A&P Chapter 1

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex:1. molecules2. atoms3. tissues4. cells5. organs Select one: a. 2-1-4-3-5 b. 2-1-3-4-5 c. 1-2-3-4-5 d. 1-2-4-3-5

2-1-4-3-5

Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched. Select one: a. Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye. b. Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth. c. Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region. d. Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye.

Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region.

The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ________ anatomy. a. gross b. microscopic c. developmental d. systemic

Gross

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance? Select one: a. The internal environment is becoming more stable. b. It is considered the cause of most diseases. c. Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed. d. Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally.

It is considered the cause of most diseases.

Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain? Select one: a. PET b. MRI c. DSA d. X ray

MRI

The study of anatomy and physiology assumes and describes a healthy body. Select the description below that does NOT explain why this approach is useful. Select one: a. Study of a healthy body provides a foundation for a more complete understanding of all human bodies. b. Study of a healthy body is less intimidating and more familiar new students. c. A healthy body establishes what "normal" is. d. A healthy body provides a common standard to compare to.

Study of a healthy body is less intimidating and more familiar new students.

One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of physiological study, the rest are from an anatomical perspective. Select the description below that comes from physiological perspective. Select one: a. The chambers of the heart and blood vessels leading to and from the heart are separated by valves composed of fibrous connective tissue. b. The contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels (vasoconstriction) can reduce the flow of blood through the vessel. c. The pancreas lies deep to the stomach within the abdominal cavity. d. The skull is formed by 22 facial and cranial bones.

The contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels (vasoconstriction) can reduce the flow of blood through the vessel.

Select the most correct statement. Select one: a. Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both. b. The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system. c. Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life. d. The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system.

The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system.

One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of anatomical study, the rest are from a physiological perspective. Select the description below that comes from an anatomical perspective. a. The cell-to-cell connections between heart (cardiac) muscle cells are strong. They hold the tissue together for a life time of forceful contractions. b. The extremely thin tissue (simple squamous epithelium) of the lungs allows for the quick diffusion of respiratory gases into and out of the body. c. The innermost lining of the lungs is composed primarily of a thin tissue called simple squamous epithelium. d. The direction of blood flow through the heart is directed by one way valves.

The innermost lining of the lungs is composed primarily of a thin tissue called simple squamous epithelium.

Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes. a. Visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart. b. Serosa are very thin, double-layered structures. c. Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a virtual space between the two. d. Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid.

Visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart.

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________. Select one: a. a static state with no deviation from preset points b. a dynamic state within an unlimited range, depending on circumstances c. the lowest possible energy usage d. a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

You are asked to draw blood from the median cubital vein. You will search for this vein in the ________. Select one: a. proximal arm b. lateral side of the foot c. hand d. anterior side of the elbow

anterior side of the elbow

The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following? Select one: a. liver b. lungs c. intestines d. brain

brain

Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels? Select one: a. systemic anatomy b. systemic physiology c. cardiovascular anatomy d. cardiovascular physiology

cardiovascular physiology

Which of the following is the best explanation for why cells are considered the smallest units of living things. a. Cells cannot be seen with the naked eye and are considered microscopic. b. Cells have the ability to reproduce identical copies of themselves in a process called mitosis. c. Cells are highly ordered and complex. d. Cells are the simplest structure to fit all of the characteristic necessary to be considered alive.

d. Cells are the simplest structure to fit all of the characteristic necessary to be considered alive.

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________. Select one: a. blood calcium level regulation b. body temperature regulation c. enhancement of labor contractions d. regulating glucose levels in the blood

enhancement of labor contractions

Expiration (breathing out) is how the body removes excessive carbon dioxide from the blood. This is an example of ________. Select one: a. excretion of metabolic waste b. responsiveness c. metabolism d. maintaining boundaries

excretion of metabolic waste

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called? Select one: a. transverse b. median c. frontal d. sagittal

frontal

The thoracic cavity contains the ________. It is found ________ to the vertebral cavity. Select one: a. heart and lungs: anterior b. kidneys and spleen: deep c. stomach and liver: superficial d. digestive viscera: inferior

heart and lungs: anterior

The coxal joint is most likely found in ________ region of the body. a. foot b. hip c. groin d. hand

hip

You are told to take an axillary temperature on a small child. You will place the thermometer ________. Select one: a. in the armpit b. on the forehead c. under the tongue d. in the rectum

in the armpit

Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region? Select one: a. intestines b. appendix c. liver d. stomach

intestines

The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ________. Select one: a. covering individual lungs b. covering the heart c. lining the thoracic cavity d. lining the abdominal cavity

lining the thoracic cavity

Prevention of water loss is a necessary function for life that would best fit in the category of ________. Select one: a. metabolism b. excretion c. maintaining boundaries d. responsiveness

maintaining boundaries

Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli? a. immune b. nervous c. lymphatic d. muscular

nervous

Which of the following are survival needs of the body? Select one: a. nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction b. water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement c. nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen d. nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction

nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen

You are asked to take a person's heart rate at the popliteal pulse point. You will look for this pulse ________. a. in the distal end of the lower leg b. on the posterior side of the knee c. at the posterior side of the wrist d. on the palmar side of the hand

on the posterior side of the knee

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) ________. Select one: a. organ system b. complex tissue c. complex cell d. organ

organ

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except ________. Select one: a. thumbs pointed laterally b. palms turned posteriorly c. body erect d. arms at sides

palms turned posteriorly

It is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology because ________. Select one: a. it makes for more efficient use of students' and teachers' time b. to understand anatomy requires complete understanding of physiology c. anatomy and physiology are practically the same thing d. physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy

physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy

In which body cavities are the lungs located? Select one: a. pleural, ventral, and thoracic b. pericardial, ventral, and thoracic c. mediastinal, thoracic, and ventral d. pleural, dorsal, and abdominal

pleural, ventral, and thoracic

When a baby suckles at its mother's breast the stimulus at the breast is sent to the mother's brain (a region called the hypothalamus). The brain responds by releasing hormones to stimulate the production and the ejection of milk from the breast. This helps the newborn to receive nourishment and encourages more suckling. This example is best described as a ________. Select one: a. loss of homeostasis b. necessary life function c. positive feedback d. negative feedback

positive feedback

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because ________. Select one: a. positive feedback provides moment-to-moment wellbeing while negative feedback causes a cascade effect b. positive feedback is critical to health while negative feedback serves only to alert us to potential health threats c. positive feedback is generally beneficial while negative feedback is typically harmful d. positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level

positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level

Some of the nerve endings in the skin are sensitive to changes in temperature. They are part of a negative feedback mechanism regulating body temperature. These nerve endings represent a(n) ________ in the negative feedback mechanism. a. effector b. receptor c. control center d. homeostatic balance or "ideal" value

receptor

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called? Select one: a. sagittal b. frontal c. transverse d. regional

sagittal

One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to ________. Select one: a. the necessity for all organisms to reproduce b. indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system c. the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger d. sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them

sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them

Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity? a. spinal cord b. cranial cavity c. vertebral cavity d. thoracic cavity

thoracic activity

The term pollex refers to the ________. Select one: a. thumb b. fingers c. calf d. great toe

thumb

Histology would be best defined as a study of ________. Select one: a. tissues b. the gross structures of the body c. cell chemistry d. cells

tissues

Generally what is the result of the negative feedback process? a. to control body movement b. to regulate excretion via the kidneys c. to maintain homeostasis d. to keep the body's blood sugar level high

to maintain homeostasis