciliary body. The vascular tunic includes the choroid The conjunctiva covers the exposed surface of the eye except for the cornea

The function of the lens of the eye is to diverge light rays

1. Which of the following is true regarding olfaction? The axons of the mitral cell extend down through the cribriform plates The glomeruli are contained within the olfactory bulbs Just like the five ligands that allow for taste perception there are an equal number of known ligands that initiate olfactory perception The olfactory senses can detect only about 8-10 discrete odors

The glomeruli are contained within the olfactory bulbs

Which of the following is true regarding bleaching reaction: Upon exposure to light 11-cis-retinal is converted to all-trans-retinal and disassociates from opsin Upon exposure to light all-trans-retinal is converted to 11-cis-retinal by phosphodiesterase In the absence of light 11-cis-retinal is converted to all-trans-retinal All-trans-retinal is converted to 11-cis-retinal as light passes through rhodopsin

Upon exposure to light 11-cis-retinal is converted to all-trans-retinal and disassociates from opsin

Which of the following is false regarding phototransduction: retinal disassociates from opsin during hyperpolarization of photoreceptors photoreceptors are depolarized in the absence of adequate stimuli photoreceptors are hyperpolarized by their adequate stimuli in the dark Ca 2+ gates close on the photoreceptor

in the dark Ca 2+ gates close on the photoreceptor

6. The fibrous tunic includes the: sclera neural layer choroid ciliary body

sclera

3. This taste is perceived when H+ ions enter produce closure of K+ channels sour sweet salt bitter umami

sour

Which of the following is true concerning accommodation for near vision: the ciliary muscle relaxes, loosening the suspensory ligaments and allows the lens to bulge the ciliary muscle contracts, tightening the suspensory ligaments and allows the lens to bulge the ciliary muscle relaxes, tightening the suspensory ligaments and flattening the lens the ciliary muscle contracts, loosening the suspensory ligaments and allows the lens to bulge the ciliary muscle contracts, tightening the suspensory ligaments and flattening the lens

the ciliary muscle contracts, loosening the suspensory ligaments and allows the lens to bulge

Which of the following statements is true: the curvature of the lens allows for adjustable light refraction the curvature of the cornea allows for adjustable light refraction the curvature of the lens allows for adjustable light reflection the curvature of the cornea allows for adjustable light reflection

the curvature of the lens allows for adjustable light refraction