A&P Ch 5

The following events are part of the skin repair process. In which order to they occur. 1. phagocytosis of pathogens and debris 2. formation of scar tissue 3. inflammatory response 4. formation of scab

3,4,1,2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integument?

conduction of electrical impulses

The two major types of tissue that make up the skin are

connective and epithelial

The dermis consists of which major tissue type?

connective tissue

Identify the order of layers that a piece of glass would puncture as it passes through the skin on the palm of the hand.

corneum, lucidium, granulosum, spinosum, basale, dermal papillae

Why would the ink of permanent tattoos be deposited in the dermis, and not the epidermis of the skin?

the epidermis is continually replaced by new cells as old cells are shed

When the arrector pili muscle is stimulated, it pulls on the hair follicle, causing

the hair to stand up ("goose bumps")

Which of the following structures is responsible for the interconnections of the integument with the rest of the body?

all of the above (an extensive lymphatic network, an extensive circulatory system, a rich supply of sensory nerve endings)

Which of the following glands and descriptions are mismatched?

apocrine; water-based sweat

Which of the following statements about the hypodermis is FALSE?

it is quite rigid

The protein that contributes to many of the skin's protective qualities is called

keratin

Which method(s) of secretion characterize(s) apocrine sweat glands?

merocrine

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

movement

What is the deepest epidermal layer called?

stratum basale

The folding over of which integumentary layer forms the cuticle?

stratum corneum

In which epidermal layer have the cells stopped dividing and have begun making large amounts of keratin?

stratum granulosum

A burn that destroys the epidermis as well as the hair follicles is classified as a

third-degree burn

What color can the product of melanocytes be?

any of the above (brown, yellow-brown, black)

The hypodermis consists of which tissue type?

areolar tissue

Which of the following structures is/are associated with the base of each hair follicle?

capillaries and nerves

Which of the following substances is converted to vitamin A, which is required for normal epithelial tissue maintenance?

carotene

Glands that are located in the passageway of the external ear are called

ceruminous glands

Which of the following is/are the reason(s) hairs turn gray or white as we age?

decreased melanocyte activity

During step 4 of skin repair, which cells in the dermis continue to create scar tissue?

fibroblasts

Stimulation of the arrector pili muscle results in

goose bumps

Which extremely durable and water-resistant chemical forms the basic structure of hair, calluses, and nails?

keratin

The pale crescent of half-moon at the base of the nail is called the

lunula

Coiled tubular glands that discharge their secretions onto the surface of the skin are called

merocrine sweat glands

Upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation, cells in which two epidermal layers convert a steroid into vitamin D3?

stratum spinosum and stratum basale

What structure separates and insulates the integument from the rest of the body?

subcutaneous layer

Squamous cell carcinoma involves

superficial epidermal cells

An increase in the rate of malignant melanomas is likely due to which of the following?

global atmospheric ozone depletion

Which of the following is the site of nail production?

nail root

How would you explain to your roommate, who has never taken an A&P class, why it is that a superficial cut hurts less than a deep cut?

Nerve fibers are located in the reticular layer of the dermis of the skin

Identify the structures that are responsible for the stretching of the skin during pregnancy.

elastic fibers found in the reticular layer of the dermis

Which of the following structures are responsible for the formation of fingerprints?

epidermal ridges and dermal papillae

The cuticle is also known as which of the following?

eponychium

Which part of a hair can be seen on the surface of the skin?

hair shaft

The loose connective tissue that separates the integument from deeper tissues and organs is called the

hypodermic or subcutaneous layer

Which of the following can contain large quantities of adipose tissue, muscle cells, blood vessels, nerve cells and no vital organs?

hypodermis

In which of the epidermal layers are the cells undergoing mitosis?

Stratum basale

Each time a stem cell divides, one of the resulting daughter cells enters which of the following layers?

stratum spinosum

In which type of burn are the superficial cells of the epidermis destroyed, and the deeper layers of the epidermis plus the papillary dermis are injured?

a first-degree burn

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE regarding skin color?

a person's skin color depends on the number of melanocytes present in the epidermis

Which of the following is an oil gland that secretes into hair follicles?

sebaceous gland

Which types of glands become blocked during puberty, resulting in "acne"?

sebaceous glands

Which gland is responsible for odorous secretions concentrated in the armpits and groin?

apocrine sweat gland

Which of the following is a bundle of smooth muscle cells that connects to each hair?

arrector pili

What structure is deep to the epidermis and superficial to the dermis?

basement membrane

Which of the following is/are reason(s) calcium and phosphate absorption decline as we age?

decreased vitamin D3 production

The reticular layer of the dermis consists of which tissue type?

dense irregular connective tissue

Through which mechanism does perspiration function in cooling the body?

evaporation

Since the epidermis is avascular, how do the epidermal cells obtain their nutrients?

from the blood vessels in the adjacent dermis

Epidermis cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight.

vitamin D3

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning the effects of sunlight on the skin?

Sunlight is beneficial, but too much is detrimental to the skin

Which of the following is a brown, yellow-brown, or black pigment produced in the epidermis?

melanin

The most superficial layer of the dermis is the

papillary layer

The superficial layer of the dermis is known as the

papillary layer

In which level of the classification of burns are the superficial and deep cells of the epidermis affected, whereas, the dermis may or may not be affected?

second-degree burn

Which of the following structures are composed of dead cells?

all of the structures are composed of dead cells (hair shaft, nail body, stratum corneum)

Which of the following areas is the primary locale at which the skin sags and wrinkles?

areas exposed to the sun