A&P Chapter 5 (Skeletal System) Homework

comminuted

In what type of fracture is the bone broken into many fragments?

synovial joint

How is a ball-and-socket joint classified?

1. Phalanges 2. Metatarsals 3. Cuneiforms 4. Navicular 5. Cuboid 6. Talus 7. Calcaneus

Labeling Ankle and Foot Bones

1. Illium 2. Sacrum 3. Pubis 4. Ischium 5. Illium 6. PUbis 7. Ischium

Labeling Pelvic Girdle

1. Coxal (hip) Bone 2. Femur 3. Patella 4. Tibia 5. Fibula 6. Tarsals

Labeling Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

1. Clavicle 2. Scapula 3. Humerus 4. Ulna 5. Radius 6.Carpals

Labeling Shoulder Girdle and Upper Limb

Left Side: 1. Hamate 2. Pisiform 3. Triquetrum 4. Lunate Right Side: 1. Trapezium 2. Trapezoid 3. Capitate 4. Scaphoid

Labeling Wrist Bones

1. Phalanges 2. Metacarpals 3. Carpals 4. Radius 5. Ulna

Labeling Wrist and Hand

hyoid

What bone does NOT articulate directly with any other bone?

joint cavity

What is the distinguishing feature of a synovial joint?

blood cell formation

What is the function of red bone marrow?

ischial tuberosity

What is the region of the coxal bone that bears most of the body weight when a person is sitting?

epiphysis

What term refers to the end of a long bone?

scapula and humerus

Which bones form the shoulder joint?

canaliculi

Which of these allow nutrients to diffuse from the central canal to all the osteocytes within an osteon?

ischial spines that are short and farther apart

Which of these is a typical characteristic of the female pelvis?

Fontanels allow the fetal skull to be compressed slightly during childbirth.

Which of these statements describes a function of fontanels?

1. Blood-filled swelling 2. Fibrocartilage callus 3. Bony Callus 4. Bone Remodeling

Healing a Bone Fracture

1. Bones increase in diameter through the process of appositional growth. 2. Bones increase in length by the process of ossification. 3. A person with epiphyseal lines is not growing taller. 4. A person with epiphyseal plates is growing taller.

Bone Growth

Fibrocartilage Callus: Granulation tissue forms, Phagocytosis of dead tissue, A combination of cartilage matrix, bony matrix, and collagen fibers Bony Callus: Spongy bone, Osteoblasts and osteoclasts migrate and multiply

Bone Growth, Fractures and Remodeling

osteoblasts

During the repair of a fracture, which of the following cells form the bony callus?

Synarthroses: Immovable Joints, (Skull Suture), (Root of Teeth) Amphiarthroses: Slightly Movable Joints, (Cartilage between Spine), (Cartilage in pelvis) Diarthroses: Freely Movable Joints, (Elbow), (Hip)

Functional Joints

1. Osteocyte: a mature bone cell trapped in bone matrix. 2. Osteoblast: a cell that stores calcium in bone by making bone matrix. 3. Osteoclast: a cell that releases calcium from bone, increasing blood calcium levels. 4. Osteoclast: parathyroid hormone (PTH) activates this type of cell.

Overview of Ossification

1. Hardness: ability to resist compression; due to calcium salts 2. Tensile strength: ability to stretch without breaking; due to collagen fibers and other organic parts

Role of Bone Salts and Matrix

Fibrous joints: (Skull Sutures), (Connecting Humerus and Ulna) Cartilaginous joints: (Cartilage in pelvis), (Cartilage between Spine), (Cartilage connects clavicle to sternum)

Structural Joints

1. Cartilage grows here 2. Bone Replaces cartilage here 3. Cartilage grows here 4. Bone Replaces cartilage here

The Events of Ossification