A&P Chapter 12 Practice Problems

What does fever accomplish ? A.) Fever promotes cell lysis by direct cell attack B.) Fever inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process. C.) Fever prevents the spread of pathogens to adjacent tissues. D.) Fever prevents the formation of complement fixation. E.) Fever enables macrophages to attack microorganisms

Fever inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process.

A person with blood type _ has both A and B antigens on his or her RBCs.

AB

Which blood type is referred to as the "universal recipient" since it can receive blood types A, B, AB, and O ? A.) A B.) B C.) O D.) AB

AB

Which one of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease A.) type I diabetes mellitus B.) AIDS C.) Graves' disease D.) rheumatoid arthritis E.) multiple sclerosis

AIDS

Rh antigens are separate from ABO antigens and were originally discovered is Rhesus monkeys. (Select all correct ones) A.) Anti-Rh antibodies are automatically made, like the antibodies in ABO blood groups. B.) Anti-Rh antibodies are not automatically made, unlike the antibodies in ABO blood groups. C.) An Rh- mom carrying her second Rh+ fetus is at risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn D.) An Rh+ mom carrying an Rh-fetus is at risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Anti-Rh antibodies are not automatically made, unlike the antibodies in ABO blood groups. An Rh- mom carrying her second Rh+ fetus is at risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn

Vaccines stimulate the production of these soluble proteins:

Antibody

Any substance capable of provoking an immune response:

Antigen

Chemical released by macrophages and dendritic cells to activate many other immune cells:

Cytokines

Cancer cells would be attacked by which of the following cells ? A.) B cells B.) Cytotoxic T cells C.) macrophages

Cytotoxic T cells

A person with blood type _ has neither A not B antigen on his or her RBCs

O

The most common type of blood is the U.S. population is _. A.) A B.) B C.) AO D.) AB E.) O

O

Chemical released by natural killer cells to cause lysis:

Perforins

Located in the wall of the small intestines:

Peyer's patches

Chemical selected by white blood cells and macrophages to raise the body's temperature:

Pyrogen

In the case of pregnancy, the danger lies in a sensitized Rh- mother carrying an Rh+ fetus. How does this harm the fetus ?

Rh- mother delivers healthy first Rh+ baby and is exposed to the Rh+ antigens, Rh- mother makes anti-Rh antibodies, Rh- mother is pregnant with second Rh+ baby, Anti-Rh antibodies cross the placenta, Anti-Rh antibodies destroy Rh+ baby's RBCs.

The immune serum used to prevent maternal sensitization to Rh antigens is _. A.) serotonin B.) fibrinogen C.) RhoGAM D.) agglutinin E.) interleukin

RhoGAM

Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are the four most common indicators of _. A.) acute inflammation B.) edema C.) dehydration D.) fever

acute inflammation

What structure carries lymph into a lymph node ? A.) follicles B.) efferent lymphatic vessel C.) germinal center D.) afferent lymphatic vessel E.) trabeculae

afferent lymphatic vessel

Which antibody-antigen interaction results when a foreign blood type is transfused and clumped ? A.) precipitation B.) agglutination C.) phagocytosis D.) opsonization E.) neutralization

agglutination

The prefix _ means "different." The prefix _ means "immune." The prefix _ means "lymph." The prefix _ means "against." The prefix _ means "above," "beyond," or "over."

allo, immuno, lympho, anti, hyper

A tissue graft from another person is a(n).

allograft

Hemolysis most likely will occur when _. A.) an Rh positive person receives the first transfusion of blood that is Rh negative B.) any person receives blood type O during a transfusion C.) an Rh negative person receives the first transfusion of blood that is Rh positive D.) platelets cling to the ruptured endothelium of a blood vessel E.) an Rh negative person receives the second transfusion of blood that is Rh positive

an Rh negative person receives the second transfusion of blood that is Rh positive

What is the name of the unique area (specific region) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to ? A.) antibody B.) pathogen C.) an antigenic determinant D.) antigen

an antigen determinant

A molecule that works against a pathogen to protect the body is a(n) _.

antibody

The major role of _ cells is to engulf antigens and present pieces of them to the cells that will deal with those fragments. A.) cytoxic T B.) antigen-presenting C.) helper T D.) killer

antigen-presenting

Substances that the body recognizes as foreign are called _. A.) megakaryocytes B.) antigens C.) formed elements D.) antibodies

antigens

What is the best graft to have so as to avoid rejection of a transplanted tissue ? A.) a graft from a recently decreased individuals B.) an autograft C.) a xenograft D.) an allograft E.) a graft from another primate

autograft

In an allergic person, which of the following would result in anaphylactic shock ? A.) orally ingested antibiotic B.) bee sting C.) inhaled pollen D.) All of these would cause anaphylactic shock.

bee sting

Responds to specific antigens, originates from hemocytoblasts in red marrow, immunocompetent cells found in lymphoid tissues:

both cellular and humoral immunity

If a virus attacks a cell, which type of immunity would be activated ? A.) antibody-mediated immunity B.) cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity) C.) humoral immunity

cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, immunocompetence develops in thymus, activated exposure to APCs:

cellular immunity

Membrane attack complexes (MAC) form holes in attacked cells causing them to burst; this a result of _. A.) keratin B.) interferon C.) complement fixation D.) phagocytes E.) natural killer cells

complement fixation

Which portion of the antibody's structure determines the antibody's class ? A.) disulfide bonds B.) light chain C.) heavy chain D.) constant region E.) variable region

constant region

What type of T cell directly attacks infected cells ? A.) cytotoxic T cells B.) plasma cells C.) regulatory T cells D.) helper T cells

cytotoxic T cells

What type of cell specializes in killing virus-infected, cancer, or foreign graft cells directly ? A.) cytotoxic T cells B.) regulatory T cells C.) helper T cells D.) antigen-presenting cells

cytotoxic T cells

The process by which neutrophils are squeezed through the capillary walls during the inflammatory process is called _. A.) agglutination B.) coagulation C.) chemotaxis D.) antibody production E.) diapedesis

diapedesis

A(n) _ is a red blood cell

erythrocyte

The root word _ means "red" The root word _ means "deficiency" The root word _ means "white" The root word _ means "related to clotting" The root word _ means "blood"

erythrocyte, penia, leuk, thromb, Hema

Which of these is found on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) ? A.) self-antigen B.) fragments of foreign pathogens ingested by the cell C.) antibodies D.) cytokines

fragments of foreign pathogens ingested by the cell

What type of T cell releases cytokines to indirectly rid the body of antigens ? A.) regulatory T cells B.) suppressor T cells C.) helper T cells D.) killer T cells E.) cytotoxic T cells

helper T cells

Which cells stimulate the antibody-secreting cells and cytotoxic T cells ? A.) plasma cells B.) memory cells C.) helper T cells D.) regulatory cells

helper T cells

The stem cell for all blood cells is the _

hemocytoblast

The condition in which maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the baby's RBCs is called _. A.) thrombus B.) physiologic jaundice C.) hemophilia D.) hemolytic disease of the newborn

hemolytic disease of the newborn

Produces antibodies, B lymphocytes, immunocompetence develops in bone marrow:

humoral immunity

What type of immunity can be transferred by bodily fluids from one person to another, thus conferring immunity to the recipient ? A.) humoral immunity B.) cell-mediated immunity C.) cellular immunity

humoral immunity

A _ results when the immune system is overstimulated

hypersensitivity

T cells or B cells that are capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it with antigen-specific receptors that appear on the lymphocyte's surface are considered _. A.) complement B.) self-tolerant C.) clones D.) immunocompetent

immunocompetent

When the immune system does not work properly, the patient has a(n).

immunodeficiency

The study of immunity is called _. A.) pathology B.) microbiology C.) histology D.) anatomy E.) immunology

immunology

Tears and mucus membranes would be a part of which defense system ? A.) innate internal defenses B.) innate external defenses C.) adaptive defenses

innate external defenses

Phagocytotic cells such as macrophages identify a variety of enemies by recognizing markers unique to pathogens. They would be classified as which type of defense systems ? A.) innate external defenses B.) innate internal defenses C.) adaptive defenses

innate internal defenses

Small proteins known as _ are secreted by virus-infected cells to help defend cells that have not yet been infected. A.) interferons B.) haptens C.) pyrogens D.) antigens

interferons

IgE _. A.) can fix complement B.) is passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy C.) is mainly found in mucus and secretions such as tears and saliva D.) is involved in allergies E.) is the most abundant antibody in blood plasma

is involved in allergies

Lymph from the left arm returns to the heart through the _. A.) left external jugular vein B.) aorta C.) left subclavian artery D.) left subclavian vein E.) inferior vena cava

left subclavian vein

A(n) _ is a white blood cell.

leukocyte

A blood cell that travels the body in lymphatic fluid is called a(n).

lymphocyte

Harmful or disease-causing microorganisms from which nonspecific defenses protect the body are called _. A.) allergens B.) antibodies C.) macrophages D.) pathogens

pathogens

What cells make antibodies ? A.) plasma B cells B.) memory T cells C.) cytotoxic T cells D.) memory B cells

plasma B cells

If you carry the Rh antigen, you are referred to as Rh _. A.) negative B.) sensitive C.) positive D.) compatible

positive

Large antigen-antibody complexes can become insoluble and settle out of a solution, a reaction called _. A.) agglutination B.) precipitation C.) neutralization D.) complement fixation

precipitation

What is the basis of the ABO blood groups ? A.) presence or absence of A and B antigens on the surface of RBCs B.) antigens in the blood plasma C.) presence of anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma D.) Rh blood groups

presence or absence of A and B antigens on the surface of RBCs

The body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganisms is _. A.) natural killer cells B.) skin and mucous membranes C.) phagocytes D.) fever E.) inflammatory response

skin and mucous membranes

Filters and cleanses the blood of bacteria, viruses, and other debris:

spleen

Located on the left side of the abdominal cavity:

spleen

Which lymphatic organ's major job is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver ? A.) appendix B.) spleen C.) thymus gland D.) Peyer's patches E.) tonsils

spleen

Lymphocytes are trained to be self-tolerant of _. A.) viruses B.) bacteria C.) the body's own cells D.) foreign blood cells E.) fungi

the body's own cells

Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism that aids lymph return to the heart ? A.) pressure changes within the thorax B.) the pumping action of the heart C.) presence of valves within the larger lymph vessels D.) smooth muscle contractions within the lymphatic vessels E.) milking action of skeletal muscles

the pumping action of the heart

The main protein involved in clotting _

thrombin

_ is a platelet deficiency

thrombocytopenia

What lymphoid organ produces hormones that direct the maturation of T lymphocytes ? A.) thymus B.) spleen C.) tonsil D.) mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

thymus

What lymphoid organ produces hormones that direct the maturation of T lymphocytes ? A.) tonsil B.) mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue C.) spleen D.) thymus

thymus

Located overlying the heart:

thymus gland

Trap and remove bacteria and pathogens entering the throat:

tonsils

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) includes the _. A.) tonsils and spleen B.) thymus C.) tonsils, the appendix, and Peyer's patches D.) tonsils only E.) spleen

tonsils, the appendix, and Peyer's patches

A person with type A- blood could receive _ or _.

type A- blood, type O- blood

A person with type AB- blood could receive _, _, _, or _.

type AB- blood, type B- blood, type A- blood, type O- blood

A person with type B+ blood could receive _, _, _, or _.

type B+ blood, type B- blood, type O- blood, type O+ blood

What blood type can a person with O negative blood receive in a transfusion ? A.) type O negative B.) type AB positive C.) type AB negative D.) type O positive

type O negative

A person with type O+ blood could receive _ or _.

type O+ blood, type O- blood

The region of the antibody that varies from antibody to antibody is called the _ region. A.) stable or S B.) regional or R C.) constant or C D.) variable or V

variable or V

Which abundant antibody is the only one to cross the placental barrier ? A.) IgG B.) IgA C.) IgE D.) IgD E.) IgM

IgG

What class of antibodies functions as antigen receptors on B cells and form large complexes that can agglutinate cells ? A.) IgA B.) IgE C.) IgM D.) IgG

IgM

Small protein that binds with receptors on healthy cells to promote protein synthesis and prevent viruses from binding:

Interferon

Chemical that provides resistance to intact skin against acids, alkalis, and bacterial enzymes:

Keratin

A person with blood type _ has antigen A on his or her RBCs.

A

When typing a patient's blood, agglutination occurred with anti-A and anti-Rh antibodies. What is this patient's blood type ? A.) B negative B.) A positive C.) O positive D.) AB positive

A positive

A person with blood type _ has antigen B on his or her RBCs.

B

What two cell types provide humoral and cell-mediated immunity against specific foreign antigens ? A.) antigen-presenting cells and B lymphocytes B.) B and T lymphocytes C.) T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells D.) helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells

B and T lymphocytes

Molly has blood type A and her daughter has blood type B. Why can't Molly donate blood to her daughter ? A.) Blood type B contains anti-A antibodies, which will agglutinate with type A blood. B.) Mothers cannot donate blood to their daughters C.) Blood transfusions cannot be performed among relatives. D.) Only fathers can donate blood to their daughters. E.) Blood types A and B will coagulate during a transfusion

Blood type B contains anti-A antibodies, which will agglutinate with type A blood.

How do antibodies prevent viruses from attacking cells ? A.) They connect viral particles together so they precipitate out. B.) They bind to viral antigens and neutralize the virus particles C.) They agglutinate viruses. D.) They bind to and activate complement proteins on the viral surface.

They bind to viral antigens and neutralize the virus particles.